NAME

arff − archiver for RT-11 format devices

SYNTAX

/etc/arff key

DESCRIPTION

The arff command manipulates RT-11 formatted devices, such as the console media on VAX computers, or RT-11 formatted device images stored as a file on your ULTRIX system. The key argument is a single letter, possibly followed by one or more letters. Possible values for key follow:

Keys

dName files to be deleted from the RT-11 device.  Note that protected files cannot be deleted.  Wild cards are available with this function.  At least one RT-11 file name or wild card specification must be given. 

iThe RT-11 device is initialized.  The RT-11 device home block and directory segments are rewritten.  This effectively deletes all files on the RT-11 device. 

Exactly one argument must be given instead of a file name.  This argument is a comma-separated list of parameters to use in initializing the device:

1.The first parameter is the device size in blocks (8 to 65535); this parameter must be given. 

2.The second parameter is the directory size in segments (1 to 31); this parameter may be omitted. 

3.The third parameter is the volume identification (1 to 12 characters); this parameter may be omitted. 

4.The fourth parameter is the volume owner (1 to 12 characters);  this parameter may be omitted. 

5.The fifth parameter is the number of extra words per directory entry (0 to 500); this parameter may be omitted. 

Parameters may be omitted by not placing a value between the separating commas.  Trailing commas need not be provided. 

The default value for the number of directory segments depends on the specified device size.  For sizes up to 640 blocks, 1 directory segment is assumed;  for 641 to 1280 blocks, 2 segments; 1281 to 2560 blocks, 4 segments; 2561 to 5120 blocks, 8 segments; 5121 to 10240 blocks, 16 segments; and 10241 or more blocks, 31 segments.  This approximates, but does not duplicate, the RT-11 defaults. 

The default value for the volume identification is RT11A; for the volume owner, blanks;  and for the number of extra words per directory segment, 0.  The “system identification” in the home block is set to "DEC ULTRIX"; this cannot be changed by command options. 

pThe named files are protected against deletion.  Wild cards are available with this function.  If no RT-11 file names or wild card specifications are given, all files on the RT-11 device are protected against deletion. 

rThe key-arguments name files to be replaced on the RT-11 device.  If the named files do not exist on the RT-11 device, they are added to the RT-11 device.  Wild cards are not available with this function. 

tThe key-arguments name files to be listed.  Wild cards are available with this function.  If no RT-11 file names or wild card specifications are given, all files on the RT-11 device are listed. 

uThe key-arguments name files to be made unprotected against deletion.  Wild cards are available with this function.  If no RT-11 file names or wild card specifications are given, all files on the RT-11 device are protected against deletion. 

xThe key-arguments name files to be extracted from the RT-11 device.  Wild cards are available with this function.  If no RT-11 file names or wild card specifications are given, all files on the RT-11 device are extracted into the current working directory. 

bA boot block is written to an RT-11 device. Currently this works on VAX 8600 media only.  The key-arguments name the monitor program file and the device handler program file, in that order. The default files if no key-arguments are specified are rt11fb.sys and dl.sys.  The monitor program file and the device handler file are first extracted from the RT-11 device and a boot block is constructed.  The default or named files will not be extracted if the “n” (no extract) modifier is given. 

Key Modifiers

The key-modifier letters and their effects are:

cCreate new directory.  This modifier indicates that a new (one-segment) directory is to be created on the RT-11 device.  This modifier may be specified only with the r (replace) function.  The home block is not modified, and, if corrupt, will remain corrupt. 

fFile name.  This modifier indicates that the first file name specified in the command is the name of a native file which contains an RT-11 device image.  This file is used rather than the default of /dev/bootdev (the real device name should be linked to this).  This modifier may be specified with any function. 

hHome block corrupt.  This modifier indicates that the home block of the RT-11 volume is known to be corrupt.  Directory information contained in the home block is ignored in favor of usually valid assumptions.  This modifier may be necessary when dealing with RT-11 format volumes created by the arff program supplied with 4.2bsd and ULTRIX-32 version 1.0. 

