NAME
intro − introduction to system maintenance and operation commands
AVAILABILITY
This manual page is provided with the Interphase Network Coprocessor (NC) software distribution and supersedes the standard SunOS distribution version. For information about installing the NC distribution, refer to the installationNetworkCoprocessor
DESCRIPTION
This section contains information related to system bootstrapping, operation and maintenance. It describes all the server processes and daemons that run on the system, as well as standalone (PROM monitor) programs.
An 8V section number means one or more of the following:
• The man page documents System V behavior only.
• The man page documents default SunOS behavior, and System V behavior as it differs from the default behavior. These System V differences are presented under SYSTEM V section headers.
• The man page documents behavior compliant with 1003.1-1988IEEEStd (POSIX.1).
Disk formatting and labeling of xd, sd and other devices is done by format(8S). Bootstrapping of the system is described in boot(8S) and init(8). The standard set of commands run by the system when it boots is described in rc(8). Related commands include those that check the consistency of file systems, fsck(8); those that mount and unmount file systems, mount(8); add swap devices, swapon(8); force completion of outstanding file system I/O, sync(2); shutdown or reboot a running system shutdown(8), halt(8), and reboot(8); and, set the time on a machine from the time on another machine rdate(8C).
Creation of file systems is discussed in mkfs(8) and newfs(8). File system performance parameters can be adjusted with tunefs(8).
File system backups and restores are described in dump(8) and restore(8).
Procedures for adding new users to a system are described in adduser(8), using vipw(8) to lock the password file during editing. panic(8S) which describes what happens when the system crashes, savecore(8) which can be used to analyze system crash dumps. Occasionally useful as adjuncts to the fsck(8) file system repair program are clri(8), dcheck(8), icheck(8), and ncheck(8).
Configuring a new version of the kernel requires using the program config(8); major system bootstraps often require the use of mkproto(8). New devices are added to the /dev directory (once device drivers are configured into the system) using makedev(8) and mknod(8). The installboot(8S) command can be used to install freshly compiled programs. The catman(8) command preformats the on-line manual pages.
Resource accounting is enabled by the accton command, and summarized by sa(8). Login time accounting is performed by ac(8). Disk quotas are managed using quot(8), quotacheck(8), quotaon(8), and repquota(8).
A number of servers and daemon processes are described in this section. The update(8) daemon forces delayed file system I/O to occur and cron(8) runs periodic events (such as removing temporary files from the disk periodically). The syslogd(8) daemon maintains the system error log. The init(8) process is the initial process created when the system boots. It manages the reboot process and creates the initial login prompts on the various system terminals, using getty(8). The Internet super-server inetd(8C) invokes all other internet servers as needed. These servers include the remote shell servers rshd(8C) and rexecd(8C), the remote login server rlogind(8C), the FTP and TELNET daemons ftpd(8C), and telnetd(8C), the TFTP daemon tftpd(8C), and the mail arrival notification daemon comsat(8C). Other network daemons include the ‘load average/who is logged in’ daemon rwhod(8C), the routing daemon routed(8C), and the mail daemon sendmail(8).
If network protocols are being debugged, then the protocol debugging trace program trpt(8C) is often useful. Remote magnetic tape access is provided by rsh and rmt(8C). Remote line printer access is provided by lpd(8), and control over the various print queues is provided by lpc(8). Printer cost-accounting is done through pac(8).
Network host tables may be gotten from the ARPA NIC using gettable(8C) and converted to UNIX-system-usable format using htable(8). The omninet(8) command can be used for network query and administration of the Network Coprocessor.
RPC and NFS daemons
RPC and NFS daemons include:
portmap used by RPC based services.
ypbind used by the Network Information Service (NIS) to locate the NIS server. Note: the Network Information Service (NIS) was formerly known as Sun Yellow Pages (YP). The functionality of the two remains the same; only the name has changed.
biod used by NFS clients to read ahead to, and write behind from, network file systems.
nfsd the NFS server process that responds to NFS requests on NFS server machines.
omni_nfsd
the NFS server process that responds to NFS requests on server machines with the Network Coprocessor product installed.
ypserv the NIS server, typically run on each NFS server.
rstatd the server counterpart of the remote speedometer tools.
mountd the mount server that runs on NFS server machines and responds to requests by other machines to mount file systems.
rwalld used for broadcasting messages over the network.
