Manual — Ultrix 2.0

Section ---

((exception)) spmsintro.n

1. Commands (intro)

2780e	spooler for the IBM 2780 emulator
3780e	spooler for the IBM 3780 emulator
adb	debugger
addbib	create or extend bibliographic database
admin	create and administer SCCS files
apl	apl interpreter
aplcvt	convert APL workspaces between PDP-11 and VAX formats
apply	apply a command to a set of arguments
apropos	locate commands by keyword lookup
ar	archive and library maintainer
as	VAX-11 assembler
at	execute commands at a later time
awk	pattern scanning and processing language
basename	strip filename affixes
bc	arbitrary-precision arithmetic language
bdiff	big diff
bib	bibliographic formatter listrefs − list bibliographic reference items
biff	be notified if mail arrives and who it is from
binmail	send or receive mail among users
cal	print calendar
calendar	reminder service
cat	concatenate and print
cb	C program beautifier
cc	C compiler
cd	change working directory
cdc	change the delta commentary of an SCCS delta
cflow	generate C flow graph
checknews	check to see if user has news
checknr	check nroff/troff files
chfn	change finger entry
chgrp	change group
chmod	change mode
chsh	change default login shell
ci	check in RCS revisions
clear	clear terminal screen
cmp	compare two files
co	check out RCS revisions
col	filter reverse line feeds
colcrt	filter nroff output for CRT previewing
colrm	remove columns from a file
comb	combine SCCS deltas
comm	select or reject lines common to two sorted files
compact	compress and uncompress files, and cat them	[ compact, uncompact, ccat ]
courier	Courier remote procedure call compiler
cp	copy
cpio	copy file archives in and out
cpm	read and write CP/M® floppy disks
csh	a shell (command interpreter) with C-like syntax
ctags	create a tags file
ctrace	C program debugger
cut	cut out selected fields of each line of a file
cxref	generate C program cross reference
date	print and set the date
dbx	debugger
dc	desk calculator
dd	convert and copy a file
delta	make a delta (change) to anSCCS file
deroff	remove nroff, troff, tbl and eqn constructs
df	display free and used disk space
diction	print wordy sentences; thesaurus for diction	[ diction, explain ]
diff	differential file and directory comparator
diff3	3-way differential file comparison
diffmk	mark differences between files
du	summarize disk usage
echo	echo arguments
ed	text editor	[ ed, red ]
edit	text editor	[ ex, edit ]
efl	Extended Fortran Language
egrep	search a file for a pattern	[ grep, egrep, fgrep ]
eqn	typeset mathematics	[ eqn, neqn, checkeq ]
error	analyze and disperse compiler error messages
ex	text editor	[ ex, edit ]
expand	expand tabs to spaces, and vice versa	[ expand, unexpand ]
expr	evaluate arguments as an expression
eyacc	modified yacc allowing much improved error recovery
f77	Fortran 77 compiler
fed	font editor
fgrep	search a file for a pattern	[ grep, egrep, fgrep ]
file	determine file type
find	find files
finger	user information lookup program
fmt	simple text formatter
fold	fold long lines for finite width output device
fp	Functional Programming language compiler/interpreter
fpr	print Fortran file
from	identifies sender of mail
fsplit	split a multi-routine Fortran file into individual files
gcore	get core images of running processes
get	get a version of an SCCS file
gprof	display call graph profile data
grep	search a file for a pattern	[ grep, egrep, fgrep ]
groups	show group memberships
head	give first few lines
help	tips on getting started with ULTRIX
hostid	set or print identifier of current host system
hostname	set or print name of current host system
iconc	compile and link Icon programs
icont	translate Icon programs for interpretive execution
ident	identify files
indent	indent and format C program source
indxbib	build inverted index for a bibliography, find references in a bibliography	[ indxbib, lookbib ]
inews	submit news articles
install	install binaries
intro	introduction to commands
invert	create and access an inverted index	[ invert, lookup ]
iostat	report I/O statistics
ipcrm	remove a message queue, semaphore set or shared memory identifier
ipcs	report inter-process communication facilities status
join	relational database operator
jot	print sequential or random data
kill	send a signal to a process
lam	laminate files
last	indicate last logins of users and teletypes
lastcomm	show last commands executed in reverse order
ld	link editor
learn	computer aided instruction about UNIX
leave	remind you when you have to leave
lex	generator of lexical analysis programs
lint	a C program verifier
lisp	lisp interpreter
liszt	compile a Franz Lisp program
lk	link editor
ln	make links
lock	reserve a terminal
login	sign on
look	find lines in a sorted list
lookbib	build inverted index for a bibliography, find references in a bibliography	[ indxbib, lookbib ]
lorder	find ordering relation for an object library
lpq	spool queue examination program
lpr	off line print
lprm	remove jobs from the line printer spooling queue
ls	list contents of directory
ltf	labeled tape facility
lxref	lisp cross reference program
m4	macro processor
mail	send and receive mail
make	maintain program groups
man	find manual information by keywords; print out the manual
mdtar	multiple diskette archiver
merge	three-way file merge
mesg	permit or deny messages
mkdir	make a directory
