Manual — GL1 W2.1

1. Commands (intro)

300	handle special functions of DASI 300 and 300s terminals	[ 300, 300s ]
300s	handle special functions of DASI 300 and 300s terminals	[ 300, 300s ]
4014	paginator for the Tektronix 4014 terminal
450	handle special functions of the DASI 450 terminal
Mail	send and receive mail
acctcom	search and print process accounting file(s)
adb	debugger
addbib	create or extend bibliographic database
admin	create and administer SCCS files
ar	archive and library maintainer
as	assembler
asa	interpret ASA carriage control characters
at	execute commands at a later time
awk	pattern scanning and processing language
banner	make posters
banner7	print large banner on printer
basename	deliver portions of path names	[ basename, dirname ]
bc	arbitrary-precision arithmetic language
bcat	catenate and print (Berkeley cat)
bdiff	big diff
bfs	big file scanner
bs	a compiler/interpreter for modest-sized programs
cal	print calendar
calendar	reminder service
cancel	send/cancel requests to an LP line printer	[ lp, cancel ]
cat	concatenate and print files
cb	C program beautifier
cc	C, Pascal and FORTRAN compilers for the 68000	[ cc, pc, f77 ]
cd	change working directory
cdc	change the delta commentary of an SCCS delta
cflow	generate C flow graph
check	check RCS status of a file
checkcw	verifies constant-width text prepared by cw(1) for troff
checkeq	format mathematical text for nroff or troff	[ eqn, neqn, checkeq ]
checkmm	print/check documents formatted with the MM macros	[ mm, osdd, checkmm ]
chgrp	change owner or group	[ chown, chgrp ]
chmod	change mode
chown	change owner or group	[ chown, chgrp ]
ci	check in RCS revisions
clear	clear terminal screen
cmp	compare two files
co	check out RCS revisions
col	filter reverse line-feeds
comb	combine SCCS deltas
comm	select or reject lines common to two sorted files
cp	copy, link or move files	[ cp, ln, mv ]
cpio	copy file archives in and out
cpp	the C language preprocessor
crypt	encode/decode
csh	a shell (command interpreter) with C-like syntax
csplit	context split
ctags	maintain a tags file for a C program
cut	cut out selected fields of each line of a file
cw	prepare constant-width text for troff	[ cw, checkcw ]
cxref	generate C program cross reference
date	print and set the date
dbx	debugger
dc	desk calculator
dd	convert and copy a file
delta	make a delta (change) to an SCCS file
deroff	remove nroff/troff, tbl, and eqn constructs
diction	print wordy sentences; thesaurus for diction	[ diction, explain ]
diff	differential file comparator
diff3	3-way differential file comparison
diffmk	mark differences between files
dircmp	directory comparison
dirname	deliver portions of path names	[ basename, dirname ]
disable	enable/disable LP printers	[ enable, disable ]
du	summarize disk usage
dump	dump selected parts of an object file
echo	echo arguments
ed	text editor	[ ed, red ]
edit	text editor	[ ex, edit ]
efl	Extended Fortran Language
egrep	search a file for a pattern	[ grep, egrep, fgrep ]
enable	enable/disable LP printers	[ enable, disable ]
env	set environment for command execution
eqn	format mathematical text for nroff or troff	[ eqn, neqn, checkeq ]
ex	text editor	[ ex, edit ]
expr	evaluate arguments as an expression
extcentry	extract FORTRAN-callable entry points from a C file
factor	factor a number
false	provide truth values	[ true, false ]
fgrep	search a file for a pattern	[ grep, egrep, fgrep ]
file	determine file type
find	find files
fload	initialize the Sky floating point processor
fmt	simple text formatter
fold	fold long lines for finite width output device
freq	report on character frequencies in a file
fsplit	split fortran, ratfor, or efl files
gclear	clear IRIS graphics screen
get	get a version of an SCCS file
getopt	parse command options
greek	select terminal filter
grep	search a file for a pattern	[ grep, egrep, fgrep ]
hashcheck	find spelling errors	[ spell, hashmake, spellin, hashcheck ]
hashmake	find spelling errors	[ spell, hashmake, spellin, hashcheck ]
head	give first few lines
help	ask for help
hostname	set or print name of current host system
hp	handle special functions of HP 2640 and 2621-series terminals
hyphen	find hyphenated words
id	print user and group IDs and names
ident	identify files
intro	introduction to commands and application programs
iostat	report I/O statistics
irisdemo	an animated presentation touting the IRIS
join	relational database operator
kill	terminate a process
last	indicate last logins of users and teletypes
lav	show load average
ld	link editor
lex	generate programs for simple lexical tasks
library	create a library of FORTRAN and Pascal objects
line	read one line
lint	a C program checker
ln	copy, link or move files	[ cp, ln, mv ]
login	sign on
logname	get login name
lookbib	build inverted index for a bibliography, find references in a bibliography	[ indxbib, lookbib ]
lorder	find ordering relation for an object library
lp	send/cancel requests to an LP line printer	[ lp, cancel ]
lpr	line printer spooler
lpstat	print LP status information
ls	list contents of directory (enhanced Berkeley version)
m4	macro processor