LIST OF MAINTENANCE COMMANDS
NameAppears on PageDescription
acac(8) login accounting
acctcmsacctcms(8) command summary from per-process accounting records
acctcon1acctcon(8) connect-time accounting
acctcon2acctcon(8) connect-time accounting
acctdiskacct(8) miscellaneous accounting commands
acctdusgacct(8) miscellaneous accounting commands
acctmergacctmerg(8) merge or add total accounting files
acctonacct(8) miscellaneous accounting commands
acctonsa(8) system accounting
acctprc1acctprc(8) process accounting
acctprc2acctprc(8) process accounting
acctwtmpacct(8) miscellaneous accounting commands
adbgenadbgen(8) generate adb script
add_clientadd_client(8) create a diskless network bootable NFS client on a server
add_servicesadd_services(8) provide software installation services for any architecture
adduseradduser(8) procedure for adding new users
advadv(8) advertise a directory for remote access with RFS
analyzeold-analyze(8) postmortem system crash analyzer
arparp(8C) address resolution display and control
auditaudit(8) audit trail maintenance
auditdauditd(8) audit daemon
audit_warnaudit_warn(8) audit daemon warning script
automountautomount(8) automatically mount NFS file systems
biodnfsd(8) NFS daemons
bootboot(8S) start the system kernel, or a standalone program
bootparamdbootparamd(8) boot parameter server
C2convc2conv(8) convert system to or from C2 security
C2unconvc2conv(8) convert system to or from C2 security
captoinfocaptoinfo(8V) convert a termcap description into a terminfo description
catmancatman(8) create the cat files for the manual
change_loginchange_login(8) control screen blanking and choice of login utility
chargefeeacctsh(8) shell procedures for accounting
check4set4(8) check the virtual address space limit flag in a module
chownchown(8) change owner
chrootchroot(8) change root directory for a command
chrtblchrtbl(8) generate character classification table
ckpacctacctsh(8) shell procedures for accounting
clientclient(8) add or remove diskless Sun386i systems
clriclri(8) clear inode
colldefcolldef(8) convert collation sequence source definition
comsatcomsat(8C) biff server
configconfig(8) build system configuration files
copy_homecopy_home(8) fetch default startup files for new home directories
crashcrash(8) examine system images
croncron(8) clock daemon
dbconfigdbconfig(8) initializes the dial box
dcheckdcheck(8) file system directory consistency check
devinfodevinfo(8S) print out system device information
devnmdevnm(8V) device name
diskusgdiskusg(8) generate disk accounting data by user
dkctldkctl(8) control special disk operations
dkinfodkinfo(8) report information about a disk’s geometry and partitioning
dmesgdmesg(8) collect system diagnostic messages to form error log
dnamedname(8) print RFS domain and network names
dodiskacctsh(8) shell procedures for accounting
dorfsdorfs(8) initialize, start and stop RFS automatically
dumpdump(8) incremental file system dump
dumpfsdumpfs(8) dump file system information
edquotaedquota(8) edit user quotas
eepromeeprom(8S) EEPROM display and load utility
etherdetherd(8C) Ethernet statistics server
etherfindetherfind(8C) find packets on Ethernet
exportfsexportfs(8) export and unexport directories to NFS clients
extract_filesextract_files(8) extract files from release media
extract_unbundledextract_unbundled(8) extract and execute unbundled-product installation scripts
fastbootfastboot(8) reboot/halt the system without checking the disks
fasthaltfastboot(8) reboot/halt the system without checking the disks
fingerdfingerd(8C) remote user information server
formatformat(8S) disk partitioning and maintenance utility
fpa_downloadfpa_download(8) download to the Floating Point Accelerator
fparelfparel(8) Sun FPA online reliability tests
fpaversionfpaversion(8) print FPA version, load microcode
