Manual — NEXTSTEP 1.0

Section (1)

search a file for a string

1. Commands (intro)

BuildDisk	NeXT applications	[ NeXTApps ]
DigitalLibrarian	NeXT applications	[ NeXTApps ]
DigitalQuotations	NeXT applications	[ NeXTApps ]
DigitalWebster	NeXT applications	[ NeXTApps ]
Edit	NeXT applications	[ NeXTApps ]
IB	NeXT applications	[ NeXTApps ]
Install_TeX	install TeX for use from distribution media
InterfaceBuilder	NeXT applications	[ NeXTApps ]
Librarian	NeXT applications	[ NeXTApps ]
Mail	NeXT applications	[ NeXTApps ]
Mathematica	NeXT applications	[ NeXTApps ]
NIB	NeXT applications	[ NeXTApps ]
NeXTApps	NeXT applications
NetInfoManager	NeXT applications	[ NeXTApps ]
NetManager	NeXT applications	[ NeXTApps ]
Preferences	NeXT applications	[ NeXTApps ]
Preview	NeXT applications	[ NeXTApps ]
PrintManager	NeXT applications	[ NeXTApps ]
PrinterTester	NeXT applications	[ NeXTApps ]
Quotations	NeXT applications	[ NeXTApps ]
Shell	NeXT applications	[ NeXTApps ]
TeXview	preview TeX dvi files on screen
TechReport	NeXT applications	[ NeXTApps ]
Terminal	NeXT applications	[ NeXTApps ]
UserManager	NeXT applications	[ NeXTApps ]
Webster	NeXT applications	[ NeXTApps ]
WriteNow	NeXT applications	[ NeXTApps ]
addbib	create or extend bibliographic database
apply	apply a command to a set of arguments
ar	archive and library maintainer
as	assembler
asm56000	Motorola DSP56000 Macro Cross Assembler
at	execute commands at a later time
atom	a.out to Mach-O object file converter
atq	print the queue of jobs waiting to be run
atrm	remove jobs spooled by at
awk	pattern scanning and processing language
basename	strip filename affixes
bc	arbitrary-precision arithmetic language
bibtex	make a LaTeX bibliography
biff	be notified if mail arrives and who it is from
binmail	send or receive mail among users
bison	GNU Project parser generator (yacc replacement)
buildafmdir	builds font index information
cal	print calendar
calendar	reminder service
case	command language	[ sh, for, case, if, while, :, ., break, continue, cd, eval, exec, exit, export, login, read, readonly, set, shift, times, trap, umask, wait ]
cat	catenate and print
cb	C program beautifier
cc	GNU C Compiler
cd	change working directory
checkeq	typeset mathematics	[ eqn, neqn, checkeq ]
checknr	check nroff/troff files
chfn	change password file information	[ chfn, chsh, passwd ]
chgrp	change group
chmod	change mode
chsh	change password file information	[ chfn, chsh, passwd ]
ci	check in RCS revisions
cl	Allegro CL™, an extended implementation of Common Lisp
clear	clear terminal screen
cmp	compare two files
co	check out RCS revisions
col	filter reverse line feeds
colcrt	filter nroff output for CRT previewing
colrm	remove columns from a file
comm	select or reject lines common to two sorted files
compress	compress and expand data	[ compress, uncompress, zcat ]
copy	provide copying and pasting from command line	[ copy, paste ]
cp	copy
crypt	encode/decode
csh	a shell (command interpreter) with C-like syntax
ctags	create a tags file
ctree	print C function-call trees
date	print and set the date
dbCatenate	hashed database utilities	[ dbCatenate, dbCompare, dbCompress, dbCopy, dbDescribe, dbExpand ]
dc	desk calculator
dd	convert and copy a file
deroff	remove nroff, troff, tbl and eqn constructs
df	report free disk space on file systems
diction	print wordy sentences; thesaurus for diction	[ diction, explain ]
diff	differential file and directory comparator
diff3	3-way differential file comparison
diffh	differential file and directory comparator	[ diff ]
domainname	set or display name of current domain system
dread	read from the defaults database
dremove	remove a variable from the defaults database
dspabort	Abort DSP
dspbeep	synthesize a beep using the DSP and sound output
dspimg	convert a ".lod" file into a ".dsp" file.
dsploadwrap	generate code to load a DSP linker file into the DSP
dspmsg	create include file dspmessages.h from mkmon8k and apmon8k assembly
dsptest	test the DSP
dspwrap	wrap a DSP macro in a host C function
du	summarize disk usage
dvips	convert a TeX dvi file to PostScript (PostScript is a trademark of Adobe Systems, Inc.)
dwrite	write to the defaults database
echo	echo arguments
ed	text editor
edit	text editor	[ ex, edit ]
egrep	search a file for a pattern	[ grep, egrep, fgrep ]
emacs	GNU project Emacs
enroll	secret mail	[ xsend, xget, enroll ]
enscript	convert text files to POSTSCRIPT format for printing
eqn	typeset mathematics	[ eqn, neqn, checkeq ]
error	analyze and disperse compiler error messages
ex	text editor	[ ex, edit ]
expand	expand tabs to spaces, and vice versa	[ expand, unexpand ]
explain	print wordy sentences; thesaurus for diction	[ diction, explain ]
expr	evaluate arguments as an expression
false	provide truth values	[ false, true ]
fgrep	search a file for a pattern	[ grep, egrep, fgrep ]
file	determine file type
find	find files
finger	user information lookup program
fmt	simple text formatter
fold	fold long lines for finite width output device
for	command language	[ sh, for, case, if, while, :, ., break, continue, cd, eval, exec, exit, export, login, read, readonly, set, shift, times, trap, umask, wait ]
from	who is my mail from?
gcc	GNU project C Compiler
gdb	GNU Debugger
gprof	display call graph profile data
grep	search a file for a pattern	[ grep, egrep, fgrep ]
groups	show group memberships
head	give first few lines
hostid	set or print identifier of current host system
hostinfo	display information about a Mach host
hostname	set or print name of current host system
ident	identify files
if	command language	[ sh, for, case, if, while, :, ., break, continue, cd, eval, exec, exit, export, login, read, readonly, set, shift, times, trap, umask, wait ]
indent	indent and format Objective-C program source
indxbib	build inverted index for a bibliography, find references in a bibliography	[ indxbib, lookbib ]
install	install binaries
installman	formats and re-indexes a manual page
intro	introduction to commands
iostat	report I/O statistics
ixBuild	build an index to a directory
ixClean	indexing utilities	[ ixClean, ixDump, ixFind, ixRemove, ixStat ]
join	relational database operator
jot	a personal database
kill	terminate a process with extreme prejudice
last	indicate last logins of users and teletypes
lastcomm	show last commands executed in reverse order
ld	link editor
leave	remind you when you have to leave
less	opposite of more
lex	generator of lexical analysis programs
lib56000	Motorola DSP56000 Librarian
ln	make links
lnk56000	Motorola DSP56000 Cross Linker
lock	reserve a terminal
logger	make entries in the system log
login	sign on
look	find lines in a sorted list
lookbib	build inverted index for a bibliography, find references in a bibliography	[ indxbib, lookbib ]
lorder	find ordering relation for an object library
lpq	spool queue examination program
lpr	off line print
lprm	remove jobs from the line printer spooling queue
lptest	generate lineprinter ripple pattern
ls	list contents of directory
m4	macro processor
mail	send and receive mail
make	maintain program groups
man	find manual information by keywords; print out the manual
math	Mathematica mathematics system
mathremote	remote-access version of Mathematica
merge	three-way file merge
mesg	permit or deny messages
mf	METAFONT, a language for font design	[ cmmf, inimf, virmf ]
mig	Mach message interface generator
mkdir	make a directory
mkdirs	make directories
mkstr	create an error message file by massaging C source
more	file perusal filter for crt viewing	[ more, page ]
mset	retrieve ASCII to IBM 3270 keyboard map
msgs	system messages and junk mail program
mt	magnetic tape manipulating program
mv	move or rename files
neqn	typeset mathematics	[ eqn, neqn, checkeq ]
netstat	show network status
newaliases	rebuild the data base for the mail aliases file
nice	run a command at low priority (sh only)	[ nice, nohup ]
nidump	extract a UNIX-format file out of NetInfo
niload	load UNIX-format file into NetInfo
niutil	NetInfo utility
nm	print name list
nmcontrol	control the operation of the Mach network server
nmtest	Generic test program for the Mach network server.
nmtime	Timing program for the Mach network server.
nmxlog	translate a Mach network server debugging log
nohup	run a command at low priority (sh only)	[ nice, nohup ]
nroff	text formatting
od	octal, decimal, hex, ascii dump
open	open files
openfile	open files in Edit
otool	object file printing tool
page	file perusal filter for crt viewing	[ more, page ]
pagesize	print system page size
passwd	change password file information	[ chfn, chsh, passwd ]
paste	provide copying and pasting from command line	[ copy, paste ]
pft	communicate with PostScript Window Server
playscore	play a scorefile
pr	print file
printenv	print out the environment
ps	process status
ps4014	convert a Tektronix 4014 files to POSTSCRIPT format
ps630	convert Diablo 630 print files to POSTSCRIPT format
pscat	convert C/A/T files to POSTSCRIPT format
psdit	convert ditroff intermediate format to POSTSCRIPT format
psfix	modify PostScript from Mathematica for output
psfonts	POSTSCRIPT font information for TRANSCRIPT	[ PSFONTS ]
psplot	convert plot(5) files to POSTSCRIPT format
psrev	select or reverse page order of a POSTSCRIPT file
psroff	ditroff to a POSTSCRIPT printer
pssymbols	List of symbols for ditroff in TRANSCRIPT	[ PSSYMBOLS ]
pswrap	creates C routines from pieces of PostScript language
ptags	print tag information
ptroff	troff to a POSTSCRIPT printer
ptx	permuted index
pwd	working directory name
pword	print the peculiar words in a document
ranlib	convert archives to random libraries
ratfor	rational Fortran dialect
rcs	change RCS file attributes
rcsdiff	compare RCS revisions
rcsintro	introduction to RCS commands
rcsmerge	merge RCS revisions
rdist	remote file distribution program
refer	find and insert literature references in documents
reset	terminal dependent initialization	[ tset ]
rev	reverse lines of a file
rlog	print log messages and other information about RCS files
rm	remove (unlink) files or directories	[ rm, rmdir ]
rmail	handle remote mail received via uucp
rmdir	remove (unlink) directories or files	[ rmdir, rm ]
roffbib	run off bibliographic database
rpcgen	an RPC protocol compiler
screenafm	Build screen font metric file from bitmap description files
script	make typescript of terminal session
sed	stream editor
segedit	extract and replace sections from object files
sh	command language	[ sh, for, case, if, while, :, ., break, continue, cd, eval, exec, exit, export, login, read, readonly, set, shift, times, trap, umask, wait ]
size	size of an object file
sleep	suspend execution for an interval
sndconvert	convert a soundfile to a different format
sndinfo	displays soundfile headers on standard output.
sndplay	play soundfiles
sndrecord	record a soundfile from DSP or microphone
soelim	eliminate .so’s from nroff input
sort	sort or merge files
sortbib	sort bibliographic database
spell	find spelling errors	[ spell, spellin, spellout ]
spellin	find spelling errors	[ spell, spellin, spellout ]
spellout	find spelling errors	[ spell, spellin, spellout ]
split	split a file into pieces
strings	find the printable strings in a object, or other binary, file
strip	remove symbols and relocation bits
struct	structure Fortran programs
stty	set terminal options
style	analyze surface characteristics of a document
su	substitute user id temporarily
su.wheel	substitute user id temporarily	[ su ]
sum	sum and count blocks in a file
sysline	display system status on status line of a terminal
tabs	set terminal tabs
tail	deliver the last part of a file
talk	talk to another user
tar	tape archiver
tbl	format tables for nroff or troff
tc	photoypesetter simulator
tcopy	copy a mag tape
tee	pipe fitting
test	condition command
texview	preview TeX dvi files on screen
time	time a command
tk	paginator for the Tektronix 4014
tn3270	full-screen remote login to IBM VM/CMS
touch	update date last modified of a file
tp	manipulate tape archive
tr	translate characters
transcript	Programs for accessing POSTSCRIPT printers	[ TRANSCRIPT ]
troff	text formatting and typesetting	[ troff, nroff ]
true	provide truth values	[ true, false ]
tset	terminal dependent initialization
tsort	topological sort
tty	get terminal name
ul	do underlining
uncompress	compress and expand data	[ compress, uncompress, zcat ]
unexpand	expand tabs to spaces, and vice versa	[ expand, unexpand ]
unifdef	remove ifdef’ed lines
uniq	report repeated lines in a file
units	conversion program
users	compact list of users who are on the system
vacation	return “I am on vacation” indication
vers_string	produce version identification string
vgrind	grind nice listings of programs
vi	screen oriented (visual) display editor based on ex
view	screen oriented (visual) display editor based on ex	[ vi ]
vm_stat	show Mach virtual memory statistics
w	who is on and what they are doing
wait	await completion of process
wall	write to all users
wc	word count
wfcomp	word frequency table compiler
what	show what versions of object modules were used to construct a file
whereis	locate source, binary, and or manual for program
which	locate a program file including aliases and paths (csh only)
while	command language	[ sh, for, case, if, while, :, ., break, continue, cd, eval, exec, exit, export, login, read, readonly, set, shift, times, trap, umask, wait ]
who	who is on the system
whoami	print effective current user id
whois	DARPA Internet user name directory service
window	window environment
xargs	construct argument list(s) and execute command
xget	secret mail	[ xsend, xget, enroll ]
xsend	secret mail	[ xsend, xget, enroll ]
xstr	extract strings from C programs to implement shared strings
yacc	yet another compiler-compiler
yes	be repetitively affirmative
ypcat	print values in a YP data base
ypmatch	print the value of one or more keys from a yp map
yppasswd	change login password in yellow pages
ypwhich	which host is the YP server or map master?
zcat	compress and expand data	[ compress, uncompress, zcat ]