machid	provide truth value about your processor type	[ m68000, m68k, pdp11, u3b, vax ]
mail	send mail to users or read mail	[ mail, rmail ]
make	maintain, update, and regenerate groups of programs
makekey	generate encryption key
man	print entries in this manual	[ man, manprog ]
merge	three-way file merge
mesg	permit or deny messages
mkdir	make a directory
mkf2c	generate C-FORTRAN interface routines	[ mkf2c, mkc2f ]
mklost+found	make a lost+found directory for fsck	[ /etc/mklost+found ]
mkstr	create an error message file by massaging C source
mm	print/check documents formatted with the MM macros	[ mm, osdd, checkmm ]
mmt	typeset documents, view graphs, and slides	[ mmt, mvt ]
more	file perusal filter for crt viewing
mv	copy, link or move files	[ cp, ln, mv ]
neqn	format mathematical text for nroff or troff	[ eqn, neqn, checkeq ]
newform	change the format of a text file
newfs	create a new file system
newgrp	log in to a new group
news	print news items
nice	run a command at low priority
nl	line numbering filter
nm	print name list
nohup	run a command immune to hangups (sh only)
nroff	format text
od	octal dump
osdd	print/check documents formatted with the MM macros	[ mm, osdd, checkmm ]
pack	compress and expand files	[ pack, pcat, unpack ]
passwd	change login password
paste	merge same lines of several files or subsequent lines of one file
pcat	compress and expand files	[ pack, pcat, unpack ]
pdp11	provide truth value about your processor type	[ m68000, m68k, pdp11, u3b, vax ]
pr	print files
printenv	print out the environment
prof	display profile data
prs	print an SCCS file
ps	process status
ptx	permuted index
pwd	working directory name
ranlib	convert archives to random libraries
rcs	change RCS file attributes
rcsdiff	compare RCS revisions
rcsintro	introduction to RCS commands
rcsmerge	merge RCS revisions
red	text editor	[ ed, red ]
refer	find and insert literature references in documents
regcmp	regular expression compile
reset	reset the teletype bits to a sensible state
reshape	reshape the console textport
rlog	print log messages and other information about RCS files
rm	remove files or directories	[ rm, rmdir ]
rmail	send mail to users or read mail	[ mail, rmail ]
rmdel	remove a delta from an SCCS file
rmdir	remove files or directories	[ rm, rmdir ]
roffbib	run off bibliographic database
sact	print current SCCS file editing activity
sadp	disk access profiler
sar	system activity reporter
sccsdiff	compare two versions of an SCCS file
script	make typescript of terminal session
sdiff	side-by-side difference program
sed	stream editor
see	see what a file has in it
sgilabel	print the SGI disk label from a drive
sh	shell, the standard/restricted command programming language	[ sh, rsh ]
size	size of an object file
sleep	suspend execution for an interval
smt	streaming magnetic tape manipulation program
sno	SNOBOL interpreter
sort	sort and/or merge files
sortbib	sort bibliographic database
spell	find spelling errors	[ spell, hashmake, spellin, hashcheck ]
spellin	find spelling errors	[ spell, hashmake, spellin, hashcheck ]
split	split a file into pieces
strings	find the printable strings in an object, or other binary file
strip	remove symbols and relocation bits
stty	set the options for a terminal
style	analyze surface characteristics of a document
su	become super-user or another user
sum	print checksum and block count of a file
sync	update the super block
tabs	set tabs on a terminal
tail	deliver the last part of a file
tar	tape archiver
tbl	format tables for nroff or troff
tc	phototypesetter simulator
tee	pipe fitting
test	condition evaluation command
time	time a command
touch	update access and modification times of a file
tp	manipulate tape archive
tpblank	prohibits the system from updating the textport
tpon	turn on the console textport
tr	translate characters
troff	typeset text
true	provide truth values	[ true, false ]
tset	set or reset the teletype bits to a sensible state	[ tset, reset ]
tsort	topological sort
tty	get the terminal’s name
u3b	provide truth value about your processor type	[ m68000, m68k, pdp11, u3b, vax ]
ul	do underlining
umask	set file-creation mode mask
uname	print name of current UNIX System
unget	undo a previous get of an SCCS file
uniq	report repeated lines in a file
units	conversion program
unpack	compress and expand files	[ pack, pcat, unpack ]
uptime	show how long system has been up
val	validate SCCS file
vax	provide truth value about your processor type	[ m68000, m68k, pdp11, u3b, vax ]
vc	version control
vi	screen oriented (visual) display editor based on ex	[ vi, view ]
view	screen oriented (visual) display editor based on ex	[ vi, view ]
vmstat	report virtual memory statistics
w	who is on and what they are doing
wait	await completion of process
wc	word count
what	identify SCCS files
whereis	locate source, binary, and or manual for program
who	who is on the system
write	write to another user
wsiris	emulate an IRIS terminal with a workstation
xargs	construct argument list(s) and execute command
xcp	remote file copy
xlogin	remote login
xstr	extract strings from C programs to implement shared strings
xx	remote shell
yacc	yet another compiler-compiler