fpurelfpurel(8) perform tests the Sun Floating Point Co-processor
fpuversion4fpuversion4(8) print the Sun-4 FPU version
fsckfsck(8) file system consistency check and interactive repair
fsirandfsirand(8) install random inode generation numbers
ftpdftpd(8C) TCP/IP Internet File Transfer Protocol server
fumountfumount(8) force unmount of an advertised RFS resource
fusagefusage(8) RFS disk access profiler
fuserfuser(8) identify processes using a file or file structure
fwtmpfwtmp(8) manipulate connect accounting records
gencatinstalltxt(8) create a message archive
gettablegettable(8C) get DARPA Internet format host table from a host
gettygetty(8) set terminal mode
gid_allocduid_allocd(8C) UID and GID allocator daemons
gpconfiggpconfig(8) initialize the Graphics Processor
grpckgrpck(8V) check group database entries
gxtestgxtest(8S) stand alone test for the Sun video graphics board
halthalt(8) stop the processor
hostrfshostrfs(8) Convert IP addresses to RFS format
htablehtable(8) convert DoD Internet format host table
icheckicheck(8) file system storage consistency check
idloadidload(8) RFS user and group mapping
ifconfigifconfig(8C) configure network interface parameters
imemtestimemtest(8S) stand alone memory test
in.comsatcomsat(8C) biff server
inetdinetd(8C) Internet services daemon
in.fingerdfingerd(8C) remote user information server
infocmpinfocmp(8V) compare or print out terminfo descriptions
in.ftpdftpd(8C) TCP/IP Internet File Transfer Protocol server
initinit(8) process control initialization
in.namednamed(8C) Internet domain name server
in.rexecdrexecd(8C) remote execution server
in.rlogindrlogind(8C) remote login server
in.routedrouted(8C) network routing daemon
in.rshdrshd(8C) remote shell server
in.rwhodrwhod(8C) system status server
installbootinstallboot(8S) install bootblocks in a disk partition
install_small_kernelinstall_small_kernel(8) install a small, pre-configured kernel
installtxtinstalltxt(8) create a message archive
in.talkdtalkd(8C) server for talk program
in.telnetdtelnetd(8C) TCP/IP TELNET protocol server
in.tftpdtftpd(8C) TCP/IP Trivial File Transfer Protocol server
in.tnamedtnamed(8C) TCP/IP Trivial name server
intrintr(8) allow a command to be interruptible
iostatiostat(8) report I/O statistics
ipallocdipallocd(8C) Ethernet-to-IP address allocator
kadbkadb(8S) adb-like kernel and standalone-program debugger
keyenvoykeyenvoy(8C) talk to keyserver
keyservkeyserv(8C) server for storing public and private keys
kgmonkgmon(8) generate a dump of the operating system’s profile buffers
lastloginacctsh(8) shell procedures for accounting
ldconfigldconfig(8) link-editor configuration
linklink(8V) exercise link and unlink system calls
list_fileslist_files(8) list files from release media
listennlsadmin(8) network listener service administration for RFS
lockdlockd(8C) network lock daemon
logintoollogintool(8) graphic login interface
lpclpc(8) line printer control program
lpdlpd(8) printer daemon
mailstatsmailstats(8) print statistics collected by sendmail
makedbmmakedbm(8) make a NIS ndbm file
MAKEDEVmakedev(8) make system special files
MAKEDEV.omnimakedev.omni(8) make Interphase Network Coprocessor special files
makekeymakekey(8) generate encryption key
mc68881versionmc68881version(8) print the MC68881 mask number and approximate clock rate
mconnectmconnect(8) connect to SMTP mail server socket
mkfilemkfile(8) create a file
mkfsmkfs(8) construct a file system
mknodmknod(8) build special file
mkprotomkproto(8) construct a prototype file system
modloadmodload(8) load a module
modstatmodstat(8) display status of loadable modules
modunloadmodunload(8) unload a module
monacctacctsh(8) shell procedures for accounting
monitormonitor(8S) system ROM monitor
mountdmountd(8C) NFS mount request server
mountmount(8) mount and unmount file systems
mount_tfsmount_tfs(8) mount and dismount TFS filesystems