1C. Communications Commands

cu	connect to a remote system	[ tip, cu ]
ftp	ARPANET file transfer program
on	execute a command remotely
rcp	remote file copy
rlogin	remote login
rsh	remote shell
rup	show host status of local machines (RPC version)
ruptime	show host status of local machines
rusers	who’s logged in on local machines (RPC version)
rwho	who’s logged in on local machines
telnet	user interface to the TELNET protocol
tftp	trivial file transfer program
tip	connect to a remote system	[ tip, cu ]
uucp	unix to unix copy
uudecode	encode/decode a binary file for transmission via mail	[ uuencode, uudecode ]
uuencode	encode/decode a binary file for transmission via mail	[ uuencode, uudecode ]
uulog	display UUCP log files
uuname	list names of UUCP hosts
uuq	examine or manipulate the uucp queue
uusend	send a file to a remote host
uux	unix to unix command execution

1G. Graphics Commands

spline

interpolate smooth curve

1L. TeX Commands

gftopk	convert generic font files to packed font files
gftype	translate a generic font file for humans to read
pktogf	convert packed font files to generic font files
pktype	translate a packed font file for humans to read
tex	text formatting and typesetting	[ tex, initex, virtex ]

2. System Calls (intro)

accept	accept a connection on a socket
access	determine accessibility of file
acct	turn accounting on or off
adjtime	correct the time to allow synchronization of the system clock
async_daemon	NFS daemons	[ nfssvc, async_daemon ]
bind	bind a name to a socket
brk	change data segment size The UNIX system calls brk and sbrk are not supported on the NeXT computer.	[ brk, sbrk ]
chdir	change current working directory
chmod	change mode of file
chown	change owner and group of a file
chroot	change root directory
close	delete a descriptor
connect	initiate a connection on a socket
creat	create a new file
dup	duplicate a descriptor	[ dup, dup2 ]
dup2	duplicate a descriptor	[ dup, dup2 ]
execve	execute a file
exit	terminate a process	[ _exit ]
fchmod	change mode of file	[ chmod ]
fchown	change owner and group of a file	[ chown ]
fcntl	file control
flock	apply or remove an advisory lock on an open file
fork	create a new process
fstat	get file status	[ stat, lstat, fstat ]
fsync	synchronize a file’s in-core state with that on disk
ftruncate	truncate a file to a specified length	[ truncate ]
getdirentries	gets directory entries in a filesystem independent format
getdomainname	get/set name of current domain	[ getdomainname, setdomainname ]
getdtablesize	get descriptor table size
getegid	get group identity	[ getgid, getegid ]
geteuid	get user identity	[ getuid, geteuid ]
getgid	get group identity	[ getgid, getegid ]
getgroups	get group access list
gethostid	get unique identifier of current host
gethostname	get/set name of current host	[ gethostname, sethostname ]
getitimer	get/set value of interval timer	[ getitimer, setitimer ]
getpagesize	get system page size
getpeername	get name of connected peer
getpgrp	get process group
getpid	get process identification	[ getpid, getppid ]
getppid	get process identification	[ getpid, getppid ]
getpriority	get/set program scheduling priority	[ getpriority, setpriority ]
getrlimit	control maximum system resource consumption	[ getrlimit, setrlimit ]
getrusage	get information about resource utilization
getsockname	get socket name
getsockopt	get and set options on sockets	[ getsockopt, setsockopt ]
gettimeofday	get/set date and time	[ gettimeofday, settimeofday ]
getuid	get user identity	[ getuid, geteuid ]
host_info	get information about a Mach host.
intro	introduction to system calls and error numbers
ioctl	control device
kern_timestamp	return (machine-dependent) timestamp
kill	send signal to a process
killpg	send signal to a process group
link	make a hard link to a file
listen	listen for connections on a socket
lseek	move read/write pointer
lstat	get file status	[ stat, lstat, fstat ]
mach_swapon	add a file for system paging/swapping.
mkdir	make a directory file
mknod	make a special file
mount	mount file system
nfssvc	NFS daemons	[ nfssvc, async_daemon ]
open	open a file for reading or writing, or create a new file
pipe	create an interprocess communication channel
profil	execution time profile
ptrace	process trace The UNIX system call ptrace is not supported on the NeXT computer.
read	read input	[ read, readv ]
readlink	read value of a symbolic link
readv	read input	[ read, readv ]
reboot	reboot system or halt processor
recv	receive a message from a socket	[ recv, recvfrom, recvmsg ]
recvfrom	receive a message from a socket	[ recv, recvfrom, recvmsg ]
recvmsg	receive a message from a socket	[ recv, recvfrom, recvmsg ]
rename	change the name of a file
rmdir	remove a directory file
sbrk	change data segment size The UNIX system calls brk and sbrk are not supported on the NeXT computer.	[ brk, sbrk ]
select	synchronous I/O multiplexing
send	send a message from a socket	[ send, sendto, sendmsg ]
sendmsg	send a message from a socket	[ send, sendto, sendmsg ]
sendto	send a message from a socket	[ send, sendto, sendmsg ]
setdomainname	get/set name of current domain	[ getdomainname, setdomainname ]
setgroups	set group access list
sethostid	get unique identifier of current host	[ gethostid ]
sethostname	get/set name of current host	[ gethostname, sethostname ]
setitimer	get/set value of interval timer	[ getitimer, setitimer ]
setpgrp	set process group
setpriority	get/set program scheduling priority	[ getpriority, setpriority ]
setregid	set real and effective group ID
setreuid	set real and effective user ID’s
setrlimit	control maximum system resource consumption	[ getrlimit, setrlimit ]
setsockopt	get and set options on sockets	[ getsockopt, setsockopt ]
settimeofday	get/set date and time	[ gettimeofday, settimeofday ]
shutdown	shut down part of a full-duplex connection
sigblock	block signals
sigpause	atomically release blocked signals and wait for interrupt
sigreturn	return from signal
sigsetmask	set current signal mask
sigstack	set and/or get signal stack context
sigvec	software signal facilities
slot_info	get information about a logical slot in a Mach host
socket	create an endpoint for communication
socketpair	create a pair of connected sockets
stat	get file status	[ stat, lstat, fstat ]
statfs	get file system statistics
swapon	add a swap device for interleaved paging/swapping
symlink	make symbolic link to a file
sync	update super-block
syscall	indirect system call
truncate	truncate a file to a specified length
umask	set file creation mode mask
unlink	remove directory entry
unmount	remove a file system
utimes	set file times
vfork	spawn new process in a virtual memory efficient way
vhangup	virtually “hangup” the current control terminal
wait	wait for process to terminate	[ wait, wait3 ]
wait3	wait for process to terminate	[ wait, wait3 ]
write	write output	[ write, writev ]
writev	write output	[ write, writev ]