mkstr	create an error message file by massaging C source
mod	Modula-2 compiler
more	file perusal filter for crt viewing	[ more, page ]
msgs	system messages and junk mail program
mt	magnetic tape operation
mv	move or rename files
netstat	show network status
newaliases	rebuild the data base for the mail aliases file
nice	run a command at low priority (Bourne shell only)	[ nice, nohup ]
nm	print name list
nohup	run a command at low priority (Bourne shell only)	[ nice, nohup ]
notes	a news system	[ notes, autoseq, nfpipe, nfprint, nfstats ]
nroff	text formatting
od	octal, decimal, hex, ascii dump
page	file perusal filter for crt viewing	[ more, page ]
pagesize	print system page size
passwd	change login password
paste	merge same lines of several files or subsequent lines of one file
pc	Pascal compiler
pdx	pascal debugger
pi	Pascal interpreter code translator
pix	Pascal interpreter and executor
pmerge	pascal file merger
postnews	submit news articles
pr	print file
print	pr to the line printer
printenv	print out the environment
prmail	print out mail in the post office
prof	display profile data
prs	print an SCCS file
ps	process status
pti	phototypesetter interpreter
ptoc	Pascal to C language translator
ptx	permuted index
pwd	working directory name
px	Pascal interpreter
pxp	Pascal execution profiler
pxref	Pascal cross-reference program
quota	display disc usage and limits
ranlib	convert archives to random libraries
ratfor	rational Fortran dialect
rcs	change RCS file attributes
rcsdiff	compare RCS revisions
rcsintro	introduction to RCS commands
rcsmerge	merge RCS revisions
readnews	read news articles
red	text editor	[ ed, red ]
refer	find and insert literature references in documents
reset	reset the teletype bits to a sensible state
rev	reverse lines of a file
rlog	print log messages and other information about RCS files
rm	remove (unlink) files or directories	[ rm, rmdir ]
rmail	handle remote mail received via uucp
rmdel	remove a delta from an SCCS file
roffbib	run off bibliographic database
rs	reshape a data array
s5make	maintain, update, and regenerate groups of programs	[ make ]
sccs	source code control system preprocessor
sccsdiff	compare two versions of an SCCS file
sccshelp	ask for help with sccs
script	make typescript of terminal session
sed	stream editor
sh	command language	[ sh, for, case, if, while, :, ., break, continue, cd, eval, exec, exit, export, login, read, readonly, set, shift, times, trap, umask, wait ]
sh5	shell, the standard/restricted command programming language	[ sh5, rsh5 ]
size	size of an object file
sleep	suspend execution for an interval
soelim	eliminate nroff source directives from nroff input
sort	sort or merge files
sortbib	sort bibliographic database
spell	find spelling errors	[ spell, spellin, spellout ]
spellin	find spelling errors	[ spell, spellin, spellout ]
spellout	find spelling errors	[ spell, spellin, spellout ]
split	split a file into pieces
strings	find the printable strings in a object, or other binary, file
strip	remove symbols and relocation bits
struct	structure Fortran programs
stty	set terminal options
style	analyze surface characteristics of a document
su	substitute user id temporarily
sum	sum and count blocks in a file
symorder	rearrange name list
sync	update the super block
sysline	display system status on status line of a terminal
tabs	set terminal tabs
tail	deliver the last part of a file
talk	talk to another user
tar	tape archiver
tbl	format tables for nroff or troff
tc	photoypesetter simulator
tee	pipe fitting
test	condition command
time	time a command
tk	paginator for the Tektronix 4014
touch	update date last modified of a file
tp	manipulate tape archive
tr	translate characters
trace	trace system calls of programs
trman	translate version 6 manual macros to version 7 macros
troff	text formatting and typesetting	[ troff, nroff ]
true	provide truth values	[ true, false ]
tset	terminal dependent initialization
tsort	topological sort
tty	get terminal name
ul	do underlining
uncompact	compress and uncompress files, and cat them	[ compact, uncompact, ccat ]
unexpand	expand tabs to spaces, and vice versa	[ expand, unexpand ]
unget	undo a previous get of an SCCS file
uniq	report repeated lines in a file
units	conversion program
uptime	show how long system has been up
users	compact list of users who are on the system
val	validate SCCS file
vc	version control
vcc	VAX C compiler
vfontinfo	inspect and print out information about UNIX fonts
vgrind	grind nice listings of programs
vi	screen oriented (visual) display editor based on ex
vlp	Format Lisp programs to be printed with nroff, vtroff, or troff
vmstat	report virtual memory statistics
vpr	raster printer/plotter spooler	[ vpr, vprm, vpq, vprint ]
vtroff	troff to a raster plotter
vwidth	make troff width table for a font
w	who is on and what they are doing
wait	await completion of process
wall	write to all users
wc	word count
what	identify SCCS files
whatis	describe what a command is
whereis	locate source, binary, and or manual for program
which	locate a program file including aliases and paths (C shell only)
who	who is on the system
whoami	print effective current user id
write	write to another user
xed	eXtended text EDitor − V7.15
xstr	extract strings from C programs to implement shared strings
yacc	yet another compiler-compiler
yes	be repetitively affirmative