1C. Communications Commands

ct	spawn getty to a remote terminal
cu	call another UNIX System
dpr	off-line print
uucp	unix to unix copy	[ uucp, uulog, uuname ]
uudecode	encode/decode a binary file for transmission via mail	[ uuencode, uudecode ]
uuencode	encode/decode a binary file for transmission via mail	[ uuencode, uudecode ]
uulog	unix to unix copy	[ uucp, uulog, uuname ]
uuname	unix to unix copy	[ uucp, uulog, uuname ]
uupick	public UNIX System-to-UNIX System file copy	[ uuto, uupick ]
uustat	uucp status inquiry and job control
uuto	public UNIX System-to-UNIX System file copy	[ uuto, uupick ]
uux	unix to unix command execution

1D. IRIS GL Demos

car	display of car body in wireframe & surface form
cube	real-time display of famous cube puzzle
curve	fast interactive cubic curve display
flow	display of complex scientific data base
hem	three dimensional display of the Cytochrome P450 protein molecule
patran	PATRAN simulation of the space shuttle
robot	control a robot arm

1G. Graphics Commands

graph	draw a graph
graphics	access graphical and numerical commands
gutil	graphical utilities
plot	graphics filters
sag	system activity graph
spline	interpolate smooth curve
tplot	graphics filters

1M. Maintenance Commands (intro)

accept	allow/prevent LP requests	[ accept, reject ]
acct	overview of accounting and miscellaneous accounting commands	[ acctdisk, acctdusg, accton, acctwtmp ]
acctcms	command summary from per-process accounting records
acctcon	connect-time accounting	[ acctcon1, acctcon2 ]
acctcon1	connect-time accounting	[ acctcon1, acctcon2 ]
acctcon2	connect-time accounting	[ acctcon1, acctcon2 ]
acctdisk	overview of accounting and miscellaneous accounting commands	[ acctdisk, acctdusg, accton, acctwtmp ]
acctdusg	overview of accounting and miscellaneous accounting commands	[ acctdisk, acctdusg, accton, acctwtmp ]
acctmerg	merge or add total accounting files
accton	overview of accounting and miscellaneous accounting commands	[ acctdisk, acctdusg, accton, acctwtmp ]
acctprc	process accounting	[ acctprc1, acctprc2 ]
acctprc1	process accounting	[ acctprc1, acctprc2 ]
acctprc2	process accounting	[ acctprc1, acctprc2 ]
acctsh	shell procedures for accounting	[ chargefee, ckpacct, dodisk, lastlogin, monacct, nulladm, prctmp, prdaily, prtacct, runacct, shutacct, startup, turnacct ]
acctwtmp	overview of accounting and miscellaneous accounting commands	[ acctdisk, acctdusg, accton, acctwtmp ]
backup	interactive backup program for SGI IRIS workstation
bcopy	interactive block copy
brc	system initialization shell scripts	[ brc, bcheckrc, rc, powerfail ]
chargefee	shell procedures for accounting	[ chargefee, ckpacct, dodisk, lastlogin, monacct, nulladm, prctmp, prdaily, prtacct, runacct, shutacct, startup, turnacct ]
chroot	change root directory for a command
ckpacct	shell procedures for accounting	[ chargefee, ckpacct, dodisk, lastlogin, monacct, nulladm, prctmp, prdaily, prtacct, runacct, shutacct, startup, turnacct ]
clri	clear i-node
cron	clock daemon
devnm	device name
df	report number of free disk blocks
ff	list file names and statistics for a file system
filesave	daily/weekly UNIX file system backup	[ filesave, tapesave ]
finc	fast incremental backup
fload	initialize the Sky floating point processor
frec	recover files from a backup tape
fsck	file system consistency check and interactive repair	[ fsck, dfsck ]
fsdb	file system debugger
fuser	identify processes using a file or file structure
fwtmp	manipulate connect accounting records	[ fwtmp, wtmpfix ]
getty	set terminal type, modes, speed, and line discipline
grpck	password/group file checkers	[ pwck, grpck ]
init	process control initialization	[ init, telinit ]
install	install commands
intro	introduction to system maintenance commands and application programs
killall	kill all active processes
labelit	copy file systems with label checking	[ volcopy, labelit ]
link	exercise link and unlink system calls	[ link, unlink ]
lpadmin	configure the LP spooling system
lpmove	start/stop the LP request scheduler and move requests	[ lpsched, lpshut, lpmove ]
lpsched	start/stop the LP request scheduler and move requests	[ lpsched, lpshut, lpmove ]
lpshut	start/stop the LP request scheduler and move requests	[ lpsched, lpshut, lpmove ]
mkfs	construct a file system
mknod	build special file
monacct	shell procedures for accounting	[ chargefee, ckpacct, dodisk, lastlogin, monacct, nulladm, prctmp, prdaily, prtacct, runacct, shutacct, startup, turnacct ]
mount	mount and dismount file system	[ mount, umount ]
multi	switch the system to multi-user mode
mvdir	move a directory
ncheck	generate names from i-numbers
nulladm	shell procedures for accounting	[ chargefee, ckpacct, dodisk, lastlogin, monacct, nulladm, prctmp, prdaily, prtacct, runacct, shutacct, startup, turnacct ]
prctmp	shell procedures for accounting	[ chargefee, ckpacct, dodisk, lastlogin, monacct, nulladm, prctmp, prdaily, prtacct, runacct, shutacct, startup, turnacct ]
prdaily	shell procedures for accounting	[ chargefee, ckpacct, dodisk, lastlogin, monacct, nulladm, prctmp, prdaily, prtacct, runacct, shutacct, startup, turnacct ]
prfdc	operating system profiler	[ prfld, prfstat, prfdc, prfsnap, prfpr ]
prfld	operating system profiler	[ prfld, prfstat, prfdc, prfsnap, prfpr ]
prfpr	operating system profiler	[ prfld, prfstat, prfdc, prfsnap, prfpr ]
prfsnap	operating system profiler	[ prfld, prfstat, prfdc, prfsnap, prfpr ]
prfstat	operating system profiler	[ prfld, prfstat, prfdc, prfsnap, prfpr ]
profiler	operating system profiler	[ prfld, prfstat, prfdc, prfsnap, prfpr ]
prtacct	shell procedures for accounting	[ chargefee, ckpacct, dodisk, lastlogin, monacct, nulladm, prctmp, prdaily, prtacct, runacct, shutacct, startup, turnacct ]
pstat	print system facts
pwck	password/group file checkers	[ pwck, grpck ]
reboot	UNIX bootstrapping procedures
reject	allow/prevent LP requests	[ accept, reject ]
runacct	run daily accounting
sa1	system activity report package	[ sa1, sa2, sadc ]
sa2	system activity report package	[ sa1, sa2, sadc ]
sadc	system activity report package	[ sa1, sa2, sadc ]
sar	system activity report package	[ sa1, sa2, sadc ]
setmnt	establish mount table
sgboot	provide network boot service
sgbounce	provide network name service
shutacct	shell procedures for accounting	[ chargefee, ckpacct, dodisk, lastlogin, monacct, nulladm, prctmp, prdaily, prtacct, runacct, shutacct, startup, turnacct ]
shutdown	terminate all processing
single	switch the system to single-user mode
startup	shell procedures for accounting	[ chargefee, ckpacct, dodisk, lastlogin, monacct, nulladm, prctmp, prdaily, prtacct, runacct, shutacct, startup, turnacct ]
tapesave	daily/weekly UNIX file system backup	[ filesave, tapesave ]
telinit	process control initialization	[ init, telinit ]
turnacct	shell procedures for accounting	[ chargefee, ckpacct, dodisk, lastlogin, monacct, nulladm, prctmp, prdaily, prtacct, runacct, shutacct, startup, turnacct ]
umount	mount and dismount file system	[ mount, umount ]
unlink	exercise link and unlink system calls	[ link, unlink ]
uuclean	uucp spool directory clean-up
uusub	monitor uucp network
volcopy	copy file systems with label checking	[ volcopy, labelit ]
wall	write to all users
whodo	who is doing what

