| adb | debugger | |
| apl | an apl interpreter | |
| apropos | locate commands by keyword lookup | |
| ar | archive and library maintainer | |
| ar11 | PDP-11 compatible archive and library maintainer | |
| as | assembler | |
| at | execute commands at a later time | |
| awk | pattern scanning and processing language | |
| basename | strip filename affixes | |
| bc | arbitrary-precision arithmetic language | |
| binmail | send or receive mail among users | [ mail ] |
| cal | print calendar | |
| calendar | reminder service | |
| cat | catenate and print | |
| cb | C program beautifier | |
| cc | C compiler | |
| ccat | cat compressed files | |
| cd | change working directory | |
| chfn | change full name of user | |
| chgrp | change owner or group | [ chown, chgrp ] |
| chmod | change mode | |
| chown | change owner or group | [ chown, chgrp ] |
| chsh | change default login shell | |
| clear | clear terminal screen | |
| cmp | compare two files | |
| col | filter reverse line feeds | |
| colcrt | filter nroff output for CRT previewing | |
| colrm | remove columns from a file | |
| comm | select or reject lines common to two sorted files | |
| compact | compress files | |
| cp | copy | |
| crypt | encode/decode | |
| csh | a shell (command interpreter) with C-like syntax | |
| ctags | maintain a tags file for a C program | |
| cxref | a simple C routine referencing program | |
| date | print and set the date | |
| dc | desk calculator | |
| dd | convert and copy a file | |
| deroff | remove nroff, troff, tbl and eqn constructs | |
| diff | differential file comparator | |
| diff3 | 3-way differential file comparison | |
| diffdir | diff directories | |
| diffh | differential file comparator | [ diff ] |
| du | summarize disk usage | |
| echo | echo arguments | |
| ed | text editor | |
| edit | text editor (variant of ex for casual users) | |
| egrep | search a file for a pattern | [ grep, egrep, fgrep ] |
| enroll | secret mail | [ xsend, xget, enroll ] |
| eqn | typeset mathematics | [ eqn, neqn, checkeq ] |
| ex | text editor | |
| expand | expand tabs to spaces | |
| expr | evaluate arguments as an expression | |
| f77 | Fortran 77 compiler | |
| false | provide truth values | [ true, false ] |
| fgrep | search a file for a pattern | [ grep, egrep, fgrep ] |
| file | determine file type | |
| find | find files | |
| finger | user information lookup program | |
| fmt | simple text formatter | |
| fold | fold long lines for finite width output device | |
| from | who is my mail from? | |
| gets | get a string from standard input | |
| grep | search a file for a pattern | [ grep, egrep, fgrep ] |
| head | give first few lines | |
| intro | introduction to commands | |
| iul | indicate underlining | |
| join | relational database operator | |
| kill | terminate a process with extreme prejudice | |
| last | indicate last logins of users and teletypes | |
| lastcomm | show last commands executed in reverse order | |
| ld | link editor | |
| learn | computer aided instruction about UNIX | |
| leave | remind you when you have to leave | |
| lex | generator of lexical analysis programs | |
| lint | a C program verifier | |
| lisp | lisp interpreter | |
| liszt | compile a Franz Lisp program | |
| ln | make links | [ ln, lnall ] |
| lock | reserve a terminal | |
| login | sign on | |
| look | find lines in a sorted list | |
| lookbib | find and insert literature references in documents | [ refer, lookbib ] |
| lorder | find ordering relation for an object library | |
| lpq | prints the line printer queue | |
| lpr | line printer spooler | |
| lprm | remove a file from the line printer queue | |
| ls | list contents of directory | |
| m4 | macro processor | |
| mail | send and receive mail | |
| make | maintain program groups | |
| man | run off section of UNIX manual | |
| mesg | permit or deny messages | |
| mkdir | make a directory | |
| mkstr | create an error message file by massaging C source | |
| more | file perusal filter for crt viewing | |
| msgs | system messages and junk mail program | |
| mv | move or rename files | |
| neqn | typeset mathematics | [ eqn, neqn, checkeq ] |
| net | execute a command on a remote machine | |
