Manual — Ultrix WS-2.0/VAX

1. Commands (intro)

2780e	spooler for the IBM 2780 emulator
3780e	spooler for the IBM 3780 emulator
adb	interactive C program debugger
addbib	create or extend bibliographic database
admin	SCCS file administrator
apply	apply a command to a set of arguments
apropos	locate commands by keyword lookup
ar	archive and library maintainer
as	assembler
at	execute commands at a later time	[ at, batch ]
awk	pattern scanning and processing language
basename	strip directory names from pathname
batch	execute commands at a later time	[ at, batch ]
bc	interactive arithmetic language processor
bdiff	big file differential comparator
biff	be notified if mail arrives and who it is from
binmail	send or receive mail among users
cal	print calendar
calendar	calendar reminder service
capsar	prepares a DOTS or DDIF document for transport in the Mail system
cat	concatenate and print data
cb	C program beautifier
cc	C compiler
ccat	compress and uncompress files, and cat them	[ compact, uncompact, ccat ]
cd	change current directory
cdc	change delta
cdoc	Compound document converter
cflow	generate C flow graph
checknr	check nroff/troff files
chfn	change system finger entry
chgrp	change file group
chmod	change file mode
chsh	change login shell
ci	check in RCS revisions
clear	clear terminal screen
cmp	compare file data
co	check out RCS revisions
col	filter reverse line feeds
colcrt	filter nroff output for CRT previewing
colrm	remove columns from a file
comb	combine delta versions of SCCS file
comm	compare sorted data
compact	compress and uncompress files, and cat them	[ compact, uncompact, ccat ]
compress	compress and expand data	[ compress, uncompress, zcat ]
cp	copy file data
cpio	copy file archives in and out
cpp	the C language preprocessor
csh	C shell Command Interpreter
csplit	context split
ctags	create a tags file
ctod	combine DDIS objects into DOTS format
ctrace	C program debugger
cut	cut out selected fields of each line of a file
cxref	generate C program cross reference
date	print date and time
dbx	debugger
dc	desktop calculator
dd	copy and convert data
delta	create new SCCS delta to save changes
deroff	remove formatting codes from text
df	display free and used disk space
diction	print wordy sentences; thesaurus for diction	[ diction, explain ]
diff	differential file comparator
diff3	3-way differential file comparison
diffmk	mark differences between files
dircmp	directory comparison
dirname	deliver directory names from pathname
dtoc	unpack objects from a DOTS file
du	print amount of disk usage
echo	echo arguments
ed	text editor	[ ed, red ]
edit	text editor	[ ex, edit ]
efl	Extended Fortran Language
egrep	search file for regular expression	[ grep, egrep, fgrep ]
eqn	typeset mathematics	[ eqn, neqn, checkeq ]
error	analyze and disperse compiler error messages
ex	text editor	[ ex, edit ]
expand	expand tabs to spaces, and vice versa	[ expand, unexpand ]
expr	evaluate expressions
eyacc	modified yacc allowing much improved error recovery
f77	Fortran 77 compiler
false	test for status	[ true, false ]
fed	font editor
fgrep	search file for regular expression	[ grep, egrep, fgrep ]
file	determine file type
find	find files
finger	print user finger information
fmt	simple text formatter
fold	fold long lines for finite width output device
fp	Functional Programming language compiler/interpreter
fpr	print Fortran file
from	identifies sender of mail
fsplit	split a multi-routine Fortran file into individual files
gcore	get core images of running processes
get	get a copy of SCCS file
getopt	parse command options
gprof	display call graph profile data
grep	search file for regular expression	[ grep, egrep, fgrep ]
groups	show group memberships
head	give first few lines
help	tips on getting started with ULTRIX
hostid	set or print identifier of current host system
hostname	print system name
iconc	compile and link Icon programs
icont	translate Icon programs for interpretive execution
id	print user and group IDs and names
ident	identify files
indent	indent and format C program source
indxbib	build inverted index for a bibliography, lookup bibliographic references	[ indxbib, lookbib ]
install	install binaries
intro	introduction to commands
iostat	report I/O statistics
ipcrm	remove a message queue, semaphore set
ipcs	report interprocess communication facilities status
join	join files
kill	send a signal to a process
last	indicate last logins of users and teletypes
lastcomm	show last commands executed in reverse order
ld	link editor
learn	computer aided instruction about UNIX
leave	remind you when you have to leave
lex	generate lexical analyzer
line	read one line
lint	check C code
lisp	lisp interpreter
liszt	compile a Franz Lisp program
lk	link editor
ln	link to a file
lock	reserve a terminal
login	log in to a system
logname	get login name
look	find lines in sorted data
lookbib	build inverted index for a bibliography, lookup bibliographic references	[ indxbib, lookbib ]
lorder	determine relation for an object library
lp	send requests to an LP line printer
lpq	spool queue examination program
lpr	off line print
lprm	remove jobs from line printer queue
ls	list and generate statistics for files
ltf	labeled tape facility
lxref	lisp cross reference program
m4	macro processor
mail	send or read mail
make	maintain program groups
man	displays manual pages online
mdtar	multivolume archiver
merge	three-way file merge
mesg	allow or disallow messages
mkdir	make a new directory
mkstr	create an error message file
mod	Modula-2 compiler
more	display file data at your terminal	[ more, page ]
msgs	system messages and junk mail program
mt	magnetic tape manipulating program
mv	move or rename files
netstat	show network status
newaliases	rebuild the data base for the mail aliases file
newcsh	command line edit csh
nice	execute a command at a lower priority	[ nice, nohup ]
nl	line numbering filter
nm	print program’s name list
nohup	execute a command at a lower priority	[ nice, nohup ]
nroff	format text
nslookup	query BIND servers interactively
nsquery	name server query
od	create file octal dump
pack	compress and expand files	[ pack, pcat, unpack ]
page	display file data at your terminal	[ more, page ]
pagesize	print system page size
passwd	change your login password
paste	merge file data
pc	Pascal compiler
pcat	compress and expand files	[ pack, pcat, unpack ]
pdx	pascal debugger
pg	file perusal filter for soft-copy terminals
pi	Pascal interpreter code translator
pix	Pascal interpreter and executor
pmerge	pascal file merger
pr	print files
print	pr to the line printer
printenv	display value of a shell variable
prmail	print out mail in the post office
prof	profile an object file
prs	display information from an SCCS file
ps	print process status statistics
pti	phototypesetter interpreter
ptoc	Pascal to C language translator
ptx	create permuted index
pwd	print working directory
px	Pascal code executor
pxp	Pascal execution profiler
pxref	Pascal cross-reference program
quota	display disk usage and limits
ranlib	convert archives to random libraries
ratfor	rational Fortran dialect
rcs	change RCS file attributes
rcsdiff	compare RCS revisions
rcsintro	introduction to RCS commands
rcsmerge	merge RCS revisions
red	text editor	[ ed, red ]
refer	find and format bibliographic references
reset	reset terminal mode
rev	reverse character positions in file data
rlog	print log messages and other information about RCS files
rm	remove (unlink) files or directories	[ rm, rmdir ]
rmail	route mail to users on remote systems
rmdel	remove a delta from an SCCS file
rmdir	remove (unlink) files or directories	[ rm, rmdir ]
roffbib	run off bibliographic database
rsh5	shell, the standard/restricted command programming language	[ sh5, rsh5 ]
s5make	maintain, update, and regenerate groups of programs
sccs	Source Code Control System
sccsdiff	compare and display SCCS delta differences
sccshelp	display SCCS help information
script	generate script of your terminal session
sed	stream text editor
sh	command language	[ sh, for, case, if, while, :, ., break, continue, cd, eval, exec, exit, export, login, read, readonly, set, shift, times, trap, umask, wait ]
sh5	shell, the standard/restricted command programming language	[ sh5, rsh5 ]
size	print program’s sizes
sleep	suspend execution for a time
soelim	eliminate nroff source directives from nroff input
sort	sort file data
sort5	internationalized System 5 sort and/or merge files
sortbib	sort bibliographic database
spell	check text for spelling errors	[ spell, spellin, spellout ]
spellin	check text for spelling errors	[ spell, spellin, spellout ]
spellout	check text for spelling errors	[ spell, spellin, spellout ]
split	split file into smaller files
strings	print ASCII strings in program
strip	remove symbol table and relocation bits
struct	structure Fortran programs
stty	set terminal options
style	analyze surface characteristics of a document
su	substitute a user ID
sum	print object file’s checksum
symorder	rearrange name list
sync	update the super block
sysline	display system status on status line of a terminal
tabs	set tabs
tail	print lines from file
talk	talk to another user
tar	multivolume archiver
tbl	format tables for nroff or troff
tc	photoypesetter simulator
tee	pipe output to terminal and file
test	test conditional expression
time	time a command
tk	paginator for the Tektronix 4014
touch	update access and modification times of a file
tp	manipulate tape archive
tr	translate characters
trace	trace system calls of programs
trman	translate version 6 manual macros to version 7 macros
troff	text formatting and typesetting
true	test for status	[ true, false ]
tset	set terminal mode
tsort	create topological sort
tty	print current terminal name
ul	process underscores for terminal
uncompact	compress and uncompress files, and cat them	[ compact, uncompact, ccat ]
uncompress	compress and expand data	[ compress, uncompress, zcat ]
unexpand	expand tabs to spaces, and vice versa	[ expand, unexpand ]
unget	undo a previous get of an SCCS file
uniq	report repeated lines in a file
units	conversion program
unpack	compress and expand files	[ pack, pcat, unpack ]
uptime	display system status
users	print names of users who are logged in
val	validate SCCS file
vc	version control program
vcc	VAX C compiler
vdoc	Compound document viewer
vfontinfo	inspect and print out information about UNIX fonts
vgrind	grind nice listings of programs
vi	text editor
vlp	Format Lisp programs to be printed with nroff, vtroff, or troff
vmstat	report virtual memory statistics
vpr	raster printer/plotter spooler	[ vpr, vprm, vpq, vprint ]
vtroff	troff to a raster plotter
vwidth	make troff width table for a font
w	display who is logged in and what they are doing
wait	wait for process completion
wall	write to all users
wc	count words, lines, and characters
what	display ID keywords from SCCS file
whatis	display command description
whereis	locate source, binary, and or manual for program
which	locate program file
who	print who and where users are logged in
whoami	print your current login name
write	write message to another user
xargs	construct argument list and execute command
xstr	extract strings from C program
yacc	yet another compiler-compiler
yes	be repetitively affirmative
zcat	compress and expand data	[ compress, uncompress, zcat ]