2. System Calls (intro)

_exit	terminate process	[ exit, _exit ]
access	determine accessibility of a file
acct	enable or disable process accounting
alarm	set a process’s alarm clock
brk	change data segment space allocation	[ brk, sbrk ]
chdir	change working directory
chmod	change mode of file
chown	change owner and group of a file
chroot	change root directory
close	close a file descriptor
creat	create a new file or rewrite an existing one
dup	duplicate an open file descriptor
exec	execute a file	[ execl, execv, execle, execve, execlp, execvp ]
exit	terminate process	[ exit, _exit ]
fcntl	file control
fork	create a new process
fstat	get file status	[ stat, fstat ]
getegid	get real user, effective user, real group, and effective group IDs	[ getuid, geteuid, getgid, getegid ]
geteuid	get real user, effective user, real group, and effective group IDs	[ getuid, geteuid, getgid, getegid ]
getgid	get real user, effective user, real group, and effective group IDs	[ getuid, geteuid, getgid, getegid ]
gethostname	get name of current host
getpgrp	get process, process group, and parent process IDs	[ getpid, getpgrp, getppid ]
getpid	get process, process group, and parent process IDs	[ getpid, getpgrp, getppid ]
getppid	get process, process group, and parent process IDs	[ getpid, getpgrp, getppid ]
getuid	get real user, effective user, real group, and effective group IDs	[ getuid, geteuid, getgid, getegid ]
intro	introduction to system calls and error numbers
ioctl	control device
kill	send a signal to a process or a group of processes
link	link to a file
lseek	move read/write file pointer
mknod	make a directory, or a special or ordinary file
mount	mount a file system
msgctl	message control operations
msgget	get message queue
msgop	message operations
nice	change priority of a process
open	open for reading or writing
pause	suspend process until signal
phys	allow a process to access physical addresses
pipe	create an interprocess channel
plock	lock process, text, or data in memory
profil	execution time profile
ptrace	process trace
read	read from file
reboot	reboot the system
sbrk	change data segment space allocation	[ brk, sbrk ]
semctl	semaphore control operations
semget	get set of semaphores
semop	semaphore operations
setgid	set user and group IDs	[ setuid, setgid ]
sethostname	set name of host cpu
setpgrp	set process group ID
setuid	set user and group IDs	[ setuid, setgid ]
shmctl	shared memory control operations
shmget	get shared memory segment
shmop	shared memory operations
signal	specify what to do upon receipt of a signal
stat	get file status	[ stat, fstat ]
stime	set time
sync	update super-block
time	get time
times	get process and child process times
ulimit	get and set user limits
umask	set and get file creation mask
umount	unmount a file system
uname	get name of current UNIX system
unlink	remove directory entry
ustat	get file system statistics
utime	set file access and modification times
uvar	returns system-specific configuration information
wait	wait for child process to stop or terminate
write	write on a file

3. Subroutines and Libraries (intro)

blt	block transfer data	[ blt, blt512 ]
directory	directory operations	[ opendir, readdir, telldir, seekdir, rewinddir, closedir ]
getwd	get current working directory pathname
intro	introduction to subroutines and libraries
termcap	terminal independent operation routines	[ tgetent, tgetnum, tgetflag, tgetstr, tgoto, tputs ]
termlib
tgetent	terminal independent operation routines	[ tgetent, tgetnum, tgetflag, tgetstr, tgoto, tputs ]
tgetflag	terminal independent operation routines	[ tgetent, tgetnum, tgetflag, tgetstr, tgoto, tputs ]
tgetnum	terminal independent operation routines	[ tgetent, tgetnum, tgetflag, tgetstr, tgoto, tputs ]
tgetstr	terminal independent operation routines	[ tgetent, tgetnum, tgetflag, tgetstr, tgoto, tputs ]
tgoto	terminal independent operation routines	[ tgetent, tgetnum, tgetflag, tgetstr, tgoto, tputs ]
tputs	terminal independent operation routines	[ tgetent, tgetnum, tgetflag, tgetstr, tgoto, tputs ]