1P. Software Project Management System (SPMS) Commands

chproject	activate project environment
mkmf	makefile editor
mkproject	make a project root directory
pcp	copy files
pd	change working project directory
pdiff	differential project comparator
pexec	execute command over project hierarchy
pfind	find files in projects
pgrep	search files in a project hierarchy for a pattern
phelp	on-line help for a project	[ phelp (peh’0.1m’-´help) ]
plog	record progress of a project
pman	print project manual
pmkdir	make a project directory
pmv	move or rename files
ppd	list project directories
prmdir	remove a project directory
ptest	test a project module
pwp	print working project name
rmproject	remove a project root directory
spmsintro	introduction to SPMS commands

1X. X11 Commands

dsh

distributed shell

1c. Communication Commands

dgate	log in to a DECnet remote system through an intermediate ULTRIX DECnet host (gateway system)
ftp	file transfer program
rcp	remote file copy
rlogin	remote login
rsh	remote shell
ruptime	show host status of local machines
rwho	who’s logged in on local machines
telnet	user interface to the TELNET protocol
tftp	trivial file transfer program
tip	connect to a remote system	[ tip, cu ]
uucp	unix to unix copy	[ uucp, uulog, uuname ]
uudecode	encode/decode a binary file for transmission via mail	[ uuencode, uudecode ]
uuencode	encode/decode a binary file for transmission via mail	[ uuencode, uudecode ]
uulog	unix to unix copy	[ uucp, uulog, uuname ]
uuname	unix to unix copy	[ uucp, uulog, uuname ]
uusend	send a file to a remote host
uustat	uucp status inquiry and job control
uux	unix to unix command execution

1g. Graphics Commands

graph	draw a graph
plot	graphics filters
spline	interpolate smooth curve

1yp. Yellow Pages (NIS) Commands

domainname	display or set the name of the current domain for this system
ypcat	print values from a YP data base
ypmatch	print the value of one or more keys from a yp map
yppasswd	change login password in yellow pages map.
ypwhich	determine which host is the current YP server or map master.

2. System Calls (intro)

accept	accept a connection on a socket
access	determine accessibility of file
acct	turn accounting on or off
adjtime	correct the time to allow synchronization of the system clock
bind	bind a name to a socket
brk	change data segment size	[ brk, sbrk ]
chdir	change current working directory
chmod	change mode of file	[ chmod, fchmod ]
chown	change owner and group of a file	[ chown, fchown ]
chroot	change root directory
close	delete a descriptor
connect	initiate a connection on a socket
creat	create a new file
dup	duplicate a descriptor	[ dup, dup2 ]
dup2	duplicate a descriptor	[ dup, dup2 ]
execve	execute a file
exit	terminate a process	[ _exit ]
fchmod	change mode of file	[ chmod, fchmod ]
fchown	change owner and group of a file	[ chown, fchown ]
fcntl	file control
flock	apply or remove an advisory lock on an open file
fork	create a new process
fstat	get file status	[ stat, lstat, fstat ]
fsync	synchronize a file’s in-core state with that on disk
ftruncate	truncate a file to a specified length	[ truncate, ftruncate ]
getdirentries	gets directory entries in a generic directory format
getdtablesize	get descriptor table size
getegid	get group identity	[ getgid, getegid ]
geteuid	get user identity	[ getuid, geteuid ]
getgid	get group identity	[ getgid, getegid ]
getgroups	get group access list
gethostid	get/set unique identifier of current host	[ gethostid, sethostid ]
gethostname	get/set name of current host	[ gethostname, sethostname ]
getitimer	get/set value of interval timer	[ getitimer, setitimer ]
getmnt	get information on mounted file systems.
getpagesize	get system page size
getpeername	get name of connected peer
getpgrp	get process group
getpid	get process identification	[ getpid, getppid ]
getppid	get process identification	[ getpid, getppid ]
getpriority	get/set program scheduling priority	[ getpriority, setpriority ]
getrlimit	control maximum system resource consumption	[ getrlimit, setrlimit ]
getrusage	get information about resource utilization
getsockname	get socket name
getsockopt	get and set options on sockets	[ getsockopt, setsockopt ]
gettimeofday	get/set date and time	[ gettimeofday, settimeofday ]
getuid	get user identity	[ getuid, geteuid ]
intro	introduction to system calls and error numbers	[ intro, errno ]
ioctl	control device
kill	send signal to a process
killpg	send signal to a process group
link	make a hard link to a file
listen	listen for connections on a socket
lseek	move read/write pointer	[ lseek, tell ]
lstat	get file status	[ stat, lstat, fstat ]
mkdir	make a directory file
mknod	make a directory, a special file or an ordinary file
mount	mount or remove a file system	[ mount, umount ]
mprotect	memory protection control
msgctl	message control operations
msgget	get message queue
msgop	message operations, msgsnd and msgrcv
msgrcv	message operations, msgsnd and msgrcv	[ msgop ]
open	open a file for reading or writing, or create a new file
pipe	create an interprocess communication channel
plock	lock process, text, or data in memory
profil	execution time profile
ptrace	process trace
quota	manipulate disk quotas
read	read input	[ read, readv ]
readlink	read value of a symbolic link
readv	read input	[ read, readv ]
reboot	reboot system or halt processor
recv	receive a message from a socket	[ recv, recvfrom, recvmsg ]
recvfrom	receive a message from a socket	[ recv, recvfrom, recvmsg ]
recvmsg	receive a message from a socket	[ recv, recvfrom, recvmsg ]
rename	change the name of a file
rmdir	remove a directory file
sbrk	change data segment size	[ brk, sbrk ]
select	synchronous i/o multiplexing
semctl	semaphore control operations
semget	get set of semaphores
semop	semaphore operations
send	send a message from a socket	[ send, sendto, sendmsg ]
sendmsg	send a message from a socket	[ send, sendto, sendmsg ]
sendto	send a message from a socket	[ send, sendto, sendmsg ]
setgroups	set group access list
sethostid	get/set unique identifier of current host	[ gethostid, sethostid ]
sethostname	get/set name of current host	[ gethostname, sethostname ]
setitimer	get/set value of interval timer	[ getitimer, setitimer ]
setpgrp	set process group
setpriority	get/set program scheduling priority	[ getpriority, setpriority ]
setquota	enable/disable quotas on a file system
setregid	set real and effective group ID
setreuid	set real and effective user ID’s
setrlimit	control maximum system resource consumption	[ getrlimit, setrlimit ]
setsockopt	get and set options on sockets	[ getsockopt, setsockopt ]
settimeofday	get/set date and time	[ gettimeofday, settimeofday ]
shmat	shared memory operations	[ shmop, shmat, shmdt ]
shmctl	shared memory control operations
shmget	get shared memory segment
shmop	shared memory operations	[ shmop, shmat, shmdt ]
shutdown	shut down part of a full-duplex connection
sigblock	block signals
sigpause	atomically release blocked signals and wait for interrupt
sigsetmask	set current signal mask
sigstack	set and/or get signal stack context
sigvec	software signal facilities
socket	create an endpoint for communication
socketpair	create a pair of connected sockets
stat	get file status	[ stat, lstat, fstat ]
stime	set time
swapon	add a swap device for interleaved paging/swapping
symlink	make symbolic link to a file
sync	update super-block
syscall	indirect system call
truncate	truncate a file to a specified length	[ truncate, ftruncate ]
ulimit	get and set user limits
umask	set file creation mode mask
uname	get name of current UNIX system
unlink	remove directory entry
ustat	get file system statistics
utime	set file access and modification times
utimes	set file times
vfork	spawn new process in a virtual memory efficient way
vhangup	virtually hang up the current control terminal
wait	wait for process to terminate	[ wait, wait3 ]
wait3	wait for process to terminate	[ wait, wait3 ]
write	write to a file	[ write, writev ]
writev	write to a file	[ write, writev ]