1c. Communication Commands

cu	connect to a remote system	[ tip, cu ]
dgate	log in to a DECnet remote system through an intermediate ULTRIX DECnet host (gateway system)
ftp	file transfer program
rcp	remote file copy
rlogin	remote login
rsh	remote shell
ruptime	show host status of local machines
rwho	who is logged in on local machines
telnet	user interface to the TELNET protocol
tftp	trivial file transfer program
tip	connect to a remote system	[ tip, cu ]
uucp	unix to unix copy	[ uucp, uulog, uuname ]
uudecode	encode/decode a binary file for transmission via mail	[ uuencode, uudecode ]
uuencode	encode/decode a binary file for transmission via mail	[ uuencode, uudecode ]
uulog	unix to unix copy	[ uucp, uulog, uuname ]
uuname	unix to unix copy	[ uucp, uulog, uuname ]
uusend	send a file to a remote host
uustat	uucp status inquiry and job control
uux	unix to unix command execution

1g. Graphics Commands

graph	draw a graph
plot	graphics filters
spline	interpolate smooth curve

1int. Internationalization Commands

extract	interactive string extract and replace
gencat	generate a formatted message catalog
ic	compiler for language support database
internat	introduction to internationalization operations
strextract	batch string extraction
strmerge	batch string replacement
trans	translation tool for use with message source files

1mh. RAND Message Handler Commands

ali	list mail aliases
anno	annotate messages
burst	explode digests into messages
comp	compose a message
dist	redistribute a message to additional addresses
folder	set folder or display current foldername
folders	list folders and contents
forw	forward messages
inc	incorporate new mail
mark	mark messages
mh	Message Handler
mhl	produce formatted listings of MH messages
mhmail	send or read mail
mhpath	print full pathnames of MH messages and folders
msgchk	check for messages
msh	MH shell
next	show the next message
packf	compress a folder into a single file
pick	select messages by content
prev	show the previous message
prompter	prompting editor front-end
rcvstore	incorporate new mail asynchronously
refile	file message in other folders
repl	reply to a message
rmf	remove folder
rmm	remove messages
scan	produce a one-line-per-message scan listing
send	send a message
show	show (list) messages
slocal	MH receive-mail hooks
sortm	sort messages
whatnow	prompting front-end for send
whom	report to whom a message would go

1sh5. SVR2 Shell Commands

echo	echo arguments
test	condition evaluation command

1yp. Yellow Pages (NIS) Commands

domainname	display or set the name of the current domain for this system
ypcat	print values from a YP data base
ypmatch	print the value of one or more keys from a yp map
yppasswd	change login password in yellow pages map.
ypwhich	determine which host is the current YP server or map master.

2. System Calls (intro)

_exit	terminate a process
accept	accept a connection on a socket
access	determine the accessibility of file
acct	turn accounting on or off
adjtime	correct the time to allow synchronization of the system clock
bind	bind a name to a socket
brk	change core allocation	[ brk, sbrk ]
chdir	change working directory
chmod	change mode of file	[ chmod, fchmod ]
chown	change owner and group of a file	[ chown, fchown ]
chroot	change root directory
close	delete a descriptor
connect	initiate a connection on a socket
creat	create a new file
dup	duplicate an open file descriptor	[ dup, dup2 ]
dup2	duplicate an open file descriptor	[ dup, dup2 ]
errno	introduction error numbers
execve	execute a file
exit	terminate a process	[ _exit ]
fchmod	change mode of file	[ chmod, fchmod ]
fchown	change owner and group of a file	[ chown, fchown ]
fcntl	file control
flock	apply or remove an advisory lock on an open file
fork	create a new process
fstat	get file status	[ stat, lstat, fstat ]
fsync	synchronize a file’s in-core state with that on disk
ftruncate	truncate a file to a specified length	[ truncate, ftruncate ]
getdirentries	gets directory entries in a generic directory format
getdtablesize	get descriptor table size
getegid	get group identity	[ getgid, getegid ]
geteuid	get user identity	[ getuid, geteuid ]
getgid	get group identity	[ getgid, getegid ]
getgroups	get group access list
gethostid	get/set unique identifier of current host	[ gethostid, sethostid ]
gethostname	get/set name of current host	[ gethostname, sethostname ]
getitimer	get/set value of interval timer	[ getitimer, setitimer ]
getmnt	get information about mounted file systems
getpagesize	get system page size
getpeername	get name of connected peer
getpgrp	get process group
getpid	get process identification	[ getpid, getppid ]
getppid	get process identification	[ getpid, getppid ]
getpriority	get/set program scheduling priority	[ getpriority, setpriority ]
getrlimit	control maximum system resource consumption	[ getrlimit, setrlimit ]
getrusage	get information about resource utilization
getsockname	get socket name
getsockopt	get and set options on sockets	[ getsockopt, setsockopt ]
getsysinfo	get system information
gettimeofday	get/set date and time	[ gettimeofday, settimeofday ]
getuid	get user identity	[ getuid, geteuid ]
intro	introduction to system calls
ioctl	control device
kill	send signal to a process
killpg	send signal to process or process group
link	link to a file
listen	listen for connections on a socket
lseek	move read/write pointer	[ lseek, tell ]
lstat	get file status	[ stat, lstat, fstat ]
mkdir	make a directory file
mknod	make a directory or a special file
mount	mount or unmount a file system	[ mount, umount ]
mprotect	memory protection control
msgctl	message control operations
msgget	get message queue
msgop	message operations, msgsnd and msgrcv	[ msgsnd, msgrcv ]
msgrcv	message operations, msgsnd and msgrcv	[ msgsnd, msgrcv ]
msgsnd	message operations, msgsnd and msgrcv	[ msgsnd, msgrcv ]
open	open for reading or writing
pipe	create an interprocess channel
plock	lock process, text, or data in memory
profil	execution time profile
ptrace	process trace
quota	manipulate disk quotas
read	read from a file	[ read, readv ]
readlink	read value of a symbolic link
readv	read from a file	[ read, readv ]
reboot	reboot system or halt processor
recv	receive a message from a socket	[ recv, recvfrom, recvmsg ]
recvfrom	receive a message from a socket	[ recv, recvfrom, recvmsg ]
recvmsg	receive a message from a socket	[ recv, recvfrom, recvmsg ]
rename	change the name of a file
rmdir	remove a directory file
sbrk	change core allocation	[ brk, sbrk ]
select	synchronous I/O multiplexing
semctl	semaphore control operations
semget	get set of semaphores
semop	semaphore operations
send	send a message from a socket	[ send, sendto, sendmsg ]
sendmsg	send a message from a socket	[ send, sendto, sendmsg ]
sendto	send a message from a socket	[ send, sendto, sendmsg ]
setgroups	set group access list
sethostid	get/set unique identifier of current host	[ gethostid, sethostid ]
sethostname	get/set name of current host	[ gethostname, sethostname ]
setitimer	get/set value of interval timer	[ getitimer, setitimer ]
setpgrp	set process group
setpriority	get/set program scheduling priority	[ getpriority, setpriority ]
setquota	enable/disable quotas on a file system
setregid	set real and effective group ID
setreuid	set real and effective user ID’s
setrlimit	control maximum system resource consumption	[ getrlimit, setrlimit ]
setsid	POSIX create session and set process group ID
setsockopt	get and set options on sockets	[ getsockopt, setsockopt ]
setsysinfo	set system information
settimeofday	get/set date and time	[ gettimeofday, settimeofday ]
shmat	shared memory operations	[ shmop, shmat, shmdt ]
shmctl	shared memory control operations
shmdt	shared memory operations	[ shmop, shmat, shmdt ]
shmget	get shared memory segment
shmop	shared memory operations	[ shmop, shmat, shmdt ]
shutdown	shut down full-duplex connection
sigblock	block signals
sigpause	atomically release blocked signals and wait for interrupt
sigpending	examine pending signals
sigsetmask	set current signal mask
sigstack	set and/or get signal stack context
sigvec	software signal facilities
socket	create an endpoint for communication
socketpair	create a pair of connected sockets
stat	get file status	[ stat, lstat, fstat ]
stime	set time
swapon	add a swap device for interleaved paging/swapping
symlink	make symbolic link to a file
sync	update super-block
syscall	indirect system call
tell	move read/write pointer	[ lseek, tell ]
truncate	truncate a file to a specified length	[ truncate, ftruncate ]
ulimit	get and set user limits
umask	set file creation mask
umount	mount or unmount a file system	[ mount, umount ]
uname	get name of current system
unlink	remove directory entry
ustat	get file system statistics
utime	set file times
utimes	set file times
vfork	spawn new process in a virtual memory efficient way
vhangup	virtually hang up the current control terminal
wait	wait for process to terminate	[ wait, wait3, waitpid ]
wait3	wait for process to terminate	[ wait, wait3, waitpid ]
waitpid	wait for process to terminate	[ wait, wait3, waitpid ]
write	write on a file	[ write, writev ]
writev	write on a file	[ write, writev ]

2nfs. NFS Calls

exportfs	exports an NFS file system
mount	mount or remove an NFS file system	[ mount, umount ]
nfs_biod	Invoke NFS daemons	[ nfs_svc, nfs_biod ]
nfs_svc	Invoke NFS daemons	[ nfs_svc, nfs_biod ]
umount	mount or remove an NFS file system	[ mount, umount ]

2yp. Yellow Pages (NIS) Calls

getdomainname	get or set name of current domain	[ getdomainname, setdomainname ]
setdomainname	get or set name of current domain	[ getdomainname, setdomainname ]