3. C Library (intro)

ArrayFromFile		[ simple string array functions ]
_longjmp	non-local goto	[ setjmp, longjmp ]
_setjmp	non-local goto	[ setjmp, longjmp ]
abort	generate a fault
abs	integer absolute value
aliasdb	get mail alias database entries	[ alias_setent, alias_getent, alias_getbyname, alias_end ]
alloca	memory allocator	[ malloc, free, realloc, calloc, cfree, valloc, vfree, malloc_size, malloc_good_size, malloc_error, malloc_debug, mstats, alloca ]
alphasort	scan a directory	[ scandir, alphasort ]
asctime	convert date and time to ASCII	[ ctime, localtime, gmtime, asctime, timezone, tzset ]
assert	program verification
atof	convert ASCII to numbers	[ atof, atoi, atol ]
atoh	convert ASCII to hexadecimal or octal	[ atoh, atoo ]
atoi	convert ASCII to numbers	[ atof, atoi, atol ]
atol	convert ASCII to numbers	[ atof, atoi, atol ]
atoo	convert ASCII to hexadecimal or octal	[ atoh, atoo ]
bcmp	bit and byte string operations	[ bcopy, bcmp, bzero, ffs ]
bcopy	bit and byte string operations	[ bcopy, bcmp, bzero, ffs ]
bstring	bit and byte string operations	[ bcopy, bcmp, bzero, ffs ]
bzero	bit and byte string operations	[ bcopy, bcmp, bzero, ffs ]
calloc	memory allocator	[ malloc, free, realloc, calloc, cfree, valloc, vfree, malloc_size, malloc_good_size, malloc_error, malloc_debug, mstats, alloca ]
cfree	memory allocator	[ malloc, free, realloc, calloc, cfree, valloc, vfree, malloc_size, malloc_good_size, malloc_error, malloc_debug, mstats, alloca ]
closedir	directory operations	[ opendir, readdir, telldir, seekdir, rewinddir, closedir ]
closelog	control system log	[ syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask ]
comp	regular expression handler	[ regex, re_comp, re_exec, recmp, re_compile, re_match ]
convert_ts_to_tv	convert timestamp to timeval
crypt	DES encryption	[ crypt, setkey, encrypt ]
ctime	convert date and time to ASCII	[ ctime, localtime, gmtime, asctime, timezone, tzset ]
ctype	character classification macros	[ isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, toupper, tolower, toascii ]
db	introduction to the hashed database library functions
dbm_clearerr	data base subroutines	[ dbm_open, dbm_close, dbm_fetch, dbm_store, dbm_delete, dbm_firstkey, dbm_nextkey, dbm_error, dbm_clearerr ]
dbm_close	data base subroutines	[ dbm_open, dbm_close, dbm_fetch, dbm_store, dbm_delete, dbm_firstkey, dbm_nextkey, dbm_error, dbm_clearerr ]
dbm_delete	data base subroutines	[ dbm_open, dbm_close, dbm_fetch, dbm_store, dbm_delete, dbm_firstkey, dbm_nextkey, dbm_error, dbm_clearerr ]
dbm_error	data base subroutines	[ dbm_open, dbm_close, dbm_fetch, dbm_store, dbm_delete, dbm_firstkey, dbm_nextkey, dbm_error, dbm_clearerr ]
dbm_fetch	data base subroutines	[ dbm_open, dbm_close, dbm_fetch, dbm_store, dbm_delete, dbm_firstkey, dbm_nextkey, dbm_error, dbm_clearerr ]
dbm_firstkey	data base subroutines	[ dbm_open, dbm_close, dbm_fetch, dbm_store, dbm_delete, dbm_firstkey, dbm_nextkey, dbm_error, dbm_clearerr ]
dbm_nextkey	data base subroutines	[ dbm_open, dbm_close, dbm_fetch, dbm_store, dbm_delete, dbm_firstkey, dbm_nextkey, dbm_error, dbm_clearerr ]
dbm_open	data base subroutines	[ dbm_open, dbm_close, dbm_fetch, dbm_store, dbm_delete, dbm_firstkey, dbm_nextkey, dbm_error, dbm_clearerr ]
dbm_store	data base subroutines	[ dbm_open, dbm_close, dbm_fetch, dbm_store, dbm_delete, dbm_firstkey, dbm_nextkey, dbm_error, dbm_clearerr ]
directory	directory operations	[ opendir, readdir, telldir, seekdir, rewinddir, closedir ]
ecvt	output conversion	[ ecvt, fcvt, gcvt ]
edata	link editor defined symbols	[ _mh_execute_header, _end, _etext, _edata, _shared_library_initialization ]
encrypt	DES encryption	[ crypt, setkey, encrypt ]
end	link editor defined symbols	[ _mh_execute_header, _end, _etext, _edata, _shared_library_initialization ]
endfsent	get file system descriptor file entry	[ getfsent, getfsspec, getfsfile, getfstype, setfsent, endfsent ]
endgrent	get group file entry	[ getgrent, getgrgid, getgrnam, setgrent, endgrent ]
endpwent	get password file entry	[ getpwent, getpwuid, getpwnam, setpwent, endpwent, setpwfile ]
endttyent	get ttys file entry	[ getttyent, getttynam, setttyent, endttyent ]
endusershell	get legal user shells	[ getusershell, setusershell, endusershell ]
environ	execute a file	[ execl, execv, execle, execlp, execvp, exec, execve, exect, environ ]
errlist	system error messages	[ perror, strerror, sys_errlist, sys_nerr ]
etext	link editor defined symbols	[ _mh_execute_header, _end, _etext, _edata, _shared_library_initialization ]
execl	execute a file	[ execl, execv, execle, execlp, execvp, exec, execve, exect, environ ]
execle	execute a file	[ execl, execv, execle, execlp, execvp, exec, execve, exect, environ ]
execlp	execute a file	[ execl, execv, execle, execlp, execvp, exec, execve, exect, environ ]
exect	execute a file	[ execl, execv, execle, execlp, execvp, exec, execve, exect, environ ]
execv	execute a file	[ execl, execv, execle, execlp, execvp, exec, execve, exect, environ ]
execve	execute a file	[ execl, execv, execle, execlp, execvp, exec, execve, exect, environ ]
execvp	execute a file	[ execl, execv, execle, execlp, execvp, exec, execve, exect, environ ]
exit	terminate a process after flushing any pending output
exportent	get exported file system information	[ exportent, getexportent, setexportent, addexportent, remexportent, endexportent, getexportopt ]
fcvt	output conversion	[ ecvt, fcvt, gcvt ]
ffs	bit and byte string operations	[ bcopy, bcmp, bzero, ffs ]
fileutil	file utilities
free	memory allocator	[ malloc, free, realloc, calloc, cfree, valloc, vfree, malloc_size, malloc_good_size, malloc_error, malloc_debug, mstats, alloca ]
frexp	split into mantissa and exponent	[ frexp, ldexp, modf ]
gcvt	output conversion	[ ecvt, fcvt, gcvt ]
getdisk	get disk description by its name	[ getdiskbyname ]
getdiskbydev	get disk description by its name	[ getdiskbyname ]
getdiskbyname	get disk description by its name
getenv	value for environment name
getfsent	get file system descriptor file entry	[ getfsent, getfsspec, getfsfile, getfstype, setfsent, endfsent ]
getfsfile	get file system descriptor file entry	[ getfsent, getfsspec, getfsfile, getfstype, setfsent, endfsent ]
getfsspec	get file system descriptor file entry	[ getfsent, getfsspec, getfsfile, getfstype, setfsent, endfsent ]
getfstype	get file system descriptor file entry	[ getfsent, getfsspec, getfsfile, getfstype, setfsent, endfsent ]
getgrent	get group file entry	[ getgrent, getgrgid, getgrnam, setgrent, endgrent ]
getgrgid	get group file entry	[ getgrent, getgrgid, getgrnam, setgrent, endgrent ]
getgrnam	get group file entry	[ getgrent, getgrgid, getgrnam, setgrent, endgrent ]
getlogin	get login name
getmachheaders	get the Mach headers for the executable
getmntent	get file system descriptor file entry	[ getmntent, setmntent, addmntent, endmntent, hasmntopt ]
getopt	get option letter from argv
getpass	read a password
getpwent	get password file entry	[ getpwent, getpwuid, getpwnam, setpwent, endpwent, setpwfile ]
getpwnam	get password file entry	[ getpwent, getpwuid, getpwnam, setpwent, endpwent, setpwfile ]
getpwuid	get password file entry	[ getpwent, getpwuid, getpwnam, setpwent, endpwent, setpwfile ]
getsectbyname	get the section information for the named section	[ getsectbyname, getsectdata ]
getsectbynamefromheader	get the section information for the named section	[ getsectbyname, getsectdata ]
getsectdata	get the section information for the named section	[ getsectbyname, getsectdata ]
getsectdatafromheader	get the section information for the named section	[ getsectbyname, getsectdata ]
getsectdatafromlib	get the section information for the named section	[ getsectbyname, getsectdata ]
getsegbyname	get the segment command for the named segment
getttyent	get ttys file entry	[ getttyent, getttynam, setttyent, endttyent ]
getttynam	get ttys file entry	[ getttyent, getttynam, setttyent, endttyent ]
getusershell	get legal user shells	[ getusershell, setusershell, endusershell ]
getwd	get current working directory pathname
gmtime	convert date and time to ASCII	[ ctime, localtime, gmtime, asctime, timezone, tzset ]
index	string operations	[ strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, index, rindex ]
initgroups	initialize group access list
initstate	better random number generator; routines for changing generators	[ random, srandom, initstate, setstate ]
insque	insert/remove element from a queue	[ insque, remque ]
intro	introduction to C library functions
isalnum	character classification macros	[ isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, toupper, tolower, toascii ]
isalpha	character classification macros	[ isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, toupper, tolower, toascii ]
isascii	character classification macros	[ isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, toupper, tolower, toascii ]
isatty	find name of a terminal	[ ttyname, isatty, ttyslot ]
iscntrl	character classification macros	[ isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, toupper, tolower, toascii ]
isdigit	character classification macros	[ isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, toupper, tolower, toascii ]
islower	character classification macros	[ isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, toupper, tolower, toascii ]
isprint	character classification macros	[ isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, toupper, tolower, toascii ]