Note that if the home block is noticed to be corrupt and this modifier is not given, a warning message is issued and this modifier is assumed. 

mNo sector mapping.  This modifier indicates that the device driver mapping is to be used.  If this modifier is not given on ULTRIX-32 systems, the RX01 mapping used by the Digital proprietary operating systems is applied to the RT-11 device image.  This modifier should not be specified when the RT-11 device image is the VAX-11/780 or VAX-11/785  RX01 diskette or a physical image thereof, and should be specified in all other cases.  On operating system other than ULTRIX-32, this modifier is assumed and its specification has no effect.  This modifier may be specified with any function. 

pPrintable files.  This modifier indicates that the files transferred to and from the RT-11 device are printable text files.  When extracted from the RT-11 device, NUL characters are deleted and CR LF sequences are replaced by newline.  When replaced into the RT-11 device, newline is replaced by CR LF sequences.  When this modifier is not specified, trailing NUL characters are deleted on extraction, and sufficient NUL characters to fill out a block are appended on replacement.  This modifier may be specified only with the r (replace) and x (extract) functions. 

vVerbose.  When specified with the t (list) function, the listing produced is that which would be produced by the RT-11 command

DIRECTORY /FULL /POSITION /VOLUME /COLUMNS:2

rather than the RT-11 command

DIRECTORY /BRIEF /COLUMNS:6

When specified with the i (initialize) function, the volume parameters specified and implied by the defaulting rules are written to the standard output.  When specified with the r (replace), x (extract), d (delete), p (protect), or u (unprotect) functions, the names of the files affected are listed on the standard output as they are processed. 

nNo extract.  Do not extract the monitor program and the handler code from the RT-11 device prior to writing a boot block. Used only on vax 8600 RT-11 device and with the “b” option given above. 

File Names

Most of the functions take a list of file names specifying the files upon which the functions are to be performed.  RT-11 file names may be specified in three formats:

RT-11 file names
These consist of one to six characters followed by a period followed by zero to three characters. The characters must be in the set A-Z, 0-9, and dollar sign. The characters before the period are known as the filename; the characters before the period are known as the extension.

RT-11 wild card specifications
These consist of zero to six characters optionally followed by a period optionally followed by one to three characters. The characters must be in the set A-Z, 0-9, dollar sign, percent sign, and asterisk. Percent sign will match any single character in the RT-11 file names on the RT-11 volume;  asterisk will match zero or more characters in the RT-11 file names on the RT-11 volume. An RT-11 wild card specification may be distinguished from an RT-11 file name by the lack of a filename, the lack of a period and extension, or the use of at least one * or % wild card character. A null filename is equivalent to *. No string is equivalent to *.*.

Native file names
These consist of one or more characters optionally followed by a period optionally followed by one or more characters. If no period appears, the file name must be at least seven characters long. Native file names generate RT-11 file names as follows: If there is no period or if there are at least seven characters before the first period, the filename is the first six characters and the extension is up to the next three characters, terminated by the end of the native file name or the appearance of a period. If there are one to six characters before the first period, the filename is those characters and the extension is up to the next three characters, terminated by the end of the native file name or the appearance of another period.

In any format, path information may be prepended. 

When native file names are generated (for the extract function), the form of the generated file name depends upon the file name argument specified.  All prepended path information is present verbatim.  If the argument is an RT-11 wild card specification, the last component of the full path name is the lowercase equivalent of the RT-11 file name.  Otherwise, the last component of the full path name is exactly that specified in the argument, with uppercase and lowercase intact.  Thus, /usr/include/ as an argument to the extract function would extract all files on the RT-11 device (a null specification is equivalent to the *.* wild card), and store them in the directory /usr/include with file names the lowercase equivalent of the RT-11 file names;  but /usr/include/Makefile as an argument to the extract function would extract the RT-11 file MAKEFI.LE and store it as /usr/include/Makefile.

EXAMPLES

The following example produces a full listing of the files on the RT-11 device image in the file “device_image”. 

arff tvf device_image

The following example produces a short listing of the files with extension “C” on the RT-11 device image in the file “device_image”.

arff tf device_image .c

The following example extracts the file FILENAME.C from the RT-11 device at the standard place and places it in the file /usr/users/kmd/FILENAME.C (with upper case).

arff x /usr/users/kmd/FILENAME.C

The following example protects all files on the RT-11 device at the standard place against deletion.

arff p

The following example unprotects all files on the RT-11 device at the standard place with extension “OBJ” against deletion, and notes each file so unprotected on the standard output.

arff uv .obj

The following example causes an error message.

arff d

The following example initializes the file test_device to be an RT-11 device image with two directory segments, 494 total blocks, and one extra word per directory entry.

arff ivf test_device 494,2,,,1

The following example extracts the files rt11fb.sys and dl.sys from the RT-11 device, constructs a boot block, and writes the boot block back to the device.

arff bm

The following example uses the files rt11a.sys and dd.sys to contruct a boot block for an RT-11 device. This boot block is then written to the device.

arff bnm rt11a.sys dd.sys

FILES

/tmp/arff*RT-11 file image for the “replace” function.