2nfs. NFS Calls

mount	mount or remove an NFS file system	[ mount, umount ]
nfs_svc	Invoke NFS daemons	[ nfs_svc, nfs_async_daemon ]

2yp. Yellow Pages (NIS) Calls

getdomainname

get or set name of current domain

[ getdomainname, setdomainname ]

3. Library Functions (intro)

a64l	convert between long integer and base-64 ASCII string	[ a64l, l64a ]
abort	generate a fault
abs	integer absolute value
alarm	schedule signal after specified time
asctime	convert date and time to string	[ ctime, localtime, gmtime, asctime, timezone (non-System V Environment) or tzset (System V Environment) ]
atof	convert ASCII to numbers	[ atof, atoi, atol, strtol, strtod ]
bcopy	bit and byte string operations	[ bcopy, bcmp, bzero, ffs ]
bsearch	binary search
bstring	bit and byte string operations	[ bcopy, bcmp, bzero, ffs ]
clock	report CPU time used
conv	translate characters	[ toupper, tolower, _toupper, _tolower, toascii ]
crypt	password encryption routine	[ crypt, encrypt ]
ctime	convert date and time to string	[ ctime, localtime, gmtime, asctime, timezone (non-System V Environment) or tzset (System V Environment) ]
ctype	character classification macros	[ isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, toascii ]
directory	directory operations	[ opendir, readdir, telldir, seekdir, rewinddir, closedir ]
drand48	generate uniformly distributed pseudo-random numbers	[ drand48, erand48, lrand48, nrand48, mrand48, jrand48, srand48, seed48, lcong48 ]
ecvt	output conversion	[ ecvt, fcvt, gcvt ]
encrypt	password encryption routine	[ crypt, encrypt ]
end	last locations in program	[ end, etext, edata ]
execl	execute a file	[ execl, execv, execle, execlp, execvp, exect, environ ]
exit	terminate a process after flushing any pending output
frexp	split into mantissa and exponent	[ frexp, ldexp, modf ]
ftime	get date and time	[ time, ftime ]
ftok	standard interprocess communication package
ftw	walk a file tree
getcwd	get path-name of current working directory
getdate	convert time and date from ASCII
getenv	value for environment name
getgrent	get group file entry	[ getgrent, getgrgid, getgrnam, setgrent, endgrent ]
getlogin	get login name
getopt	get option letter from argument vector
getpass	read a password
getpw	get name from uid
getpwent	get password file entry	[ getpwent, getpwuid, getpwnam, setpwent, endpwent ]
getttyent	get ttys file entry	[ getttyent, getttynam, setttyent, endttyent ]
getwd	get current working directory pathname
gmtime	convert date and time to string	[ ctime, localtime, gmtime, asctime, timezone (non-System V Environment) or tzset (System V Environment) ]
gtty	set and get terminal state	[ stty, gtty ]
hsearch	manage hash search tables	[ hsearch, hcreate, hdestroy ]
initstate	better random number generator; routines for changing generators	[ random, srandom, initstate, setstate ]
insque	insert/remove element from a queue	[ insque, remque ]
intro	introduction to library functions
l3tol	convert between 3-byte integers and long integers	[ l3tol, ltol3 ]
ldexp	split into mantissa and exponent	[ frexp, ldexp, modf ]
localtime	convert date and time to string	[ ctime, localtime, gmtime, asctime, timezone (non-System V Environment) or tzset (System V Environment) ]
lockf	record locking on files
lsearch	linear search and update	[ lsearch, lfind ]
malloc	memory allocator	[ malloc, free, realloc, calloc, alloca ]
memory	memory operations	[ memccpy, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, memset ]
mktemp	make a unique file name
modf	split into mantissa and exponent	[ frexp, ldexp, modf ]
monitor	prepare execution profile	[ monitor, monstartup, moncontrol ]
nice	set program priority
nlist	get entries from name list
pause	stop until signal
perror	system error messages	[ perror, sys_errlist, sys_nerr ]
popen	initiate I/O to/from a process	[ popen, pclose ]
psignal	system signal messages	[ psignal, sys_siglist ]
putenv	change or add value to environment
putpwent	write password file entry
qsort	quicker sort
rand	random number generator	[ rand, srand ]
random	better random number generator; routines for changing generators	[ random, srandom, initstate, setstate ]
regex	regular expression handler	[ re_comp, re_exec ]
scandir	scan a directory
setgid	set user and group ID	[ setuid, seteuid, setruid, setgid, setegid, setrgid ]
setjmp	non-local goto	[ setjmp, longjmp ]
setstate	better random number generator; routines for changing generators	[ random, srandom, initstate, setstate ]
setuid	set user and group ID	[ setuid, seteuid, setruid, setgid, setegid, setrgid ]
signal	simplified software signal facilities
sleep	suspend execution for interval
srandom	better random number generator; routines for changing generators	[ random, srandom, initstate, setstate ]
strcat	string operations	[ strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok, index, rindex ]
string	string operations	[ strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok, index, rindex ]
stty	set and get terminal state	[ stty, gtty ]
swab	swap bytes
syslog	control system log	[ syslog, openlog, closelog ]
system	issue a shell command
time	get date and time	[ time, ftime ]
times	get process times
timezone	convert date and time to string	[ ctime, localtime, gmtime, asctime, timezone (non-System V Environment) or tzset (System V Environment) ]
tsearch	manage binary search trees	[ tsearch, tfind, tdelete, twalk ]
ttyname	find name of a terminal	[ ttyname, isatty, ttyslot ]
utime	set file times
valloc	aligned memory allocator
varargs	variable argument list
vlimit	control maximum system resource consumption
vtimes	get information about resource utilization