3. Library Functions (intro)

_tolower	translate characters	[ toupper, tolower, _toupper, _tolower, toascii ]
_toupper	translate characters	[ toupper, tolower, _toupper, _tolower, toascii ]
a64l	convert long integer and base-64 ASCII string	[ a64l, l64a ]
abort	generate an illegal instruction fault
abs	integer absolute value
alarm	schedule signal after specified time
alloca	memory allocator	[ malloc, free, realloc, calloc, alloca ]
asctime	convert date and time to string	[ ctime, localtime, gmtime, asctime, timezone, tzset ]
atof	convert ASCII to numbers	[ atof, atoi, atol, strtol, strtod ]
atoi	convert ASCII to numbers	[ atof, atoi, atol, strtol, strtod ]
atol	convert ASCII to numbers	[ atof, atoi, atol, strtol, strtod ]
bcmp	bit and byte string operations	[ bcopy, bcmp, bzero, ffs ]
bcopy	bit and byte string operations	[ bcopy, bcmp, bzero, ffs ]
bsearch	binary search a sorted table
bstring	bit and byte string operations	[ bcopy, bcmp, bzero, ffs ]
bzero	bit and byte string operations	[ bcopy, bcmp, bzero, ffs ]
calloc	memory allocator	[ malloc, free, realloc, calloc, alloca ]
clock	report CPU time used
closedir	directory operations	[ opendir, readdir, telldir, seekdir, rewinddir, closedir ]
closelog	control system log	[ syslog, openlog, closelog ]
conv	translate characters	[ toupper, tolower, _toupper, _tolower, toascii ]
crypt	password encryption routine	[ crypt, encrypt ]
ctime	convert date and time to string	[ ctime, localtime, gmtime, asctime, timezone, tzset ]
ctype	character classification macros	[ isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, toascii ]
directory	directory operations	[ opendir, readdir, telldir, seekdir, rewinddir, closedir ]
dn_comp	resolver routines	[ res_mkquery, res_send, res_init, dn_comp, dn_expand ]
dn_expand	resolver routines	[ res_mkquery, res_send, res_init, dn_comp, dn_expand ]
drand48	generate uniformly distributed pseudo-random numbers	[ drand48, erand48, lrand48, nrand48, mrand48, jrand48, srand48, seed48, lcong48 ]
ecvt	output conversion	[ ecvt, fcvt, gcvt ]
edata	last locations in program	[ end, etext, edata ]
encrypt	password encryption routine	[ crypt, encrypt ]
end	last locations in program	[ end, etext, edata ]
endgrent	get group file entry	[ getgrent, getgrgid, getgrnam, setgrent, endgrent ]
endpwent	get password file entry	[ getpwent, getpwuid, getpwnam, setpwent, endpwent ]
endttyent	get ttys file entry	[ getttyent, getttynam, setttyent, endttyent ]
environ	execute a file	[ execl, execv, execle, execlp, execvp, exect, environ ]
erand48	generate uniformly distributed pseudo-random numbers	[ drand48, erand48, lrand48, nrand48, mrand48, jrand48, srand48, seed48, lcong48 ]
etext	last locations in program	[ end, etext, edata ]
execl	execute a file	[ execl, execv, execle, execlp, execvp, exect, environ ]
execle	execute a file	[ execl, execv, execle, execlp, execvp, exect, environ ]
execlp	execute a file	[ execl, execv, execle, execlp, execvp, exect, environ ]
exect	execute a file	[ execl, execv, execle, execlp, execvp, exect, environ ]
execv	execute a file	[ execl, execv, execle, execlp, execvp, exect, environ ]
execvp	execute a file	[ execl, execv, execle, execlp, execvp, exect, environ ]
exit	terminate a process after flushing any pending output
fcvt	output conversion	[ ecvt, fcvt, gcvt ]
ffs	bit and byte string operations	[ bcopy, bcmp, bzero, ffs ]
fpathconf	get configurable pathname variables (POSIX)	[ pathconf, fpathconf ]
free	memory allocator	[ malloc, free, realloc, calloc, alloca ]
frexp	split into mantissa and exponent	[ frexp, ldexp, modf ]
ftime	get date and time	[ time, ftime ]
ftok	standard interprocess communication package
ftw	walk a file tree
gcvt	output conversion	[ ecvt, fcvt, gcvt ]
getcwd	get pathname of working directory
getenv	get value for environment name
getgrent	get group file entry	[ getgrent, getgrgid, getgrnam, setgrent, endgrent ]
getgrgid	get group file entry	[ getgrent, getgrgid, getgrnam, setgrent, endgrent ]
getgrnam	get group file entry	[ getgrent, getgrgid, getgrnam, setgrent, endgrent ]
getlogin	get login name
getmountent	get information about mounted file systems without blocking
getopt	get option letter from argument vector
getpass	read a password
getpw	get name from uid
getpwent	get password file entry	[ getpwent, getpwuid, getpwnam, setpwent, endpwent ]
getpwnam	get password file entry	[ getpwent, getpwuid, getpwnam, setpwent, endpwent ]
getpwuid	get password file entry	[ getpwent, getpwuid, getpwnam, setpwent, endpwent ]
getttyent	get ttys file entry	[ getttyent, getttynam, setttyent, endttyent ]
getttynam	get ttys file entry	[ getttyent, getttynam, setttyent, endttyent ]
getwd	get current working directory pathname
gmtime	convert date and time to string	[ ctime, localtime, gmtime, asctime, timezone, tzset ]
gtty	set and get terminal state	[ stty, gtty ]
hcreate	manage hash search tables	[ hsearch, hcreate, hdestroy ]
hdestroy	manage hash search tables	[ hsearch, hcreate, hdestroy ]
hsearch	manage hash search tables	[ hsearch, hcreate, hdestroy ]
index	string operations	[ strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok, index, rindex ]
initstate	better random number generator; routines for changing generators	[ random, srandom, initstate, setstate ]
insque	insert/remove element from a queue	[ insque, remque ]
intro	introduction to library functions
isalnum	character classification macros	[ isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, toascii ]
isalpha	character classification macros	[ isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, toascii ]
isascii	character classification macros	[ isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, toascii ]
isatty	find terminal name	[ ttyname, isatty, ttyslot ]
iscntrl	character classification macros	[ isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, toascii ]
isdigit	character classification macros	[ isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, toascii ]
isgraph	character classification macros	[ isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, toascii ]
islower	character classification macros	[ isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, toascii ]
isprint	character classification macros	[ isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, toascii ]
ispunct	character classification macros	[ isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, toascii ]
isspace	character classification macros	[ isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, toascii ]
isupper	character classification macros	[ isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, toascii ]
isxdigit	character classification macros	[ isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, toascii ]
jrand48	generate uniformly distributed pseudo-random numbers	[ drand48, erand48, lrand48, nrand48, mrand48, jrand48, srand48, seed48, lcong48 ]
l3tol	convert between 3-byte integers and long integers	[ l3tol, ltol3 ]
l64a	convert long integer and base-64 ASCII string	[ a64l, l64a ]
lcong48	generate uniformly distributed pseudo-random numbers	[ drand48, erand48, lrand48, nrand48, mrand48, jrand48, srand48, seed48, lcong48 ]
ldexp	split into mantissa and exponent	[ frexp, ldexp, modf ]
lfind	linear search and update	[ lsearch, lfind ]
localtime	convert date and time to string	[ ctime, localtime, gmtime, asctime, timezone, tzset ]
lockf	record locking on files
longjmp	nonlocal goto	[ setjmp, longjmp ]
lrand48	generate uniformly distributed pseudo-random numbers	[ drand48, erand48, lrand48, nrand48, mrand48, jrand48, srand48, seed48, lcong48 ]
lsearch	linear search and update	[ lsearch, lfind ]
ltol3	convert between 3-byte integers and long integers	[ l3tol, ltol3 ]
malloc	memory allocator	[ malloc, free, realloc, calloc, alloca ]
memccpy	memory operations	[ memccpy, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, memset ]
memchr	memory operations	[ memccpy, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, memset ]
memcmp	memory operations	[ memccpy, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, memset ]
memcpy	memory operations	[ memccpy, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, memset ]
memory	memory operations	[ memccpy, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, memset ]
memset	memory operations	[ memccpy, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, memset ]
mkfifo	make a FIFO special file
mktemp	make a unique file name
modf	split into mantissa and exponent	[ frexp, ldexp, modf ]
moncontrol	prepare execution profile	[ monitor, monstartup, moncontrol ]
monitor	prepare execution profile	[ monitor, monstartup, moncontrol ]
monstartup	prepare execution profile	[ monitor, monstartup, moncontrol ]
mrand48	generate uniformly distributed pseudo-random numbers	[ drand48, erand48, lrand48, nrand48, mrand48, jrand48, srand48, seed48, lcong48 ]
nice	set program priority
nlist	get entries from name list
nrand48	generate uniformly distributed pseudo-random numbers	[ drand48, erand48, lrand48, nrand48, mrand48, jrand48, srand48, seed48, lcong48 ]
opendir	directory operations	[ opendir, readdir, telldir, seekdir, rewinddir, closedir ]
openlog	control system log	[ syslog, openlog, closelog ]
pathconf	get configurable pathname variables (POSIX)	[ pathconf, fpathconf ]
pause	stop until signal
pclose	initiate I/O to/from a process	[ popen, pclose ]
perror	system error messages	[ perror, sys_errlist, sys_nerr ]
popen	initiate I/O to/from a process	[ popen, pclose ]
psignal	system signal messages	[ psignal, sys_siglist ]
putenv	change or add value to environment
putpwent	write password file entry
qsort	quicker sort
rand	random number generator	[ rand, srand ]
random	better random number generator; routines for changing generators	[ random, srandom, initstate, setstate ]
re_comp	regular expression handler	[ re_comp, re_exec ]
re_exec	regular expression handler	[ re_comp, re_exec ]
readdir	directory operations	[ opendir, readdir, telldir, seekdir, rewinddir, closedir ]
realloc	memory allocator	[ malloc, free, realloc, calloc, alloca ]
regex	regular expression handler	[ re_comp, re_exec ]
remque	insert/remove element from a queue	[ insque, remque ]
res_init	resolver routines	[ res_mkquery, res_send, res_init, dn_comp, dn_expand ]
res_mkquery	resolver routines	[ res_mkquery, res_send, res_init, dn_comp, dn_expand ]
res_send	resolver routines	[ res_mkquery, res_send, res_init, dn_comp, dn_expand ]
resolver	resolver routines	[ res_mkquery, res_send, res_init, dn_comp, dn_expand ]
rewinddir	directory operations	[ opendir, readdir, telldir, seekdir, rewinddir, closedir ]
rindex	string operations	[ strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok, index, rindex ]
scandir	scan a directory
seed48	generate uniformly distributed pseudo-random numbers	[ drand48, erand48, lrand48, nrand48, mrand48, jrand48, srand48, seed48, lcong48 ]
seekdir	directory operations	[ opendir, readdir, telldir, seekdir, rewinddir, closedir ]
setegid	set user and group ID	[ setuid, seteuid, setruid, setgid, setegid, setrgid ]
seteuid	set user and group ID	[ setuid, seteuid, setruid, setgid, setegid, setrgid ]
setgid	set user and group ID	[ setuid, seteuid, setruid, setgid, setegid, setrgid ]
setgrent	get group file entry	[ getgrent, getgrgid, getgrnam, setgrent, endgrent ]
setjmp	nonlocal goto	[ setjmp, longjmp ]
setpgid	set process group (POSIX)
setpwent	get password file entry	[ getpwent, getpwuid, getpwnam, setpwent, endpwent ]
setrgid	set user and group ID	[ setuid, seteuid, setruid, setgid, setegid, setrgid ]
setruid	set user and group ID	[ setuid, seteuid, setruid, setgid, setegid, setrgid ]
setstate	better random number generator; routines for changing generators	[ random, srandom, initstate, setstate ]
setttyent	get ttys file entry	[ getttyent, getttynam, setttyent, endttyent ]
setuid	set user and group ID	[ setuid, seteuid, setruid, setgid, setegid, setrgid ]
sigaction	software signal facilities (POSIX)
sigaddset	manipulate signal sets (POSIX)	[ sigemptyset, sigfillset, sigaddset, sigdelset, sigismember ]
sigdelset	manipulate signal sets (POSIX)	[ sigemptyset, sigfillset, sigaddset, sigdelset, sigismember ]
sigemptyset	manipulate signal sets (POSIX)	[ sigemptyset, sigfillset, sigaddset, sigdelset, sigismember ]
sigfillset	manipulate signal sets (POSIX)	[ sigemptyset, sigfillset, sigaddset, sigdelset, sigismember ]
siginterrupt	allow signals to interrupt system calls
sigismember	manipulate signal sets (POSIX)	[ sigemptyset, sigfillset, sigaddset, sigdelset, sigismember ]
signal	simplified software signal facilities
sigprocmask	examine and change blocked signals (POSIX)
sigsetops	manipulate signal sets (POSIX)	[ sigemptyset, sigfillset, sigaddset, sigdelset, sigismember ]
sigsuspend	wait for signal (POSIX)
sleep	suspend execution for interval
srand	random number generator	[ rand, srand ]
srand48	generate uniformly distributed pseudo-random numbers	[ drand48, erand48, lrand48, nrand48, mrand48, jrand48, srand48, seed48, lcong48 ]
srandom	better random number generator; routines for changing generators	[ random, srandom, initstate, setstate ]
statfs	get file system statistics
strcat	string operations	[ strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok, index, rindex ]
strchr	string operations	[ strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok, index, rindex ]
strcmp	string operations	[ strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok, index, rindex ]
strcpy	string operations	[ strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok, index, rindex ]
strcspn	string operations	[ strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok, index, rindex ]
string	string operations	[ strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok, index, rindex ]
strlen	string operations	[ strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok, index, rindex ]
strncat	string operations	[ strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok, index, rindex ]
strncmp	string operations	[ strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok, index, rindex ]
strncpy	string operations	[ strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok, index, rindex ]
strpbrk	string operations	[ strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok, index, rindex ]
strrchr	string operations	[ strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok, index, rindex ]
strspn	string operations	[ strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok, index, rindex ]
strtod	convert ASCII to numbers	[ atof, atoi, atol, strtol, strtod ]
strtok	string operations	[ strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok, index, rindex ]
strtol	convert ASCII to numbers	[ atof, atoi, atol, strtol, strtod ]
stty	set and get terminal state	[ stty, gtty ]
swab	swap bytes
sys_errlist	system error messages	[ perror, sys_errlist, sys_nerr ]
sys_nerr	system error messages	[ perror, sys_errlist, sys_nerr ]
sys_siglist	system signal messages	[ psignal, sys_siglist ]
sysconf	get configurable system variables (POSIX)
syslog	control system log	[ syslog, openlog, closelog ]
system	issue a shell command
tdelete	manage binary search trees	[ tsearch, tfind, tdelete, twalk ]
telldir	directory operations	[ opendir, readdir, telldir, seekdir, rewinddir, closedir ]
tfind	manage binary search trees	[ tsearch, tfind, tdelete, twalk ]
time	get date and time	[ time, ftime ]
times	get process times
timezone	convert date and time to string	[ ctime, localtime, gmtime, asctime, timezone, tzset ]
toascii	translate characters	[ toupper, tolower, _toupper, _tolower, toascii ]
tolower	translate characters	[ toupper, tolower, _toupper, _tolower, toascii ]
toupper	translate characters	[ toupper, tolower, _toupper, _tolower, toascii ]
tsearch	manage binary search trees	[ tsearch, tfind, tdelete, twalk ]
ttyname	find terminal name	[ ttyname, isatty, ttyslot ]
ttyslot	find terminal name	[ ttyname, isatty, ttyslot ]
twalk	manage binary search trees	[ tsearch, tfind, tdelete, twalk ]
tzset	convert date and time to string	[ ctime, localtime, gmtime, asctime, timezone, tzset ]
utime	set file times
valloc	aligned memory allocator
varargs	variable argument list
vlimit	control maximum system resource consumption
vtimes	get information about resource utilization