ispunct	character classification macros	[ isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, toupper, tolower, toascii ]
isspace	character classification macros	[ isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, toupper, tolower, toascii ]
isupper	character classification macros	[ isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, toupper, tolower, toascii ]
isxdigit	character classification macros	[ isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, toupper, tolower, toascii ]
ix	inverted index access functions
ldexp	split into mantissa and exponent	[ frexp, ldexp, modf ]
libudp	UDP user library
localtime	convert date and time to ASCII	[ ctime, localtime, gmtime, asctime, timezone, tzset ]
longjmp	non-local goto	[ setjmp, longjmp ]
mach_error	print a Mach-related error message on stderrmach_errormsg − return a string corresponding to a Mach error code
mach_init	the port to which a task sends its kernel requeststask_data_ − a port on which a task may receive messagestask_notify_ − the port on which a task receives notify messages from the kernelname_server_port − the service port for the network name serverservice_port − the service port for the service servermach_init_ports − set of server ports initially handed to a taskmach_init_ports_count − number of mach_init_portsvm_page_size − size of the virtual memory pages in bytes	[ task_self_ ]
malloc	memory allocator	[ malloc, free, realloc, calloc, cfree, valloc, vfree, malloc_size, malloc_good_size, malloc_error, malloc_debug, mstats, alloca ]
malloc_debug	memory allocator	[ malloc, free, realloc, calloc, cfree, valloc, vfree, malloc_size, malloc_good_size, malloc_error, malloc_debug, mstats, alloca ]
malloc_error	memory allocator	[ malloc, free, realloc, calloc, cfree, valloc, vfree, malloc_size, malloc_good_size, malloc_error, malloc_debug, mstats, alloca ]
malloc_good_size	memory allocator	[ malloc, free, realloc, calloc, cfree, valloc, vfree, malloc_size, malloc_good_size, malloc_error, malloc_debug, mstats, alloca ]
malloc_size	memory allocator	[ malloc, free, realloc, calloc, cfree, valloc, vfree, malloc_size, malloc_good_size, malloc_error, malloc_debug, mstats, alloca ]
mkstemp	make a unique file name	[ mktemp ]
mktemp	make a unique file name
modf	split into mantissa and exponent	[ frexp, ldexp, modf ]
moncontrol	prepare execution profile	[ monitor, monstartup, moncontrol ]
monitor	prepare execution profile	[ monitor, monstartup, moncontrol ]
monstartup	prepare execution profile	[ monitor, monstartup, moncontrol ]
mstats	memory allocator	[ malloc, free, realloc, calloc, cfree, valloc, vfree, malloc_size, malloc_good_size, malloc_error, malloc_debug, mstats, alloca ]
ndbm	data base subroutines	[ dbm_open, dbm_close, dbm_fetch, dbm_store, dbm_delete, dbm_firstkey, dbm_nextkey, dbm_error, dbm_clearerr ]
nlist	get entries from name list
opendir	directory operations	[ opendir, readdir, telldir, seekdir, rewinddir, closedir ]
openlog	control system log	[ syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask ]
pathutil	path name utilities
pclose	initiate I/O to/from a process	[ popen, pclose ]
perror	system error messages	[ perror, strerror, sys_errlist, sys_nerr ]
popen	initiate I/O to/from a process	[ popen, pclose ]
printerdb	get printer database entry	[ prdb_set, prdb_get, prdb_getbyname, prdb_end ]
psignal	system signal messages	[ psignal, sys_siglist ]
qsort	quicker sort
quit	print message and exit
random	better random number generator; routines for changing generators	[ random, srandom, initstate, setstate ]
rcmd	routines for returning a stream to a remote command	[ rcmd, rresvport, ruserok ]
re_comp	regular expression handler	[ regex, re_comp, re_exec, recmp, re_compile, re_match ]
re_exec	regular expression handler	[ regex, re_comp, re_exec, recmp, re_compile, re_match ]
readdir	directory operations	[ opendir, readdir, telldir, seekdir, rewinddir, closedir ]
realloc	memory allocator	[ malloc, free, realloc, calloc, cfree, valloc, vfree, malloc_size, malloc_good_size, malloc_error, malloc_debug, mstats, alloca ]
regex	regular expression handler	[ regex, re_comp, re_exec, recmp, re_compile, re_match ]
remque	insert/remove element from a queue	[ insque, remque ]
resolver	resolver routines	[ res_mkquery, res_send, res_init, dn_comp, dn_expand ]
rewinddir	directory operations	[ opendir, readdir, telldir, seekdir, rewinddir, closedir ]
rexec	return stream to a remote command
rindex	string operations	[ strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, index, rindex ]
rresvport	routines for returning a stream to a remote command	[ rcmd, rresvport, ruserok ]
ruserok	routines for returning a stream to a remote command	[ rcmd, rresvport, ruserok ]
scandir	scan a directory	[ scandir, alphasort ]
search	searching utilities
seekdir	directory operations	[ opendir, readdir, telldir, seekdir, rewinddir, closedir ]
service_checkin	inititalize interface to service serverservice_checkin − get receive rights to a standard server port	[ init_service ]
setegid	set user and group ID	[ setuid, seteuid, setruid, setgid, setegid, setrgid ]
seteuid	set user and group ID	[ setuid, seteuid, setruid, setgid, setegid, setrgid ]
setfsent	get file system descriptor file entry	[ getfsent, getfsspec, getfsfile, getfstype, setfsent, endfsent ]
setgid	set user and group ID	[ setuid, seteuid, setruid, setgid, setegid, setrgid ]
setgrent	get group file entry	[ getgrent, getgrgid, getgrnam, setgrent, endgrent ]
setjmp	non-local goto	[ setjmp, longjmp ]
setkey	DES encryption	[ crypt, setkey, encrypt ]
setlogmask	control system log	[ syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask ]
setpwent	get password file entry	[ getpwent, getpwuid, getpwnam, setpwent, endpwent, setpwfile ]
setpwfile	get password file entry	[ getpwent, getpwuid, getpwnam, setpwent, endpwent, setpwfile ]
setrgid	set user and group ID	[ setuid, seteuid, setruid, setgid, setegid, setrgid ]
setruid	set user and group ID	[ setuid, seteuid, setruid, setgid, setegid, setrgid ]
setstate	better random number generator; routines for changing generators	[ random, srandom, initstate, setstate ]
setttyent	get ttys file entry	[ getttyent, getttynam, setttyent, endttyent ]
setuid	set user and group ID	[ setuid, seteuid, setruid, setgid, setegid, setrgid ]
setusershell	get legal user shells	[ getusershell, setusershell, endusershell ]
siginterrupt	allow signals to interrupt system calls
sleep	suspend execution for interval
sopen		[ sopen, sclose, isapipe ]
spell	spelling correction functions
srandom	better random number generator; routines for changing generators	[ random, srandom, initstate, setstate ]
strcat	string operations	[ strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, index, rindex ]
strcmp	string operations	[ strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, index, rindex ]
strcpy	string operations	[ strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, index, rindex ]
strerror	system error messages	[ perror, strerror, sys_errlist, sys_nerr ]
string	string operations	[ strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, index, rindex ]
strlen	string operations	[ strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, index, rindex ]
strncat	string operations	[ strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, index, rindex ]
strncmp	string operations	[ strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, index, rindex ]
strncpy	string operations	[ strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, index, rindex ]
strutil		[ more string utilities ]
swab	swap bytes
sys	system error messages	[ perror, strerror, sys_errlist, sys_nerr ]
sys_errlist	system error messages	[ perror, strerror, sys_errlist, sys_nerr ]
sys_nerr	system error messages	[ perror, strerror, sys_errlist, sys_nerr ]
sys_siglist	system signal messages	[ psignal, sys_siglist ]
syslog	control system log	[ syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask ]
system	issue a shell command
telldir	directory operations	[ opendir, readdir, telldir, seekdir, rewinddir, closedir ]
text		[ utilities for textual analysis, indexing, searching, and file analysis ]
threads	support for concurrent programming in C under MACH	[ C-Threads ]
timezone	convert date and time to ASCII	[ ctime, localtime, gmtime, asctime, timezone, tzset ]
toascii	character classification macros	[ isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, toupper, tolower, toascii ]
tolower	character classification macros	[ isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, toupper, tolower, toascii ]
toupper	character classification macros	[ isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, toupper, tolower, toascii ]
ttyname	find name of a terminal	[ ttyname, isatty, ttyslot ]
ttyslot	find name of a terminal	[ ttyname, isatty, ttyslot ]
ualarm	schedule signal after specified time
usleep	suspend execution for interval
valloc	memory allocator	[ malloc, free, realloc, calloc, cfree, valloc, vfree, malloc_size, malloc_good_size, malloc_error, malloc_debug, mstats, alloca ]
varargs	variable argument list
vfree	memory allocator	[ malloc, free, realloc, calloc, cfree, valloc, vfree, malloc_size, malloc_good_size, malloc_error, malloc_debug, mstats, alloca ]
webster	access to the Merriam-Webster database
wftable	word frequency table functions