3P. Software Project Management System (SPMS) Routines

pgrep

search files for a pattern

3f. FORTRAN Library (intro)

abort	terminate abruptly with memory image
access	determine accessability of a file
alarm	execute a subroutine after a specified time
bessel	of two kinds for integer orders	[ bessel functions ]
bit	and, or, xor, not, rshift, lshift bitwise functions
chdir	change default directory
chmod	change mode of a file
etime	return elapsed execution time	[ etime, dtime ]
exit	terminate process with status
fdate	return date and time in an ASCII string
fgetc	get a character from a logical unit	[ getc, fgetc ]
flmin	return extreme values	[ flmin, flmax, ffrac, dflmin, dflmax, dffrac, inmax ]
flush	flush output to a logical unit
fork	create a copy of this process
fseek	reposition a file on a logical unit	[ fseek, ftell ]
gerror	get system error messages	[ perror, gerror, ierrno ]
getarg	return command line arguments	[ getarg, iargc ]
getc	get a character from a logical unit	[ getc, fgetc ]
getcwd	get pathname of current working directory
getenv	get value of environment variables
getlog	get user’s login name
getpid	get process id
getuid	get user or group ID of the caller	[ getuid, getgid ]
hostnm	get name of current host
iargc	return command line arguments	[ getarg, iargc ]
idate	return date or time in numerical form	[ idate, itime ]
ierrno	get system error messages	[ perror, gerror, ierrno ]
index	tell about character objects	[ index, rindex, lnblnk, len ]
intro	introduction to FORTRAN library functions
ioinit	change f77 I/O initialization
kill	send a signal to a process
link	make a link to an existing file	[ link, symlink ]
loc	return the address of an object
long	integer object conversion	[ long, short ]
perror	get system error messages	[ perror, gerror, ierrno ]
putc	write a character to a fortran logical unit	[ putc, fputc ]
qsort	quick sort
rand	return random values	[ rand, drand, irand ]
rename	rename a file
signal	change the action for a signal
sleep	suspend execution for an interval
stat	get file status	[ stat, lstat, fstat ]
system	execute an ULTRIX command
time	return system time	[ time, ctime, ltime, gmtime ]
topen	f77 tape I/O	[ topen, tclose, tread, twrite, trewin, tskipf, tstate ]
traper	trap arithmetic errors
trapov	trap and repair floating point overflow
trpfpe	trap and repair floating point faults	[ trpfpe, fpecnt ]
ttynam	find name of a terminal port	[ ttynam, isatty ]
unlink	remove a directory entry
wait	wait for a process to terminate

3m. Math Library (intro)

asinh	inverse hyperbolic functions	[ asinh, acosh, atanh ]
bessel	bessel functions	[ j0, j1, jn, y0, y1, yn ]
erf	error function and complementary error function	[ erf, erfc ]
exp	exponential, logarithm, power, square root	[ exp, expm1, log, log10, log1p, pow, sqrt ]
fabs	absolute value, floor, ceiling, and round-to-nearest functions	[ fabs, floor, ceil, rint ]
floor	absolute value, floor, ceiling, and round-to-nearest functions	[ fabs, floor, ceil, rint ]
gamma	log gamma function
hypot	Euclidean distance	[ hypot, cabs ]
intro	introduction to mathematical library functions
matherr	error-handling function for System 5 math library
sin	trigonometric functions	[ sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan, atan2 ]
sinh	hyperbolic functions	[ sinh, cosh, tanh ]

3n. Network Support Libraries (intro)

byteorder	convert values between host and network byte order	[ htonl, htons, ntohl, ntohs ]
gethostent	get network host entry	[ gethostent, gethostbyaddr, gethostbyname, sethostent, endhostent ]
getnetent	get network entry	[ getnetent, getnetbyaddr, getnetbyname, setnetent, endnetent ]
getprotoent	get protocol entry	[ getprotoent, getprotobynumber, getprotobyname, setprotoent, endprotoent ]
getservent	get service entry	[ getservent, getservbyport, getservbyname, setservent, endservent ]
inet	Internet address manipulation routines	[ inet_addr, inet_network, inet_ntoa, inet_makeaddr, inet_lnaof, inet_netof ]
intro	introduction to network library functions