Section 3c

dial

establish an out-going terminal line connection

3cur. X/Open Curses Library (intro)

addch	add character to window	[ addch, waddch, mvaddch, mvwaddch ]
addstr	add string to window	[ addstr, waddstr, mvaddstr, mvwaddstr ]
attroff	attribute manipulation	[ attroff, attron, attrset, standend, standout, wstandend, wstandout, wattroff, wattron, wattrset ]
attron	attribute manipulation	[ attroff, attron, attrset, standend, standout, wstandend, wstandout, wattroff, wattron, wattrset ]
attrset	attribute manipulation	[ attroff, attron, attrset, standend, standout, wstandend, wstandout, wattroff, wattron, wattrset ]
baudrate	return terminal baudrate
beep	generate audiovisual alarm	[ beep, flash ]
box	draw box
cbreak	set/clear cbreak mode	[ cbreak, nocbreak ]
clear	clear window	[ clear, wclear ]
clearok	enable screen clearing
clrtobot	clear to end of screen	[ clrtobot, wclrtobot ]
clrtoeol	clear to end of line	[ clrtoeol, wclrtoeol ]
def_prog_mode	save terminal modes	[ def_prog_mode, def_shell_mode ]
def_shell_mode	save terminal modes	[ def_prog_mode, def_shell_mode ]
delay_output	cause short delay
delch	remove character from window	[ delch, mvdelch, mvwdelch, wdelch ]
deleteln	remove line from window	[ deleteln, wdeleteln ]
delwin	delete window
doupdate	do efficient refresh	[ wnoutrefresh, doupdate ]
draino	wait for output to drain
echo	enable/disable terminal echo	[ echo, noecho ]
endwin	restore initial terminal environment
erase	copy blanks into window	[ erase, werase ]
erasechar	return current ERASE character
flash	generate audiovisual alarm	[ beep, flash ]
flushinp	discard typeahead
getch	read character	[ getch, mvgetch, mvwgetch, wgetch ]
getstr	read string	[ getstr, mvgetstr, mvwgetstr, wgetstr ]
getyx	get cursor position
has_ic	determine whether insert/delete character available
has_il	determine whether insert/delete line is available
idlok	enable use of insert/delete line
inch	return character from window	[ inch, mvinch, mvwinch, winch ]
initscr	initialize terminal environment
insch	insert character	[ insch, mvinsch, mvwinsch, winsch ]
insertln	insert line	[ insertln, winsertln ]
intrflush	enable flush on interrupt
intro	introduction to the Curses Package, which optimizes terminal screen handling and updating
keypad	enable keypad
killchar	return current kill character
leaveok	enable non-tracking cursor
longname	return full terminal type name
meta	force the number of significant bits on input
move	move cursor in window	[ move, wmove ]
mvaddch	add character to window	[ addch, waddch, mvaddch, mvwaddch ]
mvaddstr	add string to window	[ addstr, waddstr, mvaddstr, mvwaddstr ]
mvcur	low-level cursor movement
mvdelch	remove character from window	[ delch, mvdelch, mvwdelch, wdelch ]
mvgetch	read character	[ getch, mvgetch, mvwgetch, wgetch ]
mvgetstr	read string	[ getstr, mvgetstr, mvwgetstr, wgetstr ]
mvinch	return character from window	[ inch, mvinch, mvwinch, winch ]
mvinsch	insert character	[ insch, mvinsch, mvwinsch, winsch ]
mvprintw	formatted write to a window	[ printw, mvprintw, mvwprintw, wprintw ]
mvscanw	formatted read from window	[ scanw, mvscanw, mvwscanw, wscanw ]
mvwaddch	add character to window	[ addch, waddch, mvaddch, mvwaddch ]
mvwaddstr	add string to window	[ addstr, waddstr, mvaddstr, mvwaddstr ]
mvwdelch	remove character from window	[ delch, mvdelch, mvwdelch, wdelch ]
mvwgetch	read character	[ getch, mvgetch, mvwgetch, wgetch ]
mvwgetstr	read string	[ getstr, mvgetstr, mvwgetstr, wgetstr ]
mvwin	move window
mvwinch	return character from window	[ inch, mvinch, mvwinch, winch ]
mvwinsch	insert character	[ insch, mvinsch, mvwinsch, winsch ]
mvwprintw	formatted write to a window	[ printw, mvprintw, mvwprintw, wprintw ]
mvwscanw	formatted read from window	[ scanw, mvscanw, mvwscanw, wscanw ]
napms	sleep
newpad	create new pad
newterm	open new terminal
newwin	create new window
nl	enable/disable newline control	[ nl, nonl ]
nocbreak	set/clear cbreak mode	[ cbreak, nocbreak ]
nodelay	disable block during read
noecho	enable/disable terminal echo	[ echo, noecho ]
nonl	enable/disable newline control	[ nl, nonl ]
noraw	enable/disable raw mode	[ raw, noraw ]
overlay	overlay windows	[ overlay, overwrite ]
overwrite	overlay windows	[ overlay, overwrite ]
pnoutrefresh	refresh pad	[ prefresh, pnoutrefresh ]
prefresh	refresh pad	[ prefresh, pnoutrefresh ]
printw	formatted write to a window	[ printw, mvprintw, mvwprintw, wprintw ]
putp	pad and output a string
raw	enable/disable raw mode	[ raw, noraw ]
refresh	refresh window	[ refresh, wrefresh ]
reset_prog_mode	restore terminal mode	[ reset_prog_mode, reset_shell_mode ]
reset_shell_mode	restore terminal mode	[ reset_prog_mode, reset_shell_mode ]
resetty	restore/save terminal modes	[ resetty, savetty ]
restartterm	restart terminal for curses application
savetty	restore/save terminal modes	[ resetty, savetty ]
scanw	formatted read from window	[ scanw, mvscanw, mvwscanw, wscanw ]
scroll	scroll window
scrollok	enable screen scrolling
set_term	switch between terminals
setscrreg	set scrolling region	[ setscrreg, wsetscrreg ]
setupterm	perform low level terminal setup
standend	attribute manipulation	[ attroff, attron, attrset, standend, standout, wstandend, wstandout, wattroff, wattron, wattrset ]
standout	attribute manipulation	[ attroff, attron, attrset, standend, standout, wstandend, wstandout, wattroff, wattron, wattrset ]
subwin	create subwindow
tgetent	emulate termcap for old programs	[ tgetent, tgetnum, tgoto, tgetstr, tgetflag ]
tgetflag	emulate termcap for old programs	[ tgetent, tgetnum, tgoto, tgetstr, tgetflag ]
tgetnum	emulate termcap for old programs	[ tgetent, tgetnum, tgoto, tgetstr, tgetflag ]
tgetstr	emulate termcap for old programs	[ tgetent, tgetnum, tgoto, tgetstr, tgetflag ]
tgoto	emulate termcap for old programs	[ tgetent, tgetnum, tgoto, tgetstr, tgetflag ]
touchwin	touch window
tparm	instantiate a string
tputs	pad and output string
traceoff	enable or disable debug trace output	[ traceon, traceoff ]
traceon	enable or disable debug trace output	[ traceon, traceoff ]
typeahead	check for typeahead
unctrl	convert character to printable form
vidattr	output a string that sets terminal display	[ vidattr, vidputs ]
vidputs	output a string that sets terminal display	[ vidattr, vidputs ]
waddch	add character to window	[ addch, waddch, mvaddch, mvwaddch ]
waddstr	add string to window	[ addstr, waddstr, mvaddstr, mvwaddstr ]
wattroff	attribute manipulation	[ attroff, attron, attrset, standend, standout, wstandend, wstandout, wattroff, wattron, wattrset ]
wattron	attribute manipulation	[ attroff, attron, attrset, standend, standout, wstandend, wstandout, wattroff, wattron, wattrset ]
wattrset	attribute manipulation	[ attroff, attron, attrset, standend, standout, wstandend, wstandout, wattroff, wattron, wattrset ]
wclear	clear window	[ clear, wclear ]
wclrtobot	clear to end of screen	[ clrtobot, wclrtobot ]
wclrtoeol	clear to end of line	[ clrtoeol, wclrtoeol ]
wdelch	remove character from window	[ delch, mvdelch, mvwdelch, wdelch ]
wdeleteln	remove line from window	[ deleteln, wdeleteln ]
werase	copy blanks into window	[ erase, werase ]
wgetch	read character	[ getch, mvgetch, mvwgetch, wgetch ]
wgetstr	read string	[ getstr, mvgetstr, mvwgetstr, wgetstr ]
winch	return character from window	[ inch, mvinch, mvwinch, winch ]
winsch	insert character	[ insch, mvinsch, mvwinsch, winsch ]
winsertln	insert line	[ insertln, winsertln ]
wmove	move cursor in window	[ move, wmove ]
wnoutrefresh	do efficient refresh	[ wnoutrefresh, doupdate ]
wprintw	formatted write to a window	[ printw, mvprintw, mvwprintw, wprintw ]
wrefresh	refresh window	[ refresh, wrefresh ]
wscanw	formatted read from window	[ scanw, mvscanw, mvwscanw, wscanw ]
wsetscrreg	set scrolling region	[ setscrreg, wsetscrreg ]
wstandend	attribute manipulation	[ attroff, attron, attrset, standend, standout, wstandend, wstandout, wattroff, wattron, wattrset ]
wstandout	attribute manipulation	[ attroff, attron, attrset, standend, standout, wstandend, wstandout, wattroff, wattron, wattrset ]