3C. Compatibility Routines

alarm	schedule signal after specified time
ftime	get date and time	[ time, ftime ]
getpw	get name from uid
gtty	set and get terminal state (defunct)	[ stty, gtty ]
nice	set program priority
pause	stop until signal
rand	random number generator	[ rand, srand ]
signal	simplified software signal facilities
srand	random number generator	[ rand, srand ]
stty	set and get terminal state (defunct)	[ stty, gtty ]
time	get date and time	[ time, ftime ]
times	get process times
utime	set file times
vlimit	control maximum system resource consumption
vtimes	get information about resource utilization

3M. Math Library

acos	trigonometric functions and their inverses	[ sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan, atan2 ]
acosh	inverse hyperbolic functions	[ asinh, acosh, atanh ]
asin	trigonometric functions and their inverses	[ sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan, atan2 ]
asinh	inverse hyperbolic functions	[ asinh, acosh, atanh ]
atan	trigonometric functions and their inverses	[ sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan, atan2 ]
atan2	trigonometric functions and their inverses	[ sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan, atan2 ]
atanh	inverse hyperbolic functions	[ asinh, acosh, atanh ]
cabs	Euclidean distance, complex absolute value	[ hypot, cabs ]
cbrt	cube root, square root	[ cbrt, sqrt ]
ceil	absolute value, floor, ceiling, and round-to-nearest functions	[ fabs, floor, ceil, rint ]
copysign	copysign, remainder, exponent manipulations	[ copysign, drem, finite, logb, scalb ]
cos	trigonometric functions and their inverses	[ sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan, atan2 ]
cosh	hyperbolic functions	[ sinh, cosh, tanh ]
drem	copysign, remainder, exponent manipulations	[ copysign, drem, finite, logb, scalb ]
erf	error functions	[ erf, erfc ]
erfc	error functions	[ erf, erfc ]
exp	exponential, logarithm, power	[ exp, expm1, log, log10, log1p, pow ]
expm1	exponential, logarithm, power	[ exp, expm1, log, log10, log1p, pow ]
fabs	absolute value, floor, ceiling, and round-to-nearest functions	[ fabs, floor, ceil, rint ]
finite	copysign, remainder, exponent manipulations	[ copysign, drem, finite, logb, scalb ]
floor	absolute value, floor, ceiling, and round-to-nearest functions	[ fabs, floor, ceil, rint ]
gamma	log gamma function	[ lgamma ]
hypot	Euclidean distance, complex absolute value	[ hypot, cabs ]
ieee	copysign, remainder, exponent manipulations	[ copysign, drem, finite, logb, scalb ]
j0	bessel functions	[ j0, j1, jn, y0, y1, yn ]
j1	bessel functions	[ j0, j1, jn, y0, y1, yn ]
jn	bessel functions	[ j0, j1, jn, y0, y1, yn ]
lgamma	log gamma function
log	exponential, logarithm, power	[ exp, expm1, log, log10, log1p, pow ]
log10	exponential, logarithm, power	[ exp, expm1, log, log10, log1p, pow ]
log1p	exponential, logarithm, power	[ exp, expm1, log, log10, log1p, pow ]
logb	copysign, remainder, exponent manipulations	[ copysign, drem, finite, logb, scalb ]
math	introduction to mathematical library functions
pow	exponential, logarithm, power	[ exp, expm1, log, log10, log1p, pow ]
rint	absolute value, floor, ceiling, and round-to-nearest functions	[ fabs, floor, ceil, rint ]
scalb	copysign, remainder, exponent manipulations	[ copysign, drem, finite, logb, scalb ]
sin	trigonometric functions and their inverses	[ sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan, atan2 ]
sinh	hyperbolic functions	[ sinh, cosh, tanh ]
sqrt	cube root, square root	[ cbrt, sqrt ]
tan	trigonometric functions and their inverses	[ sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan, atan2 ]
tanh	hyperbolic functions	[ sinh, cosh, tanh ]
y0	bessel functions	[ j0, j1, jn, y0, y1, yn ]
y1	bessel functions	[ j0, j1, jn, y0, y1, yn ]
yn	bessel functions	[ j0, j1, jn, y0, y1, yn ]