3C. C Library

_tolower	translate characters	[ toupper, tolower, _toupper, _tolower, toascii ]
_toupper	translate characters	[ toupper, tolower, _toupper, _tolower, toascii ]
a64l	convert between long integer and base-64 ASCII string	[ a64l, l64a ]
abort	generate an IOT fault
abs	return integer absolute value
asctime	convert date and time to string	[ ctime, localtime, gmtime, asctime, tzset ]
atof	convert ASCII string to floating-point number	[ atof, _latof ]
atoi	convert string to integer	[ strtol, atol, atoi ]
atol	convert string to integer	[ strtol, atol, atoi ]
bsearch	binary search
calloc	main memory allocator	[ malloc, free, realloc, calloc ]
clock	report CPU time used
conv	translate characters	[ toupper, tolower, _toupper, _tolower, toascii ]
crypt	generate DES encryption	[ crypt, setkey, encrypt ]
ctime	convert date and time to string	[ ctime, localtime, gmtime, asctime, tzset ]
ctype	classify or translate characters	[ isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, toupper, tolower, toascii ]
dial	establish an out-going terminal line connection
drand48	generate uniformly distributed pseudo-random numbers	[ drand48, erand48, lrand48, nrand48, mrand48, jrand48, srand48, seed48, lcong48 ]
ecvt	convert single precision floating-point number to string _d_ecvt, _d_fcvt, _d_gcvt − convert double precision floating point number to string	[ ecvt, fcvt, gcvt ]
edata	last locations in program	[ end, etext, edata ]
encrypt	generate DES encryption	[ crypt, setkey, encrypt ]
end	last locations in program	[ end, etext, edata ]
endgrent	get group file entry	[ getgrent, getgrgid, getgrnam, setgrent, endgrent ]
endpwent	get password file entry	[ getpwent, getpwuid, getpwnam, setpwent, endpwent ]
endutent	access utmp file entry	[ getutent, getutid, getutline, pututline, setutent, endutent, utmpname ]
erand48	generate uniformly distributed pseudo-random numbers	[ drand48, erand48, lrand48, nrand48, mrand48, jrand48, srand48, seed48, lcong48 ]
errno	system error messages	[ perror, errno, sys_errlist, sys_nerr ]
etext	last locations in program	[ end, etext, edata ]
fcvt	convert single precision floating-point number to string _d_ecvt, _d_fcvt, _d_gcvt − convert double precision floating point number to string	[ ecvt, fcvt, gcvt ]
fpsignal	floating point exception handling system.
free	main memory allocator	[ malloc, free, realloc, calloc ]
frexp	manipulate parts of floating-point numbers	[ frexp, _lfrexp, ldexp, _lldexp, modf, _lmodf ]
ftw	walk a file tree
gcvt	convert single precision floating-point number to string _d_ecvt, _d_fcvt, _d_gcvt − convert double precision floating point number to string	[ ecvt, fcvt, gcvt ]
getcwd	get pathname of current working directory
getenv	return value for environment name
getgrent	get group file entry	[ getgrent, getgrgid, getgrnam, setgrent, endgrent ]
getgrgid	get group file entry	[ getgrent, getgrgid, getgrnam, setgrent, endgrent ]
getgrnam	get group file entry	[ getgrent, getgrgid, getgrnam, setgrent, endgrent ]
getlogin	get login name
getopt	get option letter from argument vector
getpass	read a password
getpw	get name from UID
getpwent	get password file entry	[ getpwent, getpwuid, getpwnam, setpwent, endpwent ]
getpwnam	get password file entry	[ getpwent, getpwuid, getpwnam, setpwent, endpwent ]
getpwuid	get password file entry	[ getpwent, getpwuid, getpwnam, setpwent, endpwent ]
getut	access utmp file entry	[ getutent, getutid, getutline, pututline, setutent, endutent, utmpname ]
getutent	access utmp file entry	[ getutent, getutid, getutline, pututline, setutent, endutent, utmpname ]
getutid	access utmp file entry	[ getutent, getutid, getutline, pututline, setutent, endutent, utmpname ]
getutline	access utmp file entry	[ getutent, getutid, getutline, pututline, setutent, endutent, utmpname ]
gmtime	convert date and time to string	[ ctime, localtime, gmtime, asctime, tzset ]
gsignal	software signals	[ ssignal, gsignal ]
hcreate	manage hash search tables	[ hsearch, hcreate, hdestroy ]
hdestroy	manage hash search tables	[ hsearch, hcreate, hdestroy ]
hsearch	manage hash search tables	[ hsearch, hcreate, hdestroy ]
isalnum	classify or translate characters	[ isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, toupper, tolower, toascii ]
isalpha	classify or translate characters	[ isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, toupper, tolower, toascii ]
isascii	classify or translate characters	[ isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, toupper, tolower, toascii ]
isatty	find name of a terminal	[ ttyname, isatty ]
iscntrl	classify or translate characters	[ isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, toupper, tolower, toascii ]
isdigit	classify or translate characters	[ isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, toupper, tolower, toascii ]
isgraph	classify or translate characters	[ isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, toupper, tolower, toascii ]
islower	classify or translate characters	[ isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, toupper, tolower, toascii ]
isprint	classify or translate characters	[ isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, toupper, tolower, toascii ]
ispunct	classify or translate characters	[ isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, toupper, tolower, toascii ]
isspace	classify or translate characters	[ isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, toupper, tolower, toascii ]
isupper	classify or translate characters	[ isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, toupper, tolower, toascii ]