3s. Standard I/O Library (intro)

ctermid	generate file name for terminal
cuserid	get character login name of the user
fclose	close or flush a stream	[ fclose, fflush ]
ferror	stream status inquiries	[ ferror, feof, clearerr, fileno ]
fopen	open a stream	[ fopen, freopen, fdopen ]
fread	buffered binary input/output	[ fread, fwrite ]
fseek	reposition a file pointer in a stream	[ fseek, ftell, rewind ]
getc	get character or word from stream	[ getc, getchar, fgetc, getw ]
getchar	get character or word from stream	[ getc, getchar, fgetc, getw ]
gets	get a string from a stream	[ gets, fgets ]
intro	standard buffered input/output package	[ stdio ]
printf	formatted output conversion	[ printf, fprintf, sprintf ]
putc	put character or word on a stream	[ putc, putchar, fputc, putw ]
puts	put a string on a stream	[ puts, fputs ]
scanf	convert formatted input	[ scanf, fscanf, sscanf ]
setbuf	assign buffering to a stream	[ setbuf, setbuffer, setlinebuf, setvbuf ]
tmpfile	create a temporary file
tmpnam	create a name for a temporary file	[ tmpnam, tempnam ]
ungetc	push character back into input stream
vprintf	print formatted output of a varargs argument list	[ vprintf, vfprintf, vsprintf ]

3x. Miscellaneous Libraries (intro)

assert	program verification
curses	screen functions with “optimal” cursor motion
dbm	data base subroutines	[ dbminit, fetch, store, delete, firstkey, nextkey ]
getdiskbyname	get disk description by its name
getfsent	get file system descriptor file entry	[ getfsent, getfsspec, getfsfile, getfstype, setfsent, endfsent ]
initgroups	initialize group access list
intro	introduction to miscellaneous library functions
lib2648	subroutines for the HP 2648 graphics terminal
malloc	fast main memory allocator	[ malloc, free, realloc, calloc, mallopt, mallinfo ]
plot	graphics interface	[ plot: openpl, erase, label, line, circle, arc, move, cont, point, linemod, space, closepl ]
rcmd	routines for returning a stream to a remote command	[ rcmd, rresvport, ruserok ]
rexec	return stream to a remote command
termcap	terminal independent operation routines	[ tgetent, tgetnum, tgetflag, tgetstr, tgoto, tputs ]
tgetent	terminal independent operation routines	[ tgetent, tgetnum, tgetflag, tgetstr, tgoto, tputs ]

3yp. Yellow Pages (NIS) Library (intro)

getnetgrent	get network group entry	[ getnetgrent, setnetgrent, endnetgrent, innetgr ]
intro	introduction to yellow pages (YP) library functions
ypclnt	yp_get_default_domain, yp_bind, yp_unbind, yp_match, yp_first, yp_next, yp_all, yp_order, yp_master, yperr_string, ypprot_err − Yellow Pages client package
yppasswd	update user password in yellow pages password map.

4. Special Files (intro)

acc	ACC LH/DH IMP interface
ad	Data Translation A/D converter
autoconf	diagnostics from the autoconfiguration code
bk	line discipline for machine-machine communication (obsolete)
cfl	console RX01 interface
console	console interface
crl	console RL02 interface
cs	console RX50 interface
css	DEC IMP-11A LH/DH IMP interface
ct	phototypesetter interface
ctu	console TU58 interface
cty	extra serial line interface
de	DEC DEUNA/DELUA 10 Mb/s Ethernet interface
devio	Ultrix device interface
dh	DH-11/DM-11 communications multiplexer
dhq	DHQ11 communications multiplexer
dhu	DHU11 communications multiplexer
dhv	DHV-11 communications multiplexer dhu
dkio	ULTRIX disk interface
dmb	DMB32 communications multiplexor
dmbsp	DMB32 communications multiplexor serial printer
dmc	DEC DMC-11/DMR-11 point-to-point communications device
dmf	DMF32 communications multiplexor
dmfsp	DMF32 communications multiplexor serial printer
dmv	DEC DMV-11 point-to-point communications device
dmz	DMZ32 communications multiplexor
dn	DN-11 autocall unit interface
dpv		[ dpv synchronous character oriented BISYNC data communications device ]
drum	paging device
dup	synchronous character oriented BISYNC data communications device
dz	DZ11/DZ32 communications multiplexer
dzq	DZQ11 communications multiplexer
dzv	DZV11 communications multiplexer
ec	3Com 10 Mb/s Ethernet interface
en	Xerox 3 Mb/s Ethernet interface
errlog	error logging interface
hp	MASSBUS disk interface
hy	Network Systems Hyperchannel interface
ik	Ikonas frame buffer, graphics device interface
il	Interlan 10 Mb/s Ethernet interface
imp	1822 network interface
intro	introduction to special files and hardware support
kUmem	Unibus/Qbus virtual memory
kg	KL-11/DL-11W line clock
kmem	virtual main memory
lo	software loopback network interface
lp	LP11 parallel line printer
lpv	LPV11 parallel line printer
lta	Local Area Terminal (LAT) server driver
mem	physical main memory
mtio	ULTRIX magtape interface
mu	TM78/TU78 MASSBUS magtape interface
nbuf	Select multiple buffer operation to a raw device
ni	DEC BVP DEBNT/NI port driver for 10 Mb/s Ethernet
null	data sink
pcl	DEC CSS PCL-11 B Network Interface
ps	Evans and Sutherland Picture System 2 graphics device interface
pty	pseudo terminal driver
qd	VCB02 (QDSS) video subsystem
qe	DEC DEQNA/DELQA 10 Mb/s Ethernet interface
qv	VCB01 (QVSS) video subsystem
ra	MSCP disk controller interface
rb	IDC/RL02 disk controller interface
rd	RD31, RD32, RD53, RD54 − Small VAX winchester disks
rk	RK711/RK07 disk controller interface
rl	RL211/RL02 disk controller interface
rx	RX33 − Small VAX floppy disk drive
sdc	RD31, RD32, RD53, RD54, RX33 − Small VAX disk controller interface
se	DESVA 10 Mb/s Ethernet interface
sm	small vax monochrome display subsystem
ss	Small VAX Serial Line Controller
stc	TZK50 (VAXstation TK50) magtape interface
tm	TM-11/TE-10 magtape interface
tms	TMSCP tape controller interface
trace	system call tracing interface
ts	TS11/TS05/TU80 magtape interface
tty	general terminal interface
tu	TM03/TE16/TU45/TU77 MASSBUS magtape interface
un	Ungermann-Bass interface
up	unibus storage module controller/drives
urx	DEC RX02 floppy disk interface
ut	UNIBUS TU45 tri-density tape drive interface
uu	TU58/DECtape II UNIBUS cassette interface
va	Benson-Varian interface
vp	Versatec interface
vv	Proteon proNET 10 Megabit ring