3N. Network Support Library

addr	Internet address manipulation routines	[ inet_addr, inet_network, inet_ntoa, inet_makeaddr, inet_lnaof, inet_netof ]
bindresvport	bind a socket to a privileged IP port
byteorder	convert values between host and network byte order	[ htonl, htons, ntohl, ntohs ]
endhostent	get network host entry	[ gethostbyname, gethostbyaddr, gethostent, sethostent, endhostent ]
endnetent	get network entry	[ getnetent, getnetbyaddr, getnetbyname, setnetent, endnetent ]
endprotoent	get protocol entry	[ getprotoent, getprotobynumber, getprotobyname, setprotoent, endprotoent ]
endservent	get service entry	[ getservent, getservbyport, getservbyname, setservent, endservent ]
ethers	Ethernet address mapping operations	[ ethers, ether_ntoa, ether_aton, ether_ntohost, ether_hostton, ether_line ]
gethostbyaddr	get network host entry	[ gethostbyname, gethostbyaddr, gethostent, sethostent, endhostent ]
gethostbyname	get network host entry	[ gethostbyname, gethostbyaddr, gethostent, sethostent, endhostent ]
gethostent	get network host entry	[ gethostbyname, gethostbyaddr, gethostent, sethostent, endhostent ]
getnetbyaddr	get network entry	[ getnetent, getnetbyaddr, getnetbyname, setnetent, endnetent ]
getnetbyname	get network entry	[ getnetent, getnetbyaddr, getnetbyname, setnetent, endnetent ]
getnetent	get network entry	[ getnetent, getnetbyaddr, getnetbyname, setnetent, endnetent ]
getprotobyname	get protocol entry	[ getprotoent, getprotobynumber, getprotobyname, setprotoent, endprotoent ]
getprotobynumber	get protocol entry	[ getprotoent, getprotobynumber, getprotobyname, setprotoent, endprotoent ]
getprotoent	get protocol entry	[ getprotoent, getprotobynumber, getprotobyname, setprotoent, endprotoent ]
getrpcbyname	get RPC entry	[ getrpcent, getrpcbyname, getrpcbynumber ]
getrpcbynumber	get RPC entry	[ getrpcent, getrpcbyname, getrpcbynumber ]
getrpcent	get RPC entry	[ getrpcent, getrpcbyname, getrpcbynumber ]
getservbyname	get service entry	[ getservent, getservbyport, getservbyname, setservent, endservent ]
getservbyport	get service entry	[ getservent, getservbyport, getservbyname, setservent, endservent ]
getservent	get service entry	[ getservent, getservbyport, getservbyname, setservent, endservent ]
htonl	convert values between host and network byte order	[ htonl, htons, ntohl, ntohs ]
htons	convert values between host and network byte order	[ htonl, htons, ntohl, ntohs ]
inet	Internet address manipulation routines	[ inet_addr, inet_network, inet_ntoa, inet_makeaddr, inet_lnaof, inet_netof ]
inet_addr	Internet address manipulation routines	[ inet_addr, inet_network, inet_ntoa, inet_makeaddr, inet_lnaof, inet_netof ]
inet_lnaof	Internet address manipulation routines	[ inet_addr, inet_network, inet_ntoa, inet_makeaddr, inet_lnaof, inet_netof ]
inet_makeaddr	Internet address manipulation routines	[ inet_addr, inet_network, inet_ntoa, inet_makeaddr, inet_lnaof, inet_netof ]
inet_netof	Internet address manipulation routines	[ inet_addr, inet_network, inet_ntoa, inet_makeaddr, inet_lnaof, inet_netof ]
inet_network	Internet address manipulation routines	[ inet_addr, inet_network, inet_ntoa, inet_makeaddr, inet_lnaof, inet_netof ]
inet_ntoa	Internet address manipulation routines	[ inet_addr, inet_network, inet_ntoa, inet_makeaddr, inet_lnaof, inet_netof ]
netinfo	library routines for NetInfo calls
network	Internet address manipulation routines	[ inet_addr, inet_network, inet_ntoa, inet_makeaddr, inet_lnaof, inet_netof ]
ns	Xerox NS(tm) address conversion routines	[ ns_addr, ns_ntoa ]
ns_addr	Xerox NS(tm) address conversion routines	[ ns_addr, ns_ntoa ]
ns_ntoa	Xerox NS(tm) address conversion routines	[ ns_addr, ns_ntoa ]
ntoa	Internet address manipulation routines	[ inet_addr, inet_network, inet_ntoa, inet_makeaddr, inet_lnaof, inet_netof ]
ntohl	convert values between host and network byte order	[ htonl, htons, ntohl, ntohs ]
ntohs	convert values between host and network byte order	[ htonl, htons, ntohl, ntohs ]
rpc	library routines for remote procedure calls
sethostent	get network host entry	[ gethostbyname, gethostbyaddr, gethostent, sethostent, endhostent ]
sethostfile	get network host entry	[ gethostbyname, gethostbyaddr, gethostent, sethostent, endhostent ]
setnetent	get network entry	[ getnetent, getnetbyaddr, getnetbyname, setnetent, endnetent ]
setprotoent	get protocol entry	[ getprotoent, getprotobynumber, getprotobyname, setprotoent, endprotoent ]
setservent	get service entry	[ getservent, getservbyport, getservbyname, setservent, endservent ]
xdr	library routines for external data representation
yp_all	yellow pages client interface	[ ypclnt, yp_get_default_domain, yp_bind, yp_unbind, yp_match, yp_first, yp_next, yp_all, yp_order, yp_master, yperr_string, ypprot_err ]
yp_bind	yellow pages client interface	[ ypclnt, yp_get_default_domain, yp_bind, yp_unbind, yp_match, yp_first, yp_next, yp_all, yp_order, yp_master, yperr_string, ypprot_err ]
yp_first	yellow pages client interface	[ ypclnt, yp_get_default_domain, yp_bind, yp_unbind, yp_match, yp_first, yp_next, yp_all, yp_order, yp_master, yperr_string, ypprot_err ]
yp_get_default_domain	yellow pages client interface	[ ypclnt, yp_get_default_domain, yp_bind, yp_unbind, yp_match, yp_first, yp_next, yp_all, yp_order, yp_master, yperr_string, ypprot_err ]
yp_master	yellow pages client interface	[ ypclnt, yp_get_default_domain, yp_bind, yp_unbind, yp_match, yp_first, yp_next, yp_all, yp_order, yp_master, yperr_string, ypprot_err ]
yp_match	yellow pages client interface	[ ypclnt, yp_get_default_domain, yp_bind, yp_unbind, yp_match, yp_first, yp_next, yp_all, yp_order, yp_master, yperr_string, ypprot_err ]
yp_next	yellow pages client interface	[ ypclnt, yp_get_default_domain, yp_bind, yp_unbind, yp_match, yp_first, yp_next, yp_all, yp_order, yp_master, yperr_string, ypprot_err ]
yp_order	yellow pages client interface	[ ypclnt, yp_get_default_domain, yp_bind, yp_unbind, yp_match, yp_first, yp_next, yp_all, yp_order, yp_master, yperr_string, ypprot_err ]
yp_unbind	yellow pages client interface	[ ypclnt, yp_get_default_domain, yp_bind, yp_unbind, yp_match, yp_first, yp_next, yp_all, yp_order, yp_master, yperr_string, ypprot_err ]
ypclnt	yellow pages client interface	[ ypclnt, yp_get_default_domain, yp_bind, yp_unbind, yp_match, yp_first, yp_next, yp_all, yp_order, yp_master, yperr_string, ypprot_err ]
yperr_string	yellow pages client interface	[ ypclnt, yp_get_default_domain, yp_bind, yp_unbind, yp_match, yp_first, yp_next, yp_all, yp_order, yp_master, yperr_string, ypprot_err ]
ypprot_err	yellow pages client interface	[ ypclnt, yp_get_default_domain, yp_bind, yp_unbind, yp_match, yp_first, yp_next, yp_all, yp_order, yp_master, yperr_string, ypprot_err ]

3R. RPC Library (intro)

bootparam	bootparam protocol
getrpcport	get RPC port number
intro	introduction to RPC service library functions
mount	keep track of remotely mounted filesystems
rex	remote execution protocol
rnusers	return information about users on remote machines	[ rnusers, rusers ]
rusers	return information about users on remote machines	[ rnusers, rusers ]
rwall	write to specified remote machines
yppasswd	update user password in yellow pages

