NAME

hier − file system hierarchy

DESCRIPTION

The following outline gives a quick tour through a representative directory hierarchy. 

/root

/vmunix
the kernel binary (UNIX itself)

/lost+found
directory for connecting detached files for fsck(8)

/dev/devices (4)

MAKEDEV
shell script to create special files

MAKEDEV.local
site specific part of MAKEDEV

console
main console, tty(4)

tty∗terminals, tty(4)

hp∗disks, hp(4)

rhp∗raw disks, hp(4)

up∗UNIBUS disks up(4)

...

/bin/utility programs, cf /usr/bin/ (1)

asassembler

ccC compiler executive, cf /lib/ccom, /lib/cpp, /lib/c2

cshC shell

...

/lib/object libraries and other stuff, cf /usr/lib/

libc.asystem calls, standard I/O, etc. (2,3,3S)

...

ccomC compiler proper

cppC preprocessor

c2C code improver

...

/etc/essential data and maintenance utilities; sect (8)

dumpdump program dump(8)

passwd
password file, passwd(5)

groupgroup file, group(5)

motdmessage of the day, login(1)

termcap
description of terminal capabilities, termcap(5)

ttytype
table of what kind of terminal is on each port, ttytype(5)

mtabmounted file table, mtab(5)

dumpdates
dump history, dump(8)

fstabfile system configuration table fstab(5)

disktab
disk characteristics and partition tables, disktab(5)

hostshost name to network address mapping file, hosts(5)

networks
network name to network number mapping file, networks(5)

protocols
protocol name to protocol number mapping file, protocols(5)

services
network services definition file, services(5)

remote
names and description of remote hosts for tip(1C), remote(5)

phones
private phone numbers for remote hosts, as described in phones(5)

ttysproperties of terminals, ttys(5)

gettypart of login, getty(8)

initthe parent of all processes, init(8)

rcshell program to bring the system up

rc.local
site dependent portion of rc

cronthe clock daemon, cron(8)

mountmount(8)

...

/sys/system source

h/header (include) files

acct.hacct(5)

stat.hstat(2)

...

sys/machine independent system source

init_main.c

uipc_socket.c

ufs_syscalls.c

...

conf/site configuration files

GENERIC

...

net/general network source

netinet/
DARPA Internet network source

netimp/
network code related to use of an IMP

if_imp.c

if_imphost.c

if_imphost.h

...

vax/source specific to the VAX

locore.s

machdep.c

...

vaxuba/
device drivers for hardware which resides on the UNIBUS

uba.c

dh.c

up.c

...

vaxmba/
device drivers for hardware which resides on the MASBUS

mba.c

hp.c

ht.c

...

vaxifnetwork interface drivers for the VAX

if_en.c

if_ec.c

if_vv.c

...

/tmp/temporary files, usually on a fast device, cf /usr/tmp/

e∗used by ed(1)

ctm∗used by cc(1)

...

/usr/general-pupose directory, usually a mounted file system

adm/administrative information

wtmplogin history, utmp(5)

messages
hardware error messages

tracctphototypesetter accounting, troff(1)

lpacctline printer accounting lpr(1)

vaacct, vpacct
varian and versatec accounting vpr(1), vtroff(1), pac(8)

/usr/bin

utility programs, to keep /bin/ small

tmp/temporaries, to keep /tmp/ small

stm∗used by sort(1)

rasterused by plot(1G)

dict/word lists, etc. 

wordsprincipal word list, used by look(1)

spellhist
history file for spell(1)

games/

hangman

lib/library of stuff for the games

quiz.k/
what quiz(6) knows

indexcategory index

africacountries and capitals

...

...

...

include/
standard #include files

a.out.h
object file layout, a.out(5)

stdio.hstandard I/O, intro(3S)

math.h
(3M)

...

sys/system-defined layouts, cf /sys/h

net/symbolic link to sys/net

machine/
symbolic link to sys/machine

...

lib/object libraries and stuff, to keep /lib/ small

atrunscheduler for at(1)

lint/utility files for lint

lint[12]
subprocesses for lint(1)

llib-lcdummy declarations for /lib/libc.a, used by lint(1)

llib-lmdummy declarations for /lib/libc.m

...

struct/
passes of struct(1)

...

tmac/macros for troff(1)

tmac.an
macros for man(7)

tmac.smacros for ms(7)

...

font/fonts for troff(1)

ftRTimes Roman

ftBTimes Bold

...

uucp/programs and data for uucp(1C)

L.sysremote system names and numbers

uucicothe real copy program

...

unitsconversion tables for units(1)

eignlist of English words to be ignored by ptx(1)

/usr/man/

volume 1 of this manual, man(1)

man0/general

introintroduction to volume 1, ms(7) format

xxtemplate for manual page

man1/chapter 1

as.1

mount.1m

...

...

cat1/preformatted pages for section 1

...

msgs/messages, cf msgs(1)

bounds
highest and lowest message

new/binaries of new versions of programs

preserve/
editor temporaries preserved here after crashes/hangups

public/
binaries of user programs - write permission to everyone

spool/delayed execution files

at/used by at(1)

lpd/used by lpr(1)

lockpresent when line printer is active

cf∗copy of file to be printed, if necessary

df∗daemon control file, lpd(8)

tf∗transient control file, while lpr is working

uucp/work files and staging area for uucp(1C)

LOGFILE
summary log

LOG.∗log file for one transaction

mail/mailboxes for mail(1)

name mail file for user name

name.lock
lock file while name is receiving mail

secretmail/
like mail/

uucp/work files and staging area for uucp(1C)

LOGFILE
summary log

LOG.∗log file for one transaction

mqueue/
mail queue for sendmail(8)

wd initial working directory of a user, typically wd is the user’s login name

.profile
set environment for sh(1), environ(7)

.project
what you are doing (used by ( finger(1) )

.cshrc startup file for csh(1)

.exrc startup file for ex(1)

.plan what your short-term plans are (used by finger(1) )

.netrc startup file for various network programs

.msgsrc
startup file for msgs(1)

.mailrc
startup file for mail(1)

calendar
user’s datebook for calendar(1)

doc/papers, mostly in volume 2 of this manual, typically in ms(7) format

as/assembler manual

cC manual

...

/usr/src/

source programs for utilities, etc. 

bin/source of commands in /bin

as/assembler

ar.csource for ar(1)

...

usr.bin/
source for commands in /usr/bin

troff/source for nroff and troff(1)

font/source for font tables, /usr/lib/font/

ftR.cRoman

...

term/terminal characteristics tables, /usr/lib/term/

tab300.c
DASI 300

...

...

ucbsource for programs in /usr/ucb

games/
source for /usr/games

lib/source for programs and archives in /lib

libc/C runtime library

csu/startup and wrapup routines needed with every C program

crt0.sregular startup

mcrt0.s
modified startup for cc −p

sys/system calls (2)

access.s

brk.s

...

stdio/standard I/O functions (3S)

fgets.c

fopen.c

...

gen/other functions in (3)

abs.c

...

net/network functions in (3N)

gethostbyname.c

...

local/source which isn’t normally distributed

new/source for new versions of commands and library routines

old/source for old versions of commands and library routines

ucb/binaries of programs developed at UCB

...

editeditor for beginners

excommand editor for experienced users

...

mailmail reading/sending subsystem

manon line documentation

...

piPascal translator

pxPascal interpreter

...

vivisual editor

SEE ALSO

ls(1), apropos(1), whatis(1), whereis(1), finger(1), which(1), ncheck(8), find(1), grep(1)

BUGS

The position of files is subject to change without notice. 

4th Berkeley Distribution  —  May 20, 1985