4f. Network Protocol Families

inet	Internet protocol family
pup	Xerox PUP-I protocol family

4n. Networking Facilities (intro)

intro

introduction to networking facilities

[ networking ]

4p. Network Protocols

arp	Address Resolution Protocol
imp	IMP raw socket interface
ip	Internet Protocol
pup	raw PUP socket interface
tcp	Internet Transmission Control Protocol
udp	Internet User Datagram Protocol

5. File Formats (intro)

L-devices	devices used to connect to remote systems
L-dialcodes	dial code abbreviations
L.cmds	allowable remote execution commands
L.sys	information needed to connect to a system
USERFILE	defines uucp security
a.out	assembler and link editor output
acct	execution accounting file
acucap	Automatic call unit capabilities file
aliases	aliases file for sendmail
ar	archive (library) file format
core	format of memory image file
cpio	format of cpio archive
dgateway	name of the intermediate host (DECnet gateway)
dir	format of directories
disktab	disk description file
dump	incremental dump format	[ dump, dumpdates ]
dumpdates	incremental dump format	[ dump, dumpdates ]
elcsd.conf	error logging configuration file
fs	format of file system volume	[ fs, inode ]
fstab	file containing static information about known filesystems.
gettytab	terminal configuration data base
gfsi	The Generic File System Interface	[ GFSI ]
group	group file
hosts	host name data base
inetd.conf	internet daemon configuration data base
intro	introduction to file formats
ltf	labeled tape facility
networks	network name data base
news	USENET network news article, utility files
newsrc	information file for readnews(1) and checknews(1)
passwd	password file
phones	remote host phone number data base
plot	graphics interface
printcap	printer capability data base
protocols	protocol name data base
rcsfile	format of RCS file
remote	remote host description file
sccsfile	format of SCCS file
services	service name data base
stab	symbol table types
tar	tape archive file format	[ tar, mdtar ]
term	terminal driving tables for nroff
termcap	terminal capability data base
tp	DEC/mag tape formats
trace	system call tracer device	[ /dev/trace ]
ttys	terminal initialization data
types	primitive system data types
ufs	ULTRIX local file system	[ UFS ]
utmp	login records	[ utmp, wtmp ]
uuencode	format of an encoded uuencode file
vfont	font formats for the Benson-Varian or Versatec
vgrindefs	vgrind’s language definition data base
wtmp	login records	[ utmp, wtmp ]

5nfs. NFS File Formats

exports	defines NFS file systems to be exported
nfs	Network File System	[ NFS ]
rmtab	Table of local file systems mounted by remote NFS clients.

5yp. Yellow Pages (NIS) File Formats

group	group file in a Yellow Pages environment.
hosts.equiv	list of trusted hosts
netgroup	list of network groups
passwd	password file description with the Yellow Pages service implemented.
ypfiles	the yellowpages database and directory structure

6. Games and Demos

aardvark	yet another exploration game
adventure	an exploration game
arithmetic	provide drill in number facts
backgammon	the game
banner	print large banner on printer
bcd	convert to antique media
boggle	play the game of boggle
canfield	the solitaire card game canfield	[ canfield, cfscores ]
chess	the game of chess
ching	the book of changes and other cookies
cribbage	the card game cribbage
doctor	interact with a psychoanalyst
fish	play the card game Fish
fortune	print a random, hopefully interesting, adage
hangman	Computer version of the game hangman
mille	play Mille Bournes
monop	Monopoly game
number	convert Arabic numerals to English
quiz	test your knowledge
rain	animated raindrops display
rogue	Exploring The Dungeons of Doom
snake	display chase game	[ snake, snscore ]
trek	trekkie game
worm	Play the growing worm game
worms	animate worms on a display terminal
wump	the game of hunt-the-wumpus
zork	the game of dungeon

7. Miscellaneous Facilities (intro)

ascii	map of ASCII character set
environ	user environment
eqnchar	special character definitions for eqn
hier	file system hierarchy
intro	miscellaneous useful information pages	[ miscellaneous ]
mailaddr	mail addressing description
man	macros to typeset manual
me	macros for formatting papers
ms	text formatting macros
term	conventional names for terminals