| netcp | remote copy of files through the net | |
| netlog | print the last few lines of the network log file | |
| netlpr | use a remote lineprinter through the net | |
| netmail | read mail on a remote machine over the network | |
| netq | print contents of network queue | |
| netrm | remove a command from the network queue | |
| nettroff | troff to the phototypesetter over the network | |
| newgrp | log in to a new group | |
| nice | run a command at low priority (sh only) | [ nice, nohup ] |
| nm | print name list | |
| nroff | text formatting and typesetting | [ troff, nroff ] |
| num | number lines | |
| od | octal dump | |
| passwd | change login password | |
| pi | Pascal interpreter code translator | |
| pix | Pascal interpreter and executor | |
| pr | print file | |
| print | pr to the line printer | |
| printenv | print out the environment | |
| prmail | print out mail in the post office | |
| prof | display profile data | |
| ps | process status | |
| pti | phototypesetter interpreter | |
| ptx | permuted index | |
| pwd | working directory name | |
| px | Pascal interpreter | |
| pxp | Pascal execution profiler | |
| pxref | Pascal cross-reference program | |
| ratfor | rational Fortran dialect | |
| refer | find and insert literature references in documents | [ refer, lookbib ] |
| reset | reset the teletype bits to a sensible state | |
| rev | reverse lines of a file | |
| rewind | rewind tape drive | |
| rm | remove (unlink) files | [ rm, rmdir ] |
| rmdir | remove (unlink) files | [ rm, rmdir ] |
| script | make typescript of terminal session | |
| sdb | symbolic debugger | |
| sed | stream editor | |
| see | see what a file has in it | |
| sh | command language | [ sh, for, case, if, while, :, ., break, continue, cd, eval, exec, exit, export, login, newgrp, read, readonly, set, shift, times, trap, umask, wait ] |
| size | size of an object file | |
| sleep | suspend execution for an interval | |
| soelim | eliminate .so’s from nroff input | |
| sort | sort or merge files | |
| spell | find spelling errors | [ spell, spellin, spellout ] |
| spice | electronic circuit simulation program | |
| split | split a file into pieces | |
| ssp | limit to single spacing | |
| strings | find the printable strings in a object, or other binary, file | |
| strip | remove symbols and relocation bits | |
| struct | structure Fortran programs | |
| stty | set terminal options | |
| su | substitute user id temporarily | |
| sum | sum and count blocks in a file | |
| symorder | rearrange name list | |
| tabs | set terminal tabs | |
| tail | deliver the last part of a file | |
| tar | tape archiver | |
| tbl | format tables for nroff or troff | |
| tc | photypesetter simulator | |
| tee | pipe fitting | |
| test | condition command | |
| time | time a command | |
| tk | paginator for the Tektronix 4014 | |
| touch | update date last modified of a file | |
| tp | manipulate tape archive | |
| tr | translate characters | |
| tra | copy out a file as it grows | |
| trman | translate version 6 manual macros to version 7 macros | |
| troff | text formatting and typesetting | [ troff, nroff ] |
| true | provide truth values | [ true, false ] |
| tset | set terminal modes | |
| tsort | topological sort | |
| tty | get terminal name | |
| ul | do underlining | |
| uncompact | uncompress files | |
| uniq | report repeated lines in a file | |
| units | conversion program | |
| uptime | show how long system has been up | |
| users | compact list of users who are on the system | |
| vgrind | grind nice listings of C programs for the versatec | |
| vi | screen oriented (visual) display editor based on ex | |
| vmstat | report virtual memory statistics | |
| vpq | prints the line printer queue | |
| vpr | Versatec printer/plotter spooler | |
| vprint | pr to the Versatec | |
| vprm | remove a file from the Versatec queue | |
| vtroff | troff to the Versatec | |
| w | who is on and what they are doing | |
| wait | await completion of process | |
| wc | word count | |
| whatis | describe what a command is | |
| whereis | locate source, binary, and or manual for program | |
| which | locate a program file including aliases and paths (csh only) | |
| who | who is on the system | |