namednamed(8C) Internet domain name server
ncheckncheck(8) generate names from i-numbers
ndbootd ndbootd(8C) ND boot block server
neloadneload(8) Interphase Network Coprocessor loader
nestatnestat(8) Interphase Network Coprocessor statistics
nestopnestop(8) Interphase Network Coprocessor failure trigger
netconfignetconfig(8C) PNP boot service
netstatnetstat(8C) show network status
newaliasesnewaliases(8) rebuild the data base for the mail aliases file
newatchnewatch(8) Interphase Network Coprocessor watchdog and uploader
newfsnewfs(8) create a new file system
newkeynewkey(8) create a new key in the publickey database
nfsdnfsd(8) NFS daemons
nfsstatnfsstat(8C) Network File System statistics
nlsadminnlsadmin(8) network listener service administration for RFS
nslookupnslookup(8C) query domain name servers interactively
nsquerynsquery(8) RFS name server query
nulladmacctsh(8) shell procedures for accounting
old-analyzeold-analyze(8) postmortem system crash analyzer
omni_nfsdomni_nfsd(8) Interphase Network Coprocessor NFS daemons
omninetomninet(8) Interphase Network Coprocessor query and administration
pacpac(8) printer/plotter accounting information
panicpanic(8S) what happens when the system crashes
pingping(8C) send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts
pnpbootpnpboot(8C) pnp diskless boot service
pnpdpnpd(8C) PNP daemon
pnp.s386pnpboot(8C) pnp diskless boot service
portmapportmap(8C) TCP/IP port to RPC program number mapper
prauditpraudit(8) print contents of an audit trail file
prctmpacctsh(8) shell procedures for accounting
prdailyacctsh(8) shell procedures for accounting
prtacctacctsh(8) shell procedures for accounting
pstatpstat(8) print system facts
pwckpwck(8V) check password database entries
pwdauthdpwdauthd(8C) server for authenticating passwords
quotacheckquotacheck(8) file system quota consistency checker
quotaoffquotaon(8) turn file system quotas on and off
quotaonquotaon(8) turn file system quotas on and off
quotquot(8) summarize file system ownership
rarpdrarpd(8C) TCP/IP Reverse Address Resolution Protocol server
rcrc(8) command scripts for auto-reboot and daemons
rc.bootrc(8) command scripts for auto-reboot and daemons
rc.localrc(8) command scripts for auto-reboot and daemons
rdaterdate(8C) set system date from a remote host
rdumpdump(8) incremental file system dump
rebootreboot(8) restart the operating system
renicerenice(8) alter nice value of running processes
repquotarepquota(8) summarize quotas for a file system
restorerestore(8) incremental file system restore
rexdrexd(8C) RPC-based remote execution server
rexecdrexecd(8C) remote execution server
rfadminrfadmin(8) RFS domain administration
rfpasswdrfpasswd(8) change RFS host password
rfstartrfstart(8) start RFS
rfstoprfstop(8) stop the RFS environment
rfuadminrfuadmin(8) RFS notification shell script
rfudaemonrfudaemon(8) Remote File Sharing daemon
rlogindrlogind(8C) remote login server
rmailrmail(8C) handle remote mail received via uucp
rm_clientrm_client(8) remove an NFS client
rmntstatrmntstat(8) display RFS mounted resource information
rmtrmt(8C) remote magtape protocol module
routeroute(8C) manually manipulate the routing tables
routedrouted(8C) network routing daemon
rpc.etherdetherd(8C) Ethernet statistics server
rpcinforpcinfo(8C) report RPC information
rpc.lockdlockd(8C) network lock daemon
rpc.mountdmountd(8C) NFS mount request server
rpc.rexdrexd(8C) RPC-based remote execution server
rpc.rquotadrquotad(8C) remote quota server
rpc.rstatdrstatd(8C) kernel statistics server
rpc.rusersdrusersd(8C) network username server
rpc.rwalldrwalld(8C) network rwall server
rpc.spraydsprayd(8C) spray server
rpc.statdstatd(8C) network status monitor
rpc.yppasswddyppasswdd(8C) server for modifying NIS password file
rpc.ypupdatedypupdated(8C) server for changing NIS information