8. Maintenance Procedures (intro)

2780d	IBM 2780/3780 RJE emulator daemon
MAKEDEV	makes system special files
ac	login accounting
accton	system accounting	[ sa, accton ]
addnode	add or change an entry in the nodes database
adduser	add and remove user accounts	[ adduser, removeuser, addgroup ]
arcv	convert archives to new format
bad144	read/write dec standard 144 bad sector information
badsect	create files to contain bad sectors
catman	create the cat files for the manual
ccr	remote console carrier requester	[ /etc/ccr ]
chown	change owner
chpt	change a disk partition table
clri	clear i-node
cmx	generic communication exerciser
config	build system configuration files
cron	clock daemon
dcheck	file system directory consistency check
dgated	Provide daemon login service via Decnet
diskpart	calculate default disk partition sizes
doconfig	a program to aid system configuration
drtest	standalone disk test program
dskx	generic disk exerciser
dump	incremental file system dump
dumpfs	dump file system information
edquota	edit user quotas
elcsd	error logging daemon
eli	error logger initializer
expire	remove outdated news articles
fsck	file system consistency check and interactive repair utility.
fsx	file system exerciser
fverify	verify software subsets
getnode	display one or more entries from the nodes database
getty	set terminal mode
halt	stop the processor
htable	convert NIC standard format host tables
hyroute	set the hyperchannel routine tables
icheck	file system storage consistency check
init	process control initialization
intro	introduction to system maintenance and operation commands
kgmon	generate a dump of the operating system’s profile buffers
lcp	Local Area Transport server (LAT) control program
load	down-line load software to a target node
lpc	line printer control program
lpd	line printer daemon
lprsetup	automated line printer spooler set up
lpx	line printer exerciser
makekey	generate encryption key
memx	memory exerciser
mkfs	construct a file system
mklost+found	make a lost+found directory for fsck
mknod	build special file
mkproto	construct a prototype file system
mop_mom	MOP down-line/up-line load listener
mount	General description to mount or unmount a file system	[ mount, umount ]
mtx	Generic Magtape Exerciser
ncheck	generate names from i-numbers
netsetup	set up local area network files
netx	TCP/IP net exerciser
newfs	construct a new file system
notes	notesfile utility programs	[ mknf, rmnf, nfxmit, nfrcv, nfarchive, newsinput, newsoutput ]
opser	operator services utility
pac	printer/ploter accounting information
pstat	print system facts
quot	summarize file system ownership
quotacheck	file system quota consistency checker
quotaoff	turn file system quotas on and off	[ quotaon, quotaoff ]
quotaon	turn file system quotas on and off	[ quotaon, quotaoff ]
radisk	DSA disk maintenance
rc	command script for auto-reboot and daemons
rdt	read diagnostic tape
reboot	ULTRIX bootstrapping procedures
recnews	receive unprocessed articles via mail
remnode	remove one or more entries from the nodes database
renice	alter priority of running processes
repquota	summarize quotas for a file system
restore	incremental file system restore
ris	remote installation services utility
sa	system accounting	[ sa, accton ]
savecore	save a core dump of the operating system
sendmail	send mail over the internet
sendnews	send news articles via mail
setld	system software subset utility	[ setld ]
shmx	shared memory exerciser
shutdown	close down the system at a given time
sizer	a program that sizes system hardware
snapcopy	copy VAX 8600/8650 snapshot files
sticky	executable files with persistent text
swapon	specify additional device for paging and swapping
syscript	dialogue for running system exercisers
syslog	log systems messages
trigger	trigger a target node to request a down-line load
tunefs	tune up an existing file system
uerf	ULTRIX error report formatter
umount	General description to mount or unmount a file system	[ mount, umount ]
update	periodically update the super block
uucpsetup	set up uucp files
uurec	receive processed news articles via mail
vipw	edit the password file

8c. Network Services

arp	address resolution display and control
comsat	biff server
ftpd	DARPA Internet File Transfer Protocol server
gettable	get NIC format host tables from a host
ifconfig	configure network interface parameters
implog	IMP log interpreter
implogd	IMP logger process
inetd	internet service daemon
miscd	miscellaneous services daemon
rdate	network date client
rdump	file system dump across the network
rexecd	remote execution server
rlogind	remote login server
rmt	remote mass storage device protocol module
route	manually manipulate the routing tables
routed	network routing daemon
rrestore	restore a file system dump across the network
rshd	remote shell server
rwalld	network rwall server
rwhod	system status server
setifaddr	set network interface address
talkd	inter-terminal communications server
telnetd	DARPA TELNET protocol server
tftpd	DARPA Trivial File Transfer Protocol server
trpt	transliterate protocol trace
uuaids	uucp administrative utilities	[ uucompact, uumkspool, uurespool ]
uuclean	uucp spool directory clean-up
uumonitor	monitor the UUCP system

8nfs. NFS Services

biod	Start NFS asynchronous block I/O daemons
fsirand	install random inode generation numbers
mount	mount and unmount a Network File System (NFS)	[ mount, umount ]
mountd	NFS mount request server.
nfsd	NFS server daemon
nfssetup	set up network file system (NFS)
nfsstat	display Network File System statistics
portmap	DARPA internet port to RPC program number mapper
rpcinfo	report RPC information
showmount	show remotely-mounted file systems

8ufs. UFS Maintenance Commands

mount

mount the local ULTRIX File System (UFS)

8v. Maintenance Procedures

arff	archiver for RT-11 format devices
crash	what happens when the system crashes
flcopy	copier for floppy
format	how to format disk packs
rxformat	format floppy disks

8yp. Yellow Pages (NIS) Maintenance Commands

makedbm	make a Yellow Pages dbm file
ypmake	rebuild yellow pages database using the make command
yppasswdd	server daemon for modifying the Yellow Pages password file
yppoll	determine which version of a YP map is at a master YP server host.
yppush	force propagation of a changed YP map
ypserv	Yellow Pages server and binder processes
ypsetup	set up the Yellow Pages (YP) environment
ypxfr	transfer a YP map from a YP server to the local host.

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