| whoami | print effective current user id | |
| write | write to another user | |
| xget | secret mail | [ xsend, xget, enroll ] |
| xsend | secret mail | [ xsend, xget, enroll ] |
| xstr | extract strings from C programs to implement shared strings | |
| yacc | yet another compiler-compiler | |
| access | determine accessibility of file | |
| acct | turn accounting on or off | |
| alarm | schedule signal after specified time | |
| brk | change core allocation | [ brk, sbrk, break ] |
| chdir | change default directory | |
| chmod | change mode of file | |
| chown | change owner and group of a file | |
| close | close a file | |
| creat | create a new file | |
| dup | duplicate an open file descriptor | [ dup, dup2 ] |
| exec | execute a file | [ execl, execv, execle, execve, execlp, execvp, exec, exece, environ ] |
| exit | terminate process | |
| fork | spawn new process | |
| getpid | get process identification | |
| getuid | get user and group identity | [ getuid, getgid, geteuid, getegid ] |
| indir | indirect system call | [ indir, syscall ] |
| intro | introduction to system calls and error numbers | [ intro, errno ] |
| ioctl | control device | [ ioctl, stty, gtty ] |
| kill | send signal to a process | |
| link | link to a file | |
| lseek | move read/write pointer | [ lseek, tell ] |
| mknod | make a directory or a special file | |
| mount | mount or remove file system | [ mount, umount ] |
| mpx | create and manipulate multiplexed files | |
| nice | set program priority | |
| open | open for reading or writing | |
| pause | stop until signal | |
| pipe | create an interprocess channel | |
| profil | execution time profile | |
| ptrace | process trace | |
| read | read from file | |
| setuid | set user and group ID | [ setuid, setgid ] |
| signal | catch or ignore signals | |
| stat | get file status | [ stat, fstat ] |
| stime | set time | |
| stty | set and retrieve terminal modes | [ stty, gtty ] |
| sync | update super-block | |
| time | get date and time | [ time, ftime ] |
| times | get process times | |
| umask | set file creation mode mask | |
| unlink | remove directory entry | |
| utime | set file times | |
| vfork | spawn new process in a virtual memory efficient way | |
| vread | read virtually | |
| vwrite | write (virtually) to file | |
| wait | wait for process to terminate | |
| write | write on a file | |
| abort | generate a fault | |
| abs | integer absolute value | |
| atof | convert ASCII to numbers | [ atof, atoi, atol ] |
| crypt | DES encryption | [ crypt, setkey, encrypt ] |
| ctime | convert date and time to ASCII | [ ctime, localtime, gmtime, asctime, timezone ] |
| ctype | character classification | [ isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, iscntrl, isascii ] |
| ecvt | output conversion | [ ecvt, fcvt, gcvt ] |
| end | last locations in program | [ end, etext, edata ] |
| frexp | split into mantissa and exponent | [ frexp, ldexp, modf ] |
| getenv | value for environment name | |
| getgrent | get group file entry | [ getgrent, getgrgid, getgrnam, setgrent, endgrent ] |
| getlogin | get login name | |
| getpass | read a password | |
| getpw | get name from UID | |
| getpwent | get password file entry | [ getpwent, getpwuid, getpwnam, setpwent, endpwent ] |
| intro | introduction to library functions | |
| l3tol | convert between 3-byte integers and long integers | [ l3tol, ltol3 ] |
| malloc | main memory allocator | [ malloc, free, realloc, calloc ] |
| mktemp | make a unique file name | |
| monitor | prepare execution profile | |
| nlist | get entries from name list | |
| perror | system error messages | [ perror, sys_errlist, sys_nerr ] |
| qsort | quicker sort | |
| rand | random number generator | [ rand, srand ] |
| setjmp | non-local goto | [ setjmp, longjmp ] |
| sleep | suspend execution for interval | |
| string | string operations | [ strcat, strcatn, strcmp, strcmpn, strcpy, strcpyn, strlen, index, rindex ] |
| swab | swap bytes | |
| system | issue a shell command | |
| termlib | terminal independent operation routines | [ tgetent, tgetnum, tgetflag, tgetstr, tgoto, tputs ] |
| ttyname | find name of a terminal | [ ttyname, isatty, ttyslot ] |
| valloc | aligned memory allocator | [ valloc, vfree ] |