3S. Standard I/O Library

clearerr	stream status inquiries	[ ferror, feof, clearerr, fileno ]
fclose	close or flush a stream	[ fclose, fflush ]
fdopen	open a stream	[ fopen, freopen, fdopen ]
feof	stream status inquiries	[ ferror, feof, clearerr, fileno ]
ferror	stream status inquiries	[ ferror, feof, clearerr, fileno ]
fflush	close or flush a stream	[ fclose, fflush ]
fgetc	get character or word from stream	[ getc, getchar, fgetc, getw ]
fgets	get a string from a stream	[ gets, fgets ]
fileno	stream status inquiries	[ ferror, feof, clearerr, fileno ]
fopen	open a stream	[ fopen, freopen, fdopen ]
fprintf	formatted output conversion	[ printf, fprintf, sprintf ]
fputc	put character or word on a stream	[ putc, putchar, fputc, putw ]
fputs	put a string on a stream	[ puts, fputs ]
fread	buffered binary input/output	[ fread, fwrite ]
freopen	open a stream	[ fopen, freopen, fdopen ]
fscanf	formatted input conversion	[ scanf, fscanf, sscanf ]
fseek	reposition a stream	[ fseek, ftell, fgetpos, fsetpos, rewind ]
ftell	reposition a stream	[ fseek, ftell, fgetpos, fsetpos, rewind ]
fwrite	buffered binary input/output	[ fread, fwrite ]
getc	get character or word from stream	[ getc, getchar, fgetc, getw ]
getchar	get character or word from stream	[ getc, getchar, fgetc, getw ]
gets	get a string from a stream	[ gets, fgets ]
getw	get character or word from stream	[ getc, getchar, fgetc, getw ]
printf	formatted output conversion	[ printf, fprintf, sprintf ]
putc	put character or word on a stream	[ putc, putchar, fputc, putw ]
putchar	put character or word on a stream	[ putc, putchar, fputc, putw ]
puts	put a string on a stream	[ puts, fputs ]
putw	put character or word on a stream	[ putc, putchar, fputc, putw ]
remove	remove directory entry
rewind	reposition a stream	[ fseek, ftell, fgetpos, fsetpos, rewind ]
scanf	formatted input conversion	[ scanf, fscanf, sscanf ]
setbuf	assign buffering to a stream	[ setbuf, setvbuf, setbuffer, setlinebuf ]
setbuffer	assign buffering to a stream	[ setbuf, setvbuf, setbuffer, setlinebuf ]
setlinebuf	assign buffering to a stream	[ setbuf, setvbuf, setbuffer, setlinebuf ]
setvbuf	assign buffering to a stream	[ setbuf, setvbuf, setbuffer, setlinebuf ]
sprintf	formatted output conversion	[ printf, fprintf, sprintf ]
sscanf	formatted input conversion	[ scanf, fscanf, sscanf ]
stdio	standard buffered input/output package
tmpfile	generate unique file name	[ tmpnam ]
tmpnam	generate unique file name
ungetc	push character back into input stream
vfprintf		[ vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf ]
vprintf		[ vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf ]
vsprintf		[ vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf ]

3X. Miscellaneous Libraries

arc	graphics interface	[ plot: openpl, erase, label, line, circle, arc, move, cont, point, linemod, space, closepl ]
circle	graphics interface	[ plot: openpl, erase, label, line, circle, arc, move, cont, point, linemod, space, closepl ]
cont	graphics interface	[ plot: openpl, erase, label, line, circle, arc, move, cont, point, linemod, space, closepl ]
curses	screen functions with “optimal” cursor motion
dbm	data base subroutines	[ dbminit, fetch, store, delete, firstkey, nextkey ]
dbminit	data base subroutines	[ dbminit, fetch, store, delete, firstkey, nextkey ]
delete	data base subroutines	[ dbminit, fetch, store, delete, firstkey, nextkey ]
erase	graphics interface	[ plot: openpl, erase, label, line, circle, arc, move, cont, point, linemod, space, closepl ]
fetch	data base subroutines	[ dbminit, fetch, store, delete, firstkey, nextkey ]
firstkey	data base subroutines	[ dbminit, fetch, store, delete, firstkey, nextkey ]
label	graphics interface	[ plot: openpl, erase, label, line, circle, arc, move, cont, point, linemod, space, closepl ]
lib2648	subroutines for the HP 2648 graphics terminal
line	graphics interface	[ plot: openpl, erase, label, line, circle, arc, move, cont, point, linemod, space, closepl ]
linemod	graphics interface	[ plot: openpl, erase, label, line, circle, arc, move, cont, point, linemod, space, closepl ]
move	graphics interface	[ plot: openpl, erase, label, line, circle, arc, move, cont, point, linemod, space, closepl ]
mp	multiple precision integer arithmetic	[ madd, msub, mult, mdiv, pow, gcd, invert, rpow, msqrt, mcmp, move, min, omin, fmin, m_in, mout, omout, fmout, m_out, sdiv, itom ]
nextkey	data base subroutines	[ dbminit, fetch, store, delete, firstkey, nextkey ]
openpl	graphics interface	[ plot: openpl, erase, label, line, circle, arc, move, cont, point, linemod, space, closepl ]
plot	graphics interface	[ plot: openpl, erase, label, line, circle, arc, move, cont, point, linemod, space, closepl ]
point	graphics interface	[ plot: openpl, erase, label, line, circle, arc, move, cont, point, linemod, space, closepl ]
space	graphics interface	[ plot: openpl, erase, label, line, circle, arc, move, cont, point, linemod, space, closepl ]
store	data base subroutines	[ dbminit, fetch, store, delete, firstkey, nextkey ]
termcap	terminal independent operation routines	[ tgetent, tgetnum, tgetflag, tgetstr, tgoto, tputs ]
tgetent	terminal independent operation routines	[ tgetent, tgetnum, tgetflag, tgetstr, tgoto, tputs ]
tgetflag	terminal independent operation routines	[ tgetent, tgetnum, tgetflag, tgetstr, tgoto, tputs ]
tgetnum	terminal independent operation routines	[ tgetent, tgetnum, tgetflag, tgetstr, tgoto, tputs ]
tgetstr	terminal independent operation routines	[ tgetent, tgetnum, tgetflag, tgetstr, tgoto, tputs ]
tgoto	terminal independent operation routines	[ tgetent, tgetnum, tgetflag, tgetstr, tgoto, tputs ]
tputs	terminal independent operation routines	[ tgetent, tgetnum, tgetflag, tgetstr, tgoto, tputs ]

4. Special Files (intro)

bk	line discipline for machine-machine communication (obsolete)
en	Xerox 3 Mb/s Ethernet interface
evs	event driver status
intro	introduction to special files and hardware support
kmem	main memory	[ mem, kmem ]
lo	software loopback network interface
mem	main memory	[ mem, kmem ]
midi	MIDI device interface	[ midi_set_owner, midi_get_xmit, midi_get_recv, midi_get_out_timer_port, midi_set_quanta_per_clock, midi_get_quanta_per_clock, midi_output_queue_size, midi_output_queue_notify, midi_send_raw_data, midi_send_cooked_data, midi_send_packed_data, midi_get_data, midi_set_sys_ignores, midi_get_sys_ignores, midi_set_in_timer_port, midi_get_in_timer_port, midi_set_proto, midi_get_proto, midi_clear_queue, midi_reply_handler, midi_error, midi_error_string ]
midi_timer	MIDI timer interface	[ timer_timeval_req, timer_quanta_req, timer_set, timer_set_quantum, timer_stop, timer_start, timer_direction, midi_timer_reply_handler, midi_timer_error, midi_timer_error_string ]
np	NeXT Laser Printer interface
null	data sink
pty	pseudo terminal driver
sd	SCSI disk device driver
sg	generic SCSI device driver
sound	DSP/Sound driver interface	[ snddriver_get_device_parms, snddriver_set_device_parms, snddriver_get_volume, snddriver_set_volume, snddriver_set_dsp_owner_port, snddriver_set_sndin_owner_port, snddriver_set_sndout_owner_port, snddriver_get_dsp_cmd_port, snddriver_dspcmd_req_msg, snddriver_dspcmd_req_err, snddriver_dspcmd_req_condition, snddriver_dsp_set_flags, snddriver_dsp_host_cmd, snddriver_dsp_boot, snddriver_dsp_write, snddriver_dsp_read, snddriver_stream_setup, snddriver_dsp_protocol, snddriver_stream_start_reading, snddriver_stream_start_writing, snddriver_stream_control, snddriver_stream_nsamples, snddriver_reply_handler ]
st	SCSI Tape Device Driver
tb	line discipline for digitizing devices
tty	general terminal interface
zs	Zilog 8530 Serial Communications Controller

4F. Network Protocol Families

inet

Internet protocol family

4N. Network Facilities (intro)

if	general properties of network interfaces
intro	introduction to networking facilities	[ networking ]
networking	introduction to networking facilities

4P. Network Protocols

arp	Address Resolution Protocol
icmp	Internet Control Message Protocol
ip	Internet Protocol
nfs	network file system	[ nfs, NFS ]
tcp	Internet Transmission Control Protocol
udp	Internet User Datagram Protocol