3f. FORTRAN Library (intro)

abort	terminate abruptly with memory image
access	determine accessibility of a file
alarm	execute a subroutine after a specified time
bessel	of two kinds for integer orders	[ bessel functions ]
bit	bitwise functions	[ bit, and, or, xor, not, rshift, lshift ]
chdir	change default directory
chmod	change mode of a file
etime	return elapsed execution time	[ etime, dtime ]
exit	terminate process with status
fdate	return date and time in an ASCII string
flmin	return extreme values	[ flmin, flmax, ffrac, dflmin, dflmax, dffrac, inmax ]
flush	flush output to a logical unit
fork	create a copy of this process
fseek	reposition a file on a logical unit	[ fseek, ftell ]
getarg	return command line arguments	[ getarg, iargc ]
getc	get a character from a logical unit	[ getc, fgetc ]
getcwd	get pathname of current working directory
getenv	get value of environment variables
getlog	get user’s login name
getpid	get process ID
getuid	get user or group ID of the caller	[ getuid, getgid ]
hostnm	get name of current host
idate	return date or time in numerical form	[ idate, itime ]
index	tell about character objects	[ index, rindex, lnblnk, len ]
intro	introduction to Fortran library functions
ioinit	change f77 I/O initialization
kill	send a signal to a process
link	make a link to an existing file	[ link, symlink ]
loc	return the address of an object
long	integer object conversion	[ long, short ]
perror	get system error messages	[ perror, gerror, ierrno ]
putc	write a character to a Fortran logical unit	[ putc, fputc ]
qsort	quick sort
rand	return random values	[ rand, drand, irand ]
rename	rename a file
signal	change the action for a signal
sleep	suspend execution for an interval
stat	get file status	[ stat, lstat, fstat ]
system	execute an ULTRIX command
time	return system time	[ time, ctime, ltime, gmtime ]
topen	f77 tape I/O	[ topen, tclose, tread, twrite, trewin, tskipf, tstate ]
traper	trap arithmetic errors
trapov	trap and repair floating point overflow
trpfpe	trap and repair floating point faults	[ trpfpe, fpecnt ]
ttynam	find name of a terminal port	[ ttynam, isatty ]
unlink	remove a directory entry
wait	wait for a process to terminate

3int. International Suboutines (intro)

catclose	open/close a message catalog	[ catopen, catclose ]
catgetmsg	get message from a message catalog
catgets	read a program message
catopen	open/close a message catalog	[ catopen, catclose ]
intro	introduction to internationalization subroutines
nl_fprintf	print formatted output	[ nl_printf, nl_fprintf, nl_sprintf ]
nl_fscanf	convert formatted input	[ nl_scanf, nl_fscanf, nl_sscanf ]
nl_langinfo	language information
nl_printf	print formatted output	[ nl_printf, nl_fprintf, nl_sprintf ]
nl_scanf	convert formatted input	[ nl_scanf, nl_fscanf, nl_sscanf ]
nl_sprintf	print formatted output	[ nl_printf, nl_fprintf, nl_sprintf ]
nl_sscanf	convert formatted input	[ nl_scanf, nl_fscanf, nl_sscanf ]
setlocale	set localization for internationalized program
strcoll	string collation comparison
strftime	convert time and date to string
strxfrm	string transformation

3m. Math Library (intro)

acos	trigonometric functions	[ sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan, atan2 ]
acosh	inverse hyperbolic functions	[ asinh, acosh, atanh ]
asin	trigonometric functions	[ sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan, atan2 ]
asinh	inverse hyperbolic functions	[ asinh, acosh, atanh ]
atan	trigonometric functions	[ sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan, atan2 ]
atan2	trigonometric functions	[ sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan, atan2 ]
atanh	inverse hyperbolic functions	[ asinh, acosh, atanh ]
bessel	bessel functions	[ j0, j1, jn, y0, y1, yn ]
cabs	Euclidean distance	[ hypot, cabs ]
ceil	absolute value, floor, ceiling, and round-to-nearest functions	[ fabs, floor, ceil, rint ]
cos	trigonometric functions	[ sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan, atan2 ]
cosh	hyperbolic functions	[ sinh, cosh, tanh ]
erf	error function and complementary error function	[ erf, erfc ]
erfc	error function and complementary error function	[ erf, erfc ]
exp	exponential, logarithm, power, square root	[ exp, expm1, log, log10, log1p, pow, sqrt ]
expm1	exponential, logarithm, power, square root	[ exp, expm1, log, log10, log1p, pow, sqrt ]
fabs	absolute value, floor, ceiling, and round-to-nearest functions	[ fabs, floor, ceil, rint ]
floor	absolute value, floor, ceiling, and round-to-nearest functions	[ fabs, floor, ceil, rint ]
gamma	log gamma function
hypot	Euclidean distance	[ hypot, cabs ]
intro	introduction to mathematical library functions
j0	bessel functions	[ j0, j1, jn, y0, y1, yn ]
j1	bessel functions	[ j0, j1, jn, y0, y1, yn ]
jn	bessel functions	[ j0, j1, jn, y0, y1, yn ]
log	exponential, logarithm, power, square root	[ exp, expm1, log, log10, log1p, pow, sqrt ]
log10	exponential, logarithm, power, square root	[ exp, expm1, log, log10, log1p, pow, sqrt ]
log1p	exponential, logarithm, power, square root	[ exp, expm1, log, log10, log1p, pow, sqrt ]
matherr	error-handling function for System V math library
pow	exponential, logarithm, power, square root	[ exp, expm1, log, log10, log1p, pow, sqrt ]
rint	absolute value, floor, ceiling, and round-to-nearest functions	[ fabs, floor, ceil, rint ]
sin	trigonometric functions	[ sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan, atan2 ]
sinh	hyperbolic functions	[ sinh, cosh, tanh ]
sqrt	exponential, logarithm, power, square root	[ exp, expm1, log, log10, log1p, pow, sqrt ]
tan	trigonometric functions	[ sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan, atan2 ]
tanh	hyperbolic functions	[ sinh, cosh, tanh ]
y0	bessel functions	[ j0, j1, jn, y0, y1, yn ]
y1	bessel functions	[ j0, j1, jn, y0, y1, yn ]
yn	bessel functions	[ j0, j1, jn, y0, y1, yn ]