rquotadrquotad(8C) remote quota server
rrestorerestore(8) incremental file system restore
rshdrshd(8C) remote shell server
rstatdrstatd(8C) kernel statistics server
runacctacctsh(8) shell procedures for accounting
runacctrunacct(8) run daily accounting
rusagerusage(8) print resource usage for a command
rusersdrusersd(8C) network username server
rwalldrwalld(8C) network rwall server
rwhodrwhod(8C) system status server
sasa(8) system accounting
savecoresavecore(8) save a core dump of the operating system
sendmailsendmail(8) send mail over the internet
set4set4(8) set the virtual address space limit flag in a module
setsidsetsid(8V) set process to session leader
showfhdshowfhd(8C) showfh daemon run on the NFS servers
showfhshowfh(8C) print full pathname of file from the NFS file handle
showmountshowmount(8) show all remote mounts
shutacctacctsh(8) shell procedures for accounting
shutdownshutdown(8) close down the system at a given time
skyversionskyversion(8) print the SKYFFP board microcode version number
spraydsprayd(8C) spray server
sprayspray(8C) spray packets
start_applicstart_applic(8) generic application startup procedures
startupacctsh(8) shell procedures for accounting
statdstatd(8C) network status monitor
stickysticky(8) mark files for special treatment
sundiagsundiag(8) system diagnostics
suninstallsuninstall(8) install and upgrade the SunOS operating system
swaponswapon(8) specify additional device for paging and swapping
syslogdsyslogd(8) log system messages
sys-unconfigsys-unconfig(8) undo a system’s configuration
talkdtalkd(8C) server for talk program
telnetdtelnetd(8C) TCP/IP TELNET protocol server
tfsdtfsd(8) TFS daemon
tftpdtftpd(8C) TCP/IP Trivial File Transfer Protocol server
tictic(8V) terminfo compiler
tnamedtnamed(8C) TCP/IP Trivial name server
trpttrpt(8C) transliterate protocol trace
ttysoftcarttysoftcar(8) enable/disable carrier detect
tunefstunefs(8) tune up an existing file system
turnacctacctsh(8) shell procedures for accounting
tzsetuptzsetup(8) set up old-style time zone information in the kernel
uid_allocduid_allocd(8C) UID and GID allocator daemons
umountmount(8) mount and unmount file systems
umount_tfsmount_tfs(8) mount and dismount TFS filesystems
unadvunadv(8) unadvertise a Remote File Sharing resource
unconfigureunconfigure(8) reset the network configuration for a Sun386i system
unixname2bootnameunixname2bootname(8) convert SunOS device name to boot device name
unlinklink(8V) exercise link and unlink system calls
unset4set4(8) unset the virtual address space limit flag in a module
updateupdate(8) periodically update the super block
user_agentduser_agentd(8C) user agent daemon
uucheckuucheck(8C) check the UUCP directories and Permissions file
uucicouucico(8C) file transport program for the UUCP system
uucleanuuclean(8C) uucp spool directory clean-up
uucleanupuucleanup(8C) UUCP spool directory clean-up
uucpduucpd(8C) UUCP server
uuscheduusched(8C) the scheduler for the UUCP file transport program
uuxqtuuxqt(8C) execute remote command requests
vipwvipw(8) edit the password file
vmstatvmstat(8) report virtual memory statistics
wtmpfixfwtmp(8) manipulate connect accounting records
ypbatchupdypbatchupd(8C) NIS batch update daemon
ypbindypserv(8) NIS server and binder processes
ypinitypinit(8) build and install NIS database
ypmakeypmake(8) rebuild NIS database
yppasswddyppasswdd(8C) server for modifying NIS password file
yppollyppoll(8) version of NIS map at NIS server
yppushyppush(8) force propagation of changed NIS map
ypservypserv(8) NIS server and binder processes
ypsetypset(8) point ypbind at a particular server
ypsyncypsync(8) collect most up-to-date NIS maps
ypupdatedypupdated(8C) server for changing NIS information
ypxfrypxfr(8) transfer NIS map from NIS server to here
zdumpzdump(8) time zone dumper
ziczic(8) time zone compiler
Interphase Corp.