isxdigit	classify or translate characters	[ isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, toupper, tolower, toascii ]
jrand48	generate uniformly distributed pseudo-random numbers	[ drand48, erand48, lrand48, nrand48, mrand48, jrand48, srand48, seed48, lcong48 ]
l3tol	convert between 3-byte integers and long integers	[ l3tol, ltol3 ]
l64a	convert between long integer and base-64 ASCII string	[ a64l, l64a ]
lcong48	generate uniformly distributed pseudo-random numbers	[ drand48, erand48, lrand48, nrand48, mrand48, jrand48, srand48, seed48, lcong48 ]
ldexp	manipulate parts of floating-point numbers	[ frexp, _lfrexp, ldexp, _lldexp, modf, _lmodf ]
localtime	convert date and time to string	[ ctime, localtime, gmtime, asctime, tzset ]
longjmp	non-local goto	[ setjmp, longjmp ]
lrand48	generate uniformly distributed pseudo-random numbers	[ drand48, erand48, lrand48, nrand48, mrand48, jrand48, srand48, seed48, lcong48 ]
lsearch	linear search and update
ltol3	convert between 3-byte integers and long integers	[ l3tol, ltol3 ]
malloc	main memory allocator	[ malloc, free, realloc, calloc ]
memccpy	memory operations	[ memccpy, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, memset ]
memchr	memory operations	[ memccpy, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, memset ]
memcmp	memory operations	[ memccpy, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, memset ]
memcpy	memory operations	[ memccpy, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, memset ]
memory	memory operations	[ memccpy, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, memset ]
memset	memory operations	[ memccpy, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, memset ]
mktemp	make a unique file name
modf	manipulate parts of floating-point numbers	[ frexp, _lfrexp, ldexp, _lldexp, modf, _lmodf ]
monitor	prepare execution profile
mrand48	generate uniformly distributed pseudo-random numbers	[ drand48, erand48, lrand48, nrand48, mrand48, jrand48, srand48, seed48, lcong48 ]
nlist	get entries from name list
nrand48	generate uniformly distributed pseudo-random numbers	[ drand48, erand48, lrand48, nrand48, mrand48, jrand48, srand48, seed48, lcong48 ]
perror	system error messages	[ perror, errno, sys_errlist, sys_nerr ]
putpwent	write password file entry
pututline	access utmp file entry	[ getutent, getutid, getutline, pututline, setutent, endutent, utmpname ]
qsort	quicker sort
rand	simple random-number generator	[ rand, srand ]
realloc	main memory allocator	[ malloc, free, realloc, calloc ]
seed48	generate uniformly distributed pseudo-random numbers	[ drand48, erand48, lrand48, nrand48, mrand48, jrand48, srand48, seed48, lcong48 ]
setgrent	get group file entry	[ getgrent, getgrgid, getgrnam, setgrent, endgrent ]
setjmp	non-local goto	[ setjmp, longjmp ]
setkey	generate DES encryption	[ crypt, setkey, encrypt ]
setpwent	get password file entry	[ getpwent, getpwuid, getpwnam, setpwent, endpwent ]
setutent	access utmp file entry	[ getutent, getutid, getutline, pututline, setutent, endutent, utmpname ]
sleep	suspend execution for interval
srand	simple random-number generator	[ rand, srand ]
srand48	generate uniformly distributed pseudo-random numbers	[ drand48, erand48, lrand48, nrand48, mrand48, jrand48, srand48, seed48, lcong48 ]
ssignal	software signals	[ ssignal, gsignal ]
stdipc	standard interprocess communication package
strcat	string operations	[ strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok ]
strchr	string operations	[ strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok ]
strcmp	string operations	[ strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok ]
strcpy	string operations	[ strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok ]
strcspn	string operations	[ strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok ]
string	string operations	[ strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok ]
strlen	string operations	[ strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok ]
strncat	string operations	[ strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok ]
strncmp	string operations	[ strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok ]
strncpy	string operations	[ strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok ]
strpbrk	string operations	[ strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok ]
strrchr	string operations	[ strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok ]
strspn	string operations	[ strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok ]
strtok	string operations	[ strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok ]
strtol	convert string to integer	[ strtol, atol, atoi ]
swab	swap bytes
sys_errlist	system error messages	[ perror, errno, sys_errlist, sys_nerr ]
sys_nerr	system error messages	[ perror, errno, sys_errlist, sys_nerr ]
tdelete	manage binary search trees	[ tsearch, tdelete, twalk ]
toascii	translate characters	[ toupper, tolower, _toupper, _tolower, toascii ]
tolower	translate characters	[ toupper, tolower, _toupper, _tolower, toascii ]
toupper	translate characters	[ toupper, tolower, _toupper, _tolower, toascii ]
tsearch	manage binary search trees	[ tsearch, tdelete, twalk ]
ttyname	find name of a terminal	[ ttyname, isatty ]
ttyslot	find the slot in the utmp file of the current user
twalk	manage binary search trees	[ tsearch, tdelete, twalk ]
tzset	convert date and time to string	[ ctime, localtime, gmtime, asctime, tzset ]
utmpname	access utmp file entry	[ getutent, getutid, getutline, pututline, setutent, endutent, utmpname ]