3n. Network Support Libraries (intro)

byteorder	convert values between host and network byte order	[ htonl, htons, ntohl, ntohs ]
endhostent	get network host entry	[ gethostent, gethostbyaddr, gethostbyname, sethostent, endhostent ]
endnetent	get network entry	[ getnetent, getnetbyaddr, getnetbyname, setnetent, endnetent ]
endprotoent	get protocol entry	[ getprotoent, getprotobynumber, getprotobyname, setprotoent, endprotoent ]
endservent	get service entry	[ getservent, getservbyport, getservbyname, setservent, endservent ]
gethostbyaddr	get network host entry	[ gethostent, gethostbyaddr, gethostbyname, sethostent, endhostent ]
gethostbyname	get network host entry	[ gethostent, gethostbyaddr, gethostbyname, sethostent, endhostent ]
gethostent	get network host entry	[ gethostent, gethostbyaddr, gethostbyname, sethostent, endhostent ]
getnetbyaddr	get network entry	[ getnetent, getnetbyaddr, getnetbyname, setnetent, endnetent ]
getnetbyname	get network entry	[ getnetent, getnetbyaddr, getnetbyname, setnetent, endnetent ]
getnetent	get network entry	[ getnetent, getnetbyaddr, getnetbyname, setnetent, endnetent ]
getprotobyname	get protocol entry	[ getprotoent, getprotobynumber, getprotobyname, setprotoent, endprotoent ]
getprotobynumber	get protocol entry	[ getprotoent, getprotobynumber, getprotobyname, setprotoent, endprotoent ]
getprotoent	get protocol entry	[ getprotoent, getprotobynumber, getprotobyname, setprotoent, endprotoent ]
getservbyname	get service entry	[ getservent, getservbyport, getservbyname, setservent, endservent ]
getservbyport	get service entry	[ getservent, getservbyport, getservbyname, setservent, endservent ]
getservent	get service entry	[ getservent, getservbyport, getservbyname, setservent, endservent ]
htonl	convert values between host and network byte order	[ htonl, htons, ntohl, ntohs ]
htons	convert values between host and network byte order	[ htonl, htons, ntohl, ntohs ]
inet	Internet address manipulation routines	[ inet_addr, inet_network, inet_ntoa, inet_makeaddr, inet_lnaof, inet_netof ]
inet_addr	Internet address manipulation routines	[ inet_addr, inet_network, inet_ntoa, inet_makeaddr, inet_lnaof, inet_netof ]
inet_lnaof	Internet address manipulation routines	[ inet_addr, inet_network, inet_ntoa, inet_makeaddr, inet_lnaof, inet_netof ]
inet_makeaddr	Internet address manipulation routines	[ inet_addr, inet_network, inet_ntoa, inet_makeaddr, inet_lnaof, inet_netof ]
inet_netof	Internet address manipulation routines	[ inet_addr, inet_network, inet_ntoa, inet_makeaddr, inet_lnaof, inet_netof ]
inet_network	Internet address manipulation routines	[ inet_addr, inet_network, inet_ntoa, inet_makeaddr, inet_lnaof, inet_netof ]
inet_ntoa	Internet address manipulation routines	[ inet_addr, inet_network, inet_ntoa, inet_makeaddr, inet_lnaof, inet_netof ]
intro	introduction to network library functions
ntohl	convert values between host and network byte order	[ htonl, htons, ntohl, ntohs ]
ntohs	convert values between host and network byte order	[ htonl, htons, ntohl, ntohs ]
sethostent	get network host entry	[ gethostent, gethostbyaddr, gethostbyname, sethostent, endhostent ]
setnetent	get network entry	[ getnetent, getnetbyaddr, getnetbyname, setnetent, endnetent ]
setprotoent	get protocol entry	[ getprotoent, getprotobynumber, getprotobyname, setprotoent, endprotoent ]
setservent	get service entry	[ getservent, getservbyport, getservbyname, setservent, endservent ]

3s. Standard I/O Library (intro)

clearerr	stream status inquiries	[ ferror, feof, clearerr, fileno ]
ctermid	generate file name for terminal
cuserid	get character login name of the user
fclose	close or flush a stream	[ fclose, fflush ]
fdopen	open a stream	[ fopen, freopen, fdopen ]
feof	stream status inquiries	[ ferror, feof, clearerr, fileno ]
ferror	stream status inquiries	[ ferror, feof, clearerr, fileno ]
fflush	close or flush a stream	[ fclose, fflush ]
fgetc	get character or word from stream	[ getc, getchar, fgetc, getw ]
fgets	get a string from a stream	[ gets, fgets ]
fileno	stream status inquiries	[ ferror, feof, clearerr, fileno ]
fopen	open a stream	[ fopen, freopen, fdopen ]
fprintf	formatted output conversion	[ printf, fprintf, sprintf ]
fputc	put character or word on a stream	[ putc, putchar, fputc, putw ]
fputs	put a string on a stream	[ puts, fputs ]
fread	buffered binary input/output	[ fread, fwrite ]
freopen	open a stream	[ fopen, freopen, fdopen ]
fscanf	convert formatted input	[ scanf, fscanf, sscanf ]
fseek	reposition a file pointer in a stream	[ fseek, ftell, rewind ]
ftell	reposition a file pointer in a stream	[ fseek, ftell, rewind ]
fwrite	buffered binary input/output	[ fread, fwrite ]
getc	get character or word from stream	[ getc, getchar, fgetc, getw ]
getchar	get character or word from stream	[ getc, getchar, fgetc, getw ]
gets	get a string from a stream	[ gets, fgets ]
getw	get character or word from stream	[ getc, getchar, fgetc, getw ]
intro	standard buffered input/output package	[ stdio ]
printf	formatted output conversion	[ printf, fprintf, sprintf ]
putc	put character or word on a stream	[ putc, putchar, fputc, putw ]
putchar	put character or word on a stream	[ putc, putchar, fputc, putw ]
puts	put a string on a stream	[ puts, fputs ]
putw	put character or word on a stream	[ putc, putchar, fputc, putw ]
rewind	reposition a file pointer in a stream	[ fseek, ftell, rewind ]
scanf	convert formatted input	[ scanf, fscanf, sscanf ]
setbuf	assign buffering to a stream	[ setbuf, setbuffer, setlinebuf, setvbuf ]
setbuffer	assign buffering to a stream	[ setbuf, setbuffer, setlinebuf, setvbuf ]
setlinebuf	assign buffering to a stream	[ setbuf, setbuffer, setlinebuf, setvbuf ]
setvbuf	assign buffering to a stream	[ setbuf, setbuffer, setlinebuf, setvbuf ]
sprintf	formatted output conversion	[ printf, fprintf, sprintf ]
sscanf	convert formatted input	[ scanf, fscanf, sscanf ]
stdio	standard buffered input/output package
tempnam	create a name for a temporary file	[ tmpnam, tempnam ]
tmpfile	create a temporary file
tmpnam	create a name for a temporary file	[ tmpnam, tempnam ]
ungetc	push character back into input stream
vfprintf	print formatted output of a varargs argument list	[ vprintf, vfprintf, vsprintf ]
vprintf	print formatted output of a varargs argument list	[ vprintf, vfprintf, vsprintf ]
vsprintf	print formatted output of a varargs argument list	[ vprintf, vfprintf, vsprintf ]

3x. Miscellaneous Libraries (intro)

arc	graphics interface	[ openpl, erase, label, line, circle, arc, move, cont, point, linemod, space, closepl, box, color, dot ]
assert	program verification
calloc	fast main memory allocator	[ malloc, free, realloc, calloc, mallopt, mallinfo ]
circle	graphics interface	[ openpl, erase, label, line, circle, arc, move, cont, point, linemod, space, closepl, box, color, dot ]
closepl	graphics interface	[ openpl, erase, label, line, circle, arc, move, cont, point, linemod, space, closepl, box, color, dot ]
cont	graphics interface	[ openpl, erase, label, line, circle, arc, move, cont, point, linemod, space, closepl, box, color, dot ]
curses	screen functions with “optimal” cursor motion
dbm	data base subroutines	[ dbminit, fetch, store, delete, firstkey, nextkey ]
dbminit	data base subroutines	[ dbminit, fetch, store, delete, firstkey, nextkey ]
delete	data base subroutines	[ dbminit, fetch, store, delete, firstkey, nextkey ]
endfsent	get file system descriptor file entry	[ getfsent, getfsspec, getfsfile, getfstype, setfsent, endfsent ]
erase	graphics interface	[ openpl, erase, label, line, circle, arc, move, cont, point, linemod, space, closepl, box, color, dot ]
fetch	data base subroutines	[ dbminit, fetch, store, delete, firstkey, nextkey ]
firstkey	data base subroutines	[ dbminit, fetch, store, delete, firstkey, nextkey ]
free	fast main memory allocator	[ malloc, free, realloc, calloc, mallopt, mallinfo ]
getdiskbyname	get disk description by its name
getfsent	get file system descriptor file entry	[ getfsent, getfsspec, getfsfile, getfstype, setfsent, endfsent ]
getfsfile	get file system descriptor file entry	[ getfsent, getfsspec, getfsfile, getfstype, setfsent, endfsent ]
getfsspec	get file system descriptor file entry	[ getfsent, getfsspec, getfsfile, getfstype, setfsent, endfsent ]
getfstype	get file system descriptor file entry	[ getfsent, getfsspec, getfsfile, getfstype, setfsent, endfsent ]
initgroups	initialize group access list
intro	introduction to miscellaneous library functions
label	graphics interface	[ openpl, erase, label, line, circle, arc, move, cont, point, linemod, space, closepl, box, color, dot ]
lib2648	subroutines for the HP 2648 graphics terminal
line	graphics interface	[ openpl, erase, label, line, circle, arc, move, cont, point, linemod, space, closepl, box, color, dot ]
linemod	graphics interface	[ openpl, erase, label, line, circle, arc, move, cont, point, linemod, space, closepl, box, color, dot ]
mallinfo	fast main memory allocator	[ malloc, free, realloc, calloc, mallopt, mallinfo ]
malloc	fast main memory allocator	[ malloc, free, realloc, calloc, mallopt, mallinfo ]
mallopt	fast main memory allocator	[ malloc, free, realloc, calloc, mallopt, mallinfo ]
move	graphics interface	[ openpl, erase, label, line, circle, arc, move, cont, point, linemod, space, closepl, box, color, dot ]
nextkey	data base subroutines	[ dbminit, fetch, store, delete, firstkey, nextkey ]
openpl	graphics interface	[ openpl, erase, label, line, circle, arc, move, cont, point, linemod, space, closepl, box, color, dot ]
plot	graphics interface	[ openpl, erase, label, line, circle, arc, move, cont, point, linemod, space, closepl, box, color, dot ]
point	graphics interface	[ openpl, erase, label, line, circle, arc, move, cont, point, linemod, space, closepl, box, color, dot ]
rcmd	routines for returning a stream to a remote command	[ rcmd, rresvport, ruserok ]
realloc	fast main memory allocator	[ malloc, free, realloc, calloc, mallopt, mallinfo ]
rexec	return stream to a remote command
rresvport	routines for returning a stream to a remote command	[ rcmd, rresvport, ruserok ]
ruserok	routines for returning a stream to a remote command	[ rcmd, rresvport, ruserok ]
setfsent	get file system descriptor file entry	[ getfsent, getfsspec, getfsfile, getfstype, setfsent, endfsent ]
space	graphics interface	[ openpl, erase, label, line, circle, arc, move, cont, point, linemod, space, closepl, box, color, dot ]
store	data base subroutines	[ dbminit, fetch, store, delete, firstkey, nextkey ]
termcap	terminal independent operation routines	[ tgetent, tgetnum, tgetflag, tgetstr, tgoto, tputs ]
tgetent	terminal independent operation routines	[ tgetent, tgetnum, tgetflag, tgetstr, tgoto, tputs ]
tgetflag	terminal independent operation routines	[ tgetent, tgetnum, tgetflag, tgetstr, tgoto, tputs ]
tgetnum	terminal independent operation routines	[ tgetent, tgetnum, tgetflag, tgetstr, tgoto, tputs ]
tgetstr	terminal independent operation routines	[ tgetent, tgetnum, tgetflag, tgetstr, tgoto, tputs ]
tgoto	terminal independent operation routines	[ tgetent, tgetnum, tgetflag, tgetstr, tgoto, tputs ]
tputs	terminal independent operation routines	[ tgetent, tgetnum, tgetflag, tgetstr, tgoto, tputs ]