5. File Formats

L-devices	UUCP device description file
L-dialcodes	UUCP phone number index file
L.aliases	UUCP hostname alias file
L.cmds	UUCP remote command permissions file
L.sys	UUCP remote host description file
Mach-O	Mach-O assembler and link editor output
USERFILE	UUCP pathname permissions file
a.out	Mach-O assembler and link editor output	[ Mach-O ]
acct	execution accounting file
aliases	aliases file for sendmail
ar	archive (library) file format
bootparams	boot parameter data base
dbx	dbx symbol table information
dir	format of directories
disktab	disk description file
dump	incremental dump format	[ dump, dumpdates ]
dumpdates	incremental dump format	[ dump, dumpdates ]
ethers	Ethernet address to hostname database or YP domain
exports	directories to export to NFS clients	[ exports, xtab ]
fs	format of file system volume	[ fs, inode ]
fstab	static information about filesystems	[ mntent, fstab ]
gettytab	terminal configuration data base
group	group file
hosts.equiv	list of trusted hosts
hosts	host name data base	[ /etc/hosts ]
inode	format of file system volume	[ fs, inode ]
map3270	database for mapping ascii keystrokes into IBM 3270 keys
mntent	static information about filesystems	[ mntent, fstab ]
mtab	mounted file system table
netgroup	list of network groups
netinfo	network administrative information
networks	network name data base
passwd	password file
phones	remote host phone number data base
plot	graphics interface
printcap	printer capability data base
protocols	protocol name data base
rcsfile	format of RCS file
remote	remote host description file
resolver		[ resolver configuration file ]
rmtab	local file system mount statistics
rpc	rpc program number data base
services	service name data base
stab	symbol table types
swaptab	static table of paging files
tar	tape archive file format
termcap	terminal capability data base
tp	DEC/mag tape formats
ttys	terminal initialization data
types	primitive system data types
tzfile	time zone information
utmp	login records	[ utmp, wtmp ]
uuencode	format of an encoded uuencode file
vfont	font formats for the Benson-Varian or Versatec
vgrindefs	vgrind’s language definition data base
wtmp	login records	[ utmp, wtmp ]
ypfiles	the yellowpages database and directory structure

7. Miscellaneous Facilities (intro)

afm	Adobe POSTSCRIPT font metrics file format	[ AFM ]
ascii	map of ASCII character set
environ	user environment
eqnchar	special character definitions for eqn
hier	file system hierarchy
intro	miscellaneous useful information pages	[ miscellaneous ]
mailaddr	mail addressing description
man	macros to typeset manual
me	macros for formatting papers
ms	text formatting macros
postscript	print file format	[ POSTSCRIPT ]
term	conventional names for terminals

8. Maintenance Procedures (intro)

ac	login accounting
accton	system accounting	[ sa, accton ]
adduser	procedure for adding new users
autodiskmount	automatically mount and initialize optical disks
biod	NFS daemons	[ nfsd, biod ]
bootparamd	boot parameter server
bootpd	boot protocol daemon
bugfiler	file bug reports in folders automatically
catman	create the cat files for the manual
checkswap	check for the presence of a swapdisk
chown	change owner
clri	clear i-node
cron	clock daemon
dcheck	file system directory consistency check
disk	disk initialization and diagnosis
drtest	standalone disk test program
dump	incremental file system dump
dumpfs	dump file system information
exportfs	export and unexport directories to NFS clients
fsck	file system consistency check and interactive repair
fsirand	install random inode generation numbers
getty	set terminal mode
halt	stop the processor
icheck	file system storage consistency check
inetd	internet “super−server”
init	process control initialization
intro	introduction to system maintenance and operation commands
kern_loader	kernel server loader daemon
kgmon	generate a dump of the operating system’s profile buffers
kl_util	kernel server loader utility program
lookupd	lookup daemon	[ /usr/etc/lookupd ]
lpc	line printer control program
lpd	line printer daemon
mach_swapon	add a file for paging/swapping
mailq	send mail over the internet	[ sendmail ]
makedbm	make a yellow pages dbm file
makedev	make system special files
makekey	generate encryption key
md	create makefile dependencies from .d files created by -MD option to cc
mkfile	create a file
mkfs	construct a file system
mkhosts	generate hashed host table
mklost+found	make a lost+found directory for fsck
mknod	build special file
mkpasswd	generate hashed password table
mkproto	construct a prototype file system
mount	mount and dismount filesystems	[ mount, umount ]
msgwrap	generate remote message classes
named	Internet domain name server
ncheck	generate names from i-numbers
netinfod	NetInfo daemon
newclient	/private directory builder
newfs	construct a new file system
nfsd	NFS daemons	[ nfsd, biod ]
nfsstat	Network File System statistics
nibindd	NetInfo binder
nidomain	NetInfo domain utility
nmserver	Mach network server
nppower	power on/off the NeXT Laser Printer
nu	manage user login accounts (create, modify, destroy UNIX accounts)
pac	printer/plotter accounting information
ping	send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts
prebuild	Build PostScript prebuilt font file from bitmap description files
pscatmap	build ptroff width tables POSTSCRIPT fonts
pscomm	TRANSCRIPT spooler filters for POSTSCRIPT printers	[ pscomm, ps?f, psbad, psrv, pstext, psbanner, psint ]
rc.boot	command script for auto-reboot and daemons	[ rc, rc.boot, rc.local ]
rc	command script for auto-reboot and daemons	[ rc, rc.boot, rc.local ]
rc.local	command script for auto-reboot and daemons	[ rc, rc.boot, rc.local ]
reboot	UNIX bootstrapping procedures
renice	alter priority of running processes
restore	incremental file system restore
rpc.bootparamd	boot parameter server	[ bootparamd ]
rpcinfo	report RPC information
sa	system accounting	[ sa, accton ]
sccstorcs	build RCS file from SCCS file
sendmail	send mail over the internet
showmount	show all remote mounts
shutdown	close down the system at a given time
snd_register	register sound device port
sticky	persistent text and append-only directories
sync	update the super block
syslogd	log systems messages
timed	time server daemon
timedc	timed control program
tunefs	tune up an existing file system
umount	mount and dismount filesystems	[ mount, umount ]
update	periodically update the super block
vipw	edit the password file
ypbind	yellow pages server and binder processes	[ ypserv, ypbind ]
ypinit	build and install yellow pages database
ypmake	rebuild yellow pages database
yppoll	what version of a YP map is at a YP server host
yppush	force propagation of a changed YP map
ypserv	yellow pages server and binder processes	[ ypserv, ypbind ]
ypset	point ypbind at a particular server
ypwhich	what machine is the YP server?
ypxfr	transfer a YP map from some YP server to here	[ ypxfr, ypxfr_1perday, ypxfr_1perhour, ypxfr_2perday ]
ypxfr_1perday	transfer a YP map from some YP server to here	[ ypxfr, ypxfr_1perday, ypxfr_1perhour, ypxfr_2perday ]
ypxfr_1perhour	transfer a YP map from some YP server to here	[ ypxfr, ypxfr_1perday, ypxfr_1perhour, ypxfr_2perday ]
ypxfr_2perday	transfer a YP map from some YP server to here	[ ypxfr, ypxfr_1perday, ypxfr_1perhour, ypxfr_2perday ]

8C. Network Services

NSWSd	NextStep(tm) Window Server front-end daemon
arp	address resolution display and control
comsat	biff server
fingerd	remote user information server
ftpd	DARPA Internet File Transfer Protocol server
ifconfig	configure network interface parameters
mountd	NFS mount request server
portmap	DARPA port to RPC program number mapper
rdump	file system dump across the network
rexd	RPC-based remote execution server
rexecd	remote execution server
rlogind	remote login server
rmt	remote magtape protocol module
route	manually manipulate the routing tables
routed	network routing daemon
rpc.mountd	NFS mount request server	[ mountd ]
rpc.rstatd	kernel statistics server	[ rstatd ]
rpc.rusersd	network username server	[ rusersd ]
rpc.rwalld	network rwall server	[ rwalld ]
rpc.sprayd	spray server	[ sprayd ]
rpc.yppasswdd	server for modifying yellow pages password file	[ yppasswdd ]
rpcinfo	report RPC information
rrestore	restore a file system dump across the network
rshd	remote shell server
rstatd	kernel statistics server
rusersd	network username server
rwalld	network rwall server
rwhod	system status server
slattach	attach serial lines as network interfaces
sprayd	spray server
talkd	remote user communication server
telnetd	DARPA TELNET protocol server
tftpd	DARPA Trivial File Transfer Protocol server
tnamed	DARPA Trivial name server
trpt	transliterate protocol trace
uucico	transfer files queued by uucp or uux	[ uucico, uucpd ]
uuclean	uucp spool directory clean-up
uucpd	transfer files queued by uucp or uux	[ uucico, uucpd ]