3M. Math Library

acos	trigonometric functions	[ sin (_lsin), cos (_lcos), tan (_ltan), asin (_latan), acos (_lacos), atan (_latan), atan2 (_latan2) ]
asin	trigonometric functions	[ sin (_lsin), cos (_lcos), tan (_ltan), asin (_latan), acos (_lacos), atan (_latan), atan2 (_latan2) ]
atan	trigonometric functions	[ sin (_lsin), cos (_lcos), tan (_ltan), asin (_latan), acos (_lacos), atan (_latan), atan2 (_latan2) ]
atan2	trigonometric functions	[ sin (_lsin), cos (_lcos), tan (_ltan), asin (_latan), acos (_lacos), atan (_latan), atan2 (_latan2) ]
bessel	Bessel functions	[ j0, j1, jn, y0, y1, yn ]
ceil	floor, ceiling, remainder, absolute value functions	[ floor, _lfloor, ceil, _lceil, fmod, _lfmod, fabs, _lfabs ]
cos	trigonometric functions	[ sin (_lsin), cos (_lcos), tan (_ltan), asin (_latan), acos (_lacos), atan (_latan), atan2 (_latan2) ]
cosh	hyperbolic functions	[ sinh, cosh, tanh ]
erf	error function and complementary error function	[ erf, erfc ]
erfc	error function and complementary error function	[ erf, erfc ]
exp	exponential, logarithm, power, square root functions	[ exp, log, log10, pow, sqrt ]
fabs	floor, ceiling, remainder, absolute value functions	[ floor, _lfloor, ceil, _lceil, fmod, _lfmod, fabs, _lfabs ]
floor	floor, ceiling, remainder, absolute value functions	[ floor, _lfloor, ceil, _lceil, fmod, _lfmod, fabs, _lfabs ]
fmod	floor, ceiling, remainder, absolute value functions	[ floor, _lfloor, ceil, _lceil, fmod, _lfmod, fabs, _lfabs ]
gamma	log gamma function
hypot	Euclidean distance function
j0	Bessel functions	[ j0, j1, jn, y0, y1, yn ]
j1	Bessel functions	[ j0, j1, jn, y0, y1, yn ]
jn	Bessel functions	[ j0, j1, jn, y0, y1, yn ]
log	exponential, logarithm, power, square root functions	[ exp, log, log10, pow, sqrt ]
log10	exponential, logarithm, power, square root functions	[ exp, log, log10, pow, sqrt ]
matherr	error-handling function
pow	exponential, logarithm, power, square root functions	[ exp, log, log10, pow, sqrt ]
sin	trigonometric functions	[ sin (_lsin), cos (_lcos), tan (_ltan), asin (_latan), acos (_lacos), atan (_latan), atan2 (_latan2) ]
sinh	hyperbolic functions	[ sinh, cosh, tanh ]
sqrt	exponential, logarithm, power, square root functions	[ exp, log, log10, pow, sqrt ]
tan	trigonometric functions	[ sin (_lsin), cos (_lcos), tan (_ltan), asin (_latan), acos (_lacos), atan (_latan), atan2 (_latan2) ]
tanh	hyperbolic functions	[ sinh, cosh, tanh ]
trig	trigonometric functions	[ sin (_lsin), cos (_lcos), tan (_ltan), asin (_latan), acos (_lacos), atan (_latan), atan2 (_latan2) ]
y0	Bessel functions	[ j0, j1, jn, y0, y1, yn ]
y1	Bessel functions	[ j0, j1, jn, y0, y1, yn ]
yn	Bessel functions	[ j0, j1, jn, y0, y1, yn ]

3S. Standard I/O Library

clearerr	stream status inquiries	[ ferror, feof, clearerr, fileno ]
ctermid	generate file name for terminal
cuserid	get character login name of the user
fclose	close or flush a stream	[ fclose, fflush ]
fdopen	open a stream	[ fopen, freopen, fdopen ]
feof	stream status inquiries	[ ferror, feof, clearerr, fileno ]
ferror	stream status inquiries	[ ferror, feof, clearerr, fileno ]
fflush	close or flush a stream	[ fclose, fflush ]
fgetc	get character or word from stream	[ getc, getchar, fgetc, getw ]
fgets	get a string from a stream	[ gets, fgets ]
fileno	stream status inquiries	[ ferror, feof, clearerr, fileno ]
fopen	open a stream	[ fopen, freopen, fdopen ]
fprintf	print formatted output	[ printf, fprintf, sprintf ]
fputc	put character or word on a stream	[ putc, putchar, fputc, putw ]
fputs	put a string on a stream	[ puts, fputs ]
fread	binary input/output	[ fread, fwrite ]
freopen	open a stream	[ fopen, freopen, fdopen ]
fscanf	convert formatted input	[ scanf, fscanf, sscanf ]
fseek	reposition a file pointer in a stream	[ fseek, rewind, ftell ]
ftell	reposition a file pointer in a stream	[ fseek, rewind, ftell ]
fwrite	binary input/output	[ fread, fwrite ]
getc	get character or word from stream	[ getc, getchar, fgetc, getw ]
getchar	get character or word from stream	[ getc, getchar, fgetc, getw ]
gets	get a string from a stream	[ gets, fgets ]
getw	get character or word from stream	[ getc, getchar, fgetc, getw ]
pclose	initiate pipe to/from a process	[ popen, pclose ]
popen	initiate pipe to/from a process	[ popen, pclose ]
printf	print formatted output	[ printf, fprintf, sprintf ]
putc	put character or word on a stream	[ putc, putchar, fputc, putw ]
putchar	put character or word on a stream	[ putc, putchar, fputc, putw ]
puts	put a string on a stream	[ puts, fputs ]
putw	put character or word on a stream	[ putc, putchar, fputc, putw ]
rewind	reposition a file pointer in a stream	[ fseek, rewind, ftell ]
scanf	convert formatted input	[ scanf, fscanf, sscanf ]
setbuf	assign buffering to a stream
sprintf	print formatted output	[ printf, fprintf, sprintf ]
sscanf	convert formatted input	[ scanf, fscanf, sscanf ]
stdio	standard buffered input/output package
system	issue a shell command
tempnam	create a name for a temporary file	[ tmpnam, tempnam ]
tmpfile	create a temporary file
tmpnam	create a name for a temporary file	[ tmpnam, tempnam ]
ungetc	push character back into input stream