3yp. Yellow Pages (NIS) Library (intro)

endnetgrent	get network group entry	[ getnetgrent, setnetgrent, endnetgrent, innetgr ]
getnetgrent	get network group entry	[ getnetgrent, setnetgrent, endnetgrent, innetgr ]
innetgr	get network group entry	[ getnetgrent, setnetgrent, endnetgrent, innetgr ]
intro	introduction to Yellow Pages (YP) library functions
setnetgrent	get network group entry	[ getnetgrent, setnetgrent, endnetgrent, innetgr ]
yp_all	Yellow Pages client package	[ yp_get_default_domain, yp_bind, yp_unbind, yp_match, yp_first, yp_next, yp_all, yp_order, yp_master, yperr_string, ypprot_err ]
yp_bind	Yellow Pages client package	[ yp_get_default_domain, yp_bind, yp_unbind, yp_match, yp_first, yp_next, yp_all, yp_order, yp_master, yperr_string, ypprot_err ]
yp_first	Yellow Pages client package	[ yp_get_default_domain, yp_bind, yp_unbind, yp_match, yp_first, yp_next, yp_all, yp_order, yp_master, yperr_string, ypprot_err ]
yp_get_default_domain	Yellow Pages client package	[ yp_get_default_domain, yp_bind, yp_unbind, yp_match, yp_first, yp_next, yp_all, yp_order, yp_master, yperr_string, ypprot_err ]
yp_master	Yellow Pages client package	[ yp_get_default_domain, yp_bind, yp_unbind, yp_match, yp_first, yp_next, yp_all, yp_order, yp_master, yperr_string, ypprot_err ]
yp_match	Yellow Pages client package	[ yp_get_default_domain, yp_bind, yp_unbind, yp_match, yp_first, yp_next, yp_all, yp_order, yp_master, yperr_string, ypprot_err ]
yp_next	Yellow Pages client package	[ yp_get_default_domain, yp_bind, yp_unbind, yp_match, yp_first, yp_next, yp_all, yp_order, yp_master, yperr_string, ypprot_err ]
yp_order	Yellow Pages client package	[ yp_get_default_domain, yp_bind, yp_unbind, yp_match, yp_first, yp_next, yp_all, yp_order, yp_master, yperr_string, ypprot_err ]
yp_unbind	Yellow Pages client package	[ yp_get_default_domain, yp_bind, yp_unbind, yp_match, yp_first, yp_next, yp_all, yp_order, yp_master, yperr_string, ypprot_err ]
ypclnt	Yellow Pages client package	[ yp_get_default_domain, yp_bind, yp_unbind, yp_match, yp_first, yp_next, yp_all, yp_order, yp_master, yperr_string, ypprot_err ]
yperr_string	Yellow Pages client package	[ yp_get_default_domain, yp_bind, yp_unbind, yp_match, yp_first, yp_next, yp_all, yp_order, yp_master, yperr_string, ypprot_err ]
yppasswd	update user password in yellow pages password map.
ypprot_err	Yellow Pages client package	[ yp_get_default_domain, yp_bind, yp_unbind, yp_match, yp_first, yp_next, yp_all, yp_order, yp_master, yperr_string, ypprot_err ]

4. Special Files (intro)

acc	ACC LH/DH IMP interface
ad	Data Translation A/D converter
autoconf	diagnostics from the autoconfiguration code
bk	line discipline for machine-machine communication (obsolete)
cfl	RX01 console interface
console	console interface
crl	RL02 console interface
cs	RX50 console interface
css	DEC IMP-11A LH/DH IMP interface
ct	phototypesetter interface
ctu	TU58 console interface
cty	extra serial line interface
cxa	CXA16 communications interface
cxb	CXB16 communications interface
cxy	CXY08 communications interface
de	DEUNA/DELUA Ethernet interface
devio	device interface
dfa	DFA01 communications interface
dh	DH-11/DM-11 communications multiplexer
dhb	DHB32 communications multiplexor
dhq	DHQ11 communications interface
dhu	DHU11 communications interface
dhv	DHV11 communications interface
dkio	disk interface
dmb	DMB32 communications multiplexor
dmbsp	DMB32 serial printer interface
dmc	DMC11/DMR11 communications interface
dmf	DMF32 communications interface
dmfsp	DMF32 serial printer
dmv	DMV11 communications interface
dmz	DMZ32 communications interface
dn	DN-11 autocall unit interface
dpv	dpv data communications interface
drum	paging device
dup	BISYNC data communications interface
dz	DZ11/DZ32 communications interface
dzq	DZQ11 communications interface
dzv	DZV11 communications interface
ec	3Com 10 Mb/s Ethernet interface
en	Xerox 3 Mb/s Ethernet interface
errlog	error logging interface
hp	MASSBUS disk interface
hy	Network Systems Hyperchannel interface
ik	Ikonas frame buffer, graphics device interface
il	Interlan 10 Mb/s Ethernet interface
imp	1822 network interface
intro	introduction to special files and hardware support
kUmem	UNIBUS/Q-bus virtual memory interface
kg	KL-11/DL-11W line clock
kmem	virtual main memory image
la75of	LA75 dot matrix printer filter
lg02of	LG02 Matrix Line Printer
ln01of	LN01(S) laser printer filter
ln01pp	LN01(S) print filter
ln03of	LN03(S) laser printer filter
ln03rof	LN03R ASCII to PostScript translation filter
lo	loop network interface
lp	LP11 line printer interface
lpf	general purpose line printer filter
lpv	LPV11 parallel line printer
lqf	general purpose letter quality filter
lta	lta pseudoterminal interface
mem	physical main memory image
mtio	magnetic tape interface
mu	TM78/TU78/9 magnetic tape interface
nbuf	select multiple-buffer operation to a raw device
ni	BVP DEBNT/NI interface
null	data sink
pcl	DEC CSS PCL-11 B Network Interface
ps	Evans and Sutherland Picture System 2 graphics device interface
pty	pseudoterminal driver
qd	VCB02 (QDSS) video subsystem
qe	DEQNA/DELQA Ethernet interface
qv	VCB01 (QVSS) video subsystem
ra	MSCP disk interface
rb	IDC/RL02 disk interface
rd	RD31, RD32, RD53, RD54 Small VAX Winchester disks
rk	RK711/RK07 disk interface
rl	RL211/RL02 disk interface
rx	RX33/RX23 Small VAX floppy disk drive
scs	Systems Communications Services network interface.
sdc	RD31, RD32, RD53, RD54, RX33 Small VAX disk interface
se	DESVA Ethernet interface
sg	Small VAX color video subsystem
sh	Small VAX DHT32 serial line interface
sm	Small VAX monochrome video subsystem
ss	Small VAX serial line interface
stc	TZK50 (VAXstation TK50) magnetic tape interface
termio	System V terminal interface
termios	POSIX terminal interface
tm	TM-11/TE-10 magtape interface
tms	TMSCP magnetic tape interface
trace	system call tracing interface
ts	TS11/TS05/TU80 magnetic tape interface
tty	general terminal interface
tu	TM03/TE16/TU45/TU77 magnetic tape interface
un	Ungermann-Bass interface
up	unibus storage module controller/drives
urx	DEC RX02 floppy disk interface
ut	UNIBUS TU45 tri-density tape drive interface
uu	TU58/DECtape II UNIBUS cassette interface
va	Benson-Varian interface
vp	Versatec interface
vv	Proteon proNET 10 Megabit ring
xf	transparent filter

4f. Network Protocol Families

inet	Internet protocol family
pup	Xerox PUP-I protocol family

4n. Networking Facilities (intro)

intro	introduction to networking facilities	[ networking ]
networking	introduction to networking facilities

4p. Network Protocols

arp	Address Resolution Protocol
imp	IMP raw socket interface
ip	Internet Protocol
pup	raw PUP socket interface
tcp	Internet Transmission Control Protocol
udp	Internet User Datagram Protocol