3X. Miscellaneous Libraries

assert	verify program assertion
curses	screen functions with “optimal” cursor motion
logname	return login name of user
plot	graphics interface subroutines
regcmp	compile and execute regular expression	[ regcmp, regex ]
regex	compile and execute regular expression	[ regcmp, regex ]
sgetl	access long numeric data in a machine independent fashion.	[ sputl, sgetl ]
sputl	access long numeric data in a machine independent fashion.	[ sputl, sgetl ]

4. Special Files (intro)

TZ	local time zone
a.out	assembler and link editor output
acct	per-process accounting file format
aliases	aliases file for Mail and rmail
ar	archive (library) file format
checklist	list of file systems processed by fsck
core	format of core image file
cpio	format of cpio archive
cshrc	csh system-wide .login file
dir	format of directories
environ	user environment
filehdr	file header for common object files
fs	format of system volume	[ file system ]
fspec	format specification in text files
gettydefs	speed and terminal settings used by getty
gps	graphical primitive string, format of graphical files
group	group file
holidays	holidays of the year
inittab	script for the init process
inode	format of an inode
intro	introduction to file formats
issue	issue identification file
ldfcn	common object file access routines
linenum	line number entries in a common object file
login	setting up a C Shell environment	[ login, cshrc ]
mnttab	mounted file system table
motd	message of the day
mt	TM78/TU-78 MASSBUS magtape interface
passwd	password file
plot	graphics interface
pnch	file format for card images
profile	setting up a Bourne Shell environment at login time
sccsfile	format of SCCS file
scnhdr	section header for a common object file
smtio	UNIX streaming magnetic tape interface
stab	symbol table types
sys_id	system identification
tp	magnetic tape format
ttytype	data base of terminal types by port
tz	local time zone
utmp	utmp and wtmp entry formats	[ utmp, wtmp ]
wtmp	utmp and wtmp entry formats	[ utmp, wtmp ]

5. File Formats (intro)

ascii	map of ASCII character set
environ	user environment
eqnchar	special character definitions for eqn and neqn
fcntl	file control options
greek	graphics for the extended TTY-37 type-box
intro	introduction to miscellany
man	macros for formatting entries in this manual
me	macros for formatting papers
mm	the MM macro package for formatting documents
mosd	the OSDD adapter macro package for formatting documents
mptx	the macro package for formatting a permuted index
ms	text formatting macros
mv	a troff macro package for typesetting view graphs and slides
rcsfile	format of RCS file
regexp	regular expression compile and match routines
stat	data returned by stat system call
term	conventional names for terminals
termcap	terminal capability data base
types	primitive system data types

6. Games and Demos (intro)

adventure	an exploration game
aliens	the alien invaders attack the earth
arithmetic	provide drill in number facts
autorobots	escape from the automatic robots
back	the game of backgammon
bcd	convert to antique media
bj	the game of black jack
chase	try to escape the killer robots
craps	the game of craps
cribbage	the card game cribbage
fish	play “Go Fish”
fortune	print a random, hopefully interesting, adage
hangman	guess the word
intro	introduction to games
life	play the game of life
mastermind
maze	generate a maze
moo	guessing game
number	convert Arabic numerals to English
quiz	test your knowledge
rain	animated raindrops display
robots	escape from the robots
rogue	exploring the Dungeons of Doom
trek	trekkie game
ttt	tic-tac-toe	[ ttt, cubic ]
twinkle	twinkle stars on the screen
worm	play the growing worm game
worms	animate worms on a display terminal
wump	the game of hunt-the-wumpus

7. Miscellaneous Facilities (intro)

intro	introduction to special files
mem	core memory	[ mem, kmem ]
null	the null file
termio	general terminal interface
tty	controlling terminal interface

8. Maintenance Procedures (intro)

boot	startup procedures
crash	what to do when the system crashes
intro	introduction to system maintenance procedures

Museum

Anchors

Manual — GL1 W2.1

1. Commands (intro)

1C. Communications Commands

1D. IRIS GL Demos

1G. Graphics Commands

1M. Maintenance Commands (intro)

2. System Calls (intro)

3. Subroutines and Libraries (intro)

3C. C Library

3M. Math Library

3S. Standard I/O Library

3X. Miscellaneous Libraries

4. Special Files (intro)

5. File Formats (intro)

6. Games and Demos (intro)

7. Miscellaneous Facilities (intro)

8. Maintenance Procedures (intro)