5. File Formats (intro)

DDIF	Digital Document Interchange Format (DDIF) files
DDIS	Digital Data Interchange Syntax / ISO ASN.1 (DDIS/ASN.1) files
DOTS	Data Object Transport Syntax (DOTS) files
L-devices	devices used to connect to remote systems
L-dialcodes	dial code abbreviations
L.cmds	allowable remote execution commands
L.sys	information needed to connect to a system
USERFILE	defines uucp security
a.out	assembler and link editor output
acct	execution accounting file
acucap	Automatic call unit capabilities file
aliases	aliases file for sendmail
ar	archive (library) file format
backup	statd directory and file structures	[ statmon, current, backup, state ]
core	format of memory image file
cpio	format of cpio archive
crontab	clock daemon table file
current	statd directory and file structures	[ statmon, current, backup, state ]
dgateway	name of the intermediate host (DECnet gateway)
dir	format of directories
disktab	disk description file
dump	incremental dump format	[ dumprestor, dumpdates ]
dumpdates	incremental dump format	[ dumprestor, dumpdates ]
dumprestor	incremental dump format	[ dumprestor, dumpdates ]
elcsd.conf	error logging configuration file
fs	format of file system volume	[ fs, inode ]
fstab	file containing static information about known file systems
gettytab	terminal configuration data base
gfsi	The Generic File System Interface
group	group file
hosts	host name data base
inetd.conf	Internet daemon configuration data base
inode	format of file system volume	[ fs, inode ]
intro	introduction to file formats
ltf	labeled tape facility
mdtar	tape archive file format	[ tar, mdtar ]
netrc	Berknet information file (.netrc)
networks	network name data base
passwd	password file
phones	remote host phone number data base
plot	graphics interface
printcap	printer capability data base
protocols	protocol name data base
rcsfile	format of RCS file
remote	remote host description file
resolv.conf	resolver configuration file
resolver	resolver configuration file	[ resolv.conf ]
sccsfile	format of SCCS file
services	service name data base
sliphosts	information about Serial Line Internetcol Protocol hosts
stab	symbol table types
state	statd directory and file structures	[ statmon, current, backup, state ]
statmon	statd directory and file structures	[ statmon, current, backup, state ]
svcorder	designate the order and selection of services
tar	tape archive file format	[ tar, mdtar ]
term	terminal driving tables for nroff
termcap	terminal capability data base
tp	DEC/mag tape formats
trace	system call tracer device
ttys	terminal initialization data
types	primitive system data types
ufs	ULTRIX local file system
utmp	login records	[ utmp, wtmp ]
uuencode	format of an encoded uuencode file
vfont	font formats for the Benson-Varian or Versatec
vgrindefs	vgrind’s language definition data base
wtmp	login records	[ utmp, wtmp ]

5int. International File Formats

environ	NLS environment variables
lang	language names
nl_types	language support database data types
patterns	patterns for use with internationalization tools

5mh. RAND Message Handler File Formats

mh-alias	alias file for MH message system
mh-format	format file for MH message system
mh-mail	message format for MH message system
mh-tailor	system customization for MH message system
mh_profile	user customization for MH message system

5nfs. NFS File Formats

exports	defines NFS file systems to be exported
nfs	Network File System
rmtab	table of local file systems mounted by remote NFS clients

5yp. Yellow Pages (NIS) File Formats

group	group file in a Yellow Pages environment
hosts.equiv	list of trusted hosts
netgroup	list of network groups
passwd	password file description with the Yellow Pages service implemented
ypfiles	Yellow Pages data base and directory structure

6. Games and Demos

aardvark	yet another exploration game
adventure	an exploration game
arithmetic	provide drill in number facts
backgammon	the game
banner	print large banner on printer
bcd	convert to antique media
boggle	play the game of boggle
canfield	the solitaire card game canfield	[ canfield, cfscores ]
chess	the game of chess
ching	the book of changes and other cookies
cribbage	the card game cribbage
doctor	interact with a psychoanalyst
fish	play the card game Fish
fortune	print a random, hopefully interesting, adage
hangman	Computer version of the game hangman
mille	play Mille Bournes
monop	Monopoly game
number	convert Arabic numerals to English
quiz	test your knowledge
rain	animated raindrops display
rogue	Exploring The Dungeons of Doom
snake	display chase game	[ snake, snscore ]
trek	trekkie game
worm	Play the growing worm game
worms	animate worms on a display terminal
wump	the game of hunt-the-wumpus
zork	the game of dungeon

7. Miscellaneous Facilities (intro)

ascii	map of ASCII character set
environ	user environment
eqnchar	special character definitions for eqn
hier	file system hierarchy
intro	miscellaneous useful information pages
mailaddr	mail addressing description
man	macros to typeset manual
me	macros for formatting papers
ms	text formatting macros
term	conventional names for terminals
time	time a command

8. Maintenance Procedures (intro)

2780d	IBM 2780/3780 RJE emulator daemon
MAKEDEV	makes system special files
MAKEHOSTS	make symbolic links to hosts
ac	login accounting
accton	print process accounting statistics	[ sa, accton ]
addgroup	add and remove user accounts	[ adduser, removeuser, addgroup ]
addnode	add or change an entry in the nodes database
adduser	add and remove user accounts	[ adduser, removeuser, addgroup ]
arcv	convert archives to new format
bad144	read/write dec standard 144 bad sector information
badsect	create files to contain bad sectors
bindsetup	set up the Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND) service
catman	create the cat files for the manual
ccr	remote console carrier requester
chown	change owner
chpt	change a disk partition table
clri	clear inodes
cmx	generic communication exerciser
config	build system configuration files
cron	clock daemon
dcheck	check directory consistency
dgated	Provide daemon login service via Decnet
diskpart	calculate default disk partition sizes
dms	diskless management services utility
doconfig	a program to aid system configuration
drtest	standalone disk test program
dskx	generic disk exerciser
dump	create file system dump
dumpfs	dump file system information
edquota	edit user quotas
elcsd	error logging daemon
eli	error log initialization program
fsck	check and repair file system
fsx	file system exerciser
fverify	verify software subsets
getnode	display one or more entries from the nodes database
getty	set terminal mode
halt	stop the processor
htable	convert NIC standard format host tables
icheck	check inode consistency
init	process control initialization
intro	introduction to system maintenance and operation commands
kgmon	generate a dump of the operating system’s profile buffers
lcp	Local Area Transport server (LAT) control program
load	down-line load software to a target node
lpc	line printer control program
lpd	line printer daemon
lprsetup	line printer spooler set up program
lpx	line printer exerciser
makekey	generate encryption key
memx	memory exerciser
mkconsole	a program to build or update boot console command files
mkfs	construct a file system
mklost+found	make a lost+found directory for fsck
mknod	make special file
mkproto	construct a prototype file system
mop_mom	MOP down-line/up-line load listener
mount	mount or unmount file systems	[ mount, umount ]
mtx	Generic Magtape Exerciser
named	Internet domain name server daemon
ncheck	generate names from i-numbers
netsetup	network set up program
netx	TCP/IP net exerciser
newfs	construct a new file system
opser	interactive program for system maintenance
pac	printer/plotter accounting information
ping	send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts
pstat	print system facts
quot	summarize file system ownership
quotacheck	file system quota consistency checker
quotaoff	turn file system quotas on and off	[ quotaon, quotaoff ]
quotaon	turn file system quotas on and off	[ quotaon, quotaoff ]
radisk	DSA disk maintenance
rc	command script for auto-reboot and daemons
rdt	read diagnostic tape
reboot	automatic reboot procedures
remnode	remove one or more entries from the nodes database
removeuser	add and remove user accounts	[ adduser, removeuser, addgroup ]
renice	alter priority of running processes
repquota	summarize quotas for a file system
restore	incremental file system restore
ris	remote installation services utility
sa	print process accounting statistics	[ sa, accton ]
savecore	save a core dump of the operating system
sendmail	send mail over the internet
setld	system software subset utility
shmx	shared memory exerciser
shutdown	close down the system at a given time
sizer	a program that sizes system hardware
snapcopy	copy VAX 8600/8650 snapshot files
sticky	executable files with persistent text
swapon	specify additional device for paging and swapping
syscript	dialogue for running system exercisers
syslog	log systems messages
trigger	trigger a target node to request a down-line load
tunefs	tune up an existing file system
uerf	ULTRIX error report formatter
umount	mount or unmount file systems	[ mount, umount ]
update	periodically update the super block
uucico	uucp file transfer daemon
uucpsetup	uucp set up program
vipw	edit the password file

8c. Network Services

arp	address resolution display and control
comsat	biff server
fingerd	remote user information server
ftpd	DARPA Internet File Transfer Protocol server
gettable	get NIC format host tables from a host
ifconfig	configure network interface parameters
implog	IMP log interpreter
implogd	IMP logger process
inetd	internet service daemon
lockd	network lock daemon
miscd	miscellaneous services daemon
ntalkd	remote user communication server
rdate	network date client
rdump	file system dump across the network
rexecd	remote execution server
rlogind	remote login server
rmt	remote mass storage device protocol module
route	manually manipulate the routing tables
routed	network routing daemon
rrestore	restore a file system dump across the network
rshd	remote shell server
rwalld	network rwall server
rwhod	system status server
setifaddr	set network interface address
slattach	attach serial lines
statd	network status monitor daemon
talkd	inter-terminal communications server
telnetd	DARPA TELNET protocol server
tftpd	DARPA Trivial File Transfer Protocol server
trpt	transliterate protocol trace
uuaids	uucp utilities	[ uucompact, uumkspool, uurespool, uupoll ]
uuclean	uucp spool directory clean-up
uucompact	uucp utilities	[ uucompact, uumkspool, uurespool, uupoll ]
uumkspool	uucp utilities	[ uucompact, uumkspool, uurespool, uupoll ]
uumonitor	monitor the UUCP system
uupoll	uucp utilities	[ uucompact, uumkspool, uurespool, uupoll ]
uurespool	uucp utilities	[ uucompact, uumkspool, uurespool, uupoll ]

8mh. RAND Mail Handler Maintenance Commands

ap	parse addresses RFC 822-style
conflict	search for alias/password conflicts
dp	parse dates RFC 822-style
install-mh	initialize the MH environment
post	deliver a message

8nfs. NFS Services

biod	Start NFS asynchronous block I/O daemons
fsirand	install random inode generation numbers
mount	mount and unmount a Network File System (NFS)	[ mount, umount ]
mountd	NFS mount request daemon
nfsd	NFS server daemon
nfsportmon	turn on or off the port monitor
nfssetlock	turn on or off the NFS locking service
nfssetup	set up the network file system (NFS)
nfsstat	display Network File System statistics
portmap	DARPA internet port to RPC program number mapper
rpcinfo	report RPC information
showmount	show remotely-mounted file systems
umount	mount and unmount a Network File System (NFS)	[ mount, umount ]

8ufs. UFS Maintenance Commands

mount

mount the local ULTRIX File System (UFS)

8v. Maintenance Procedures

arff	archiver for RT-11 format devices
crash	what happens when the system crashes
flcopy	copier for floppy
format	how to format disk packs
rxformat	format floppy disks

8yp. Yellow Pages (NIS) Maintenance Commands

makedbm	make a Yellow Pages dbm file
ypmake	rebuild yellow pages database using the make command
yppasswdd	server daemon for modifying the Yellow Pages password file
yppoll	determine which version of a YP map is at a master YP server host.
yppush	force propagation of a changed YP map
ypserv	Yellow Pages server and binder processes
ypsetup	set up the Yellow Pages (YP) environment
ypxfr	transfer a YP map from a YP server to the local host.

Museum

Anchors

Manual — Ultrix WS-2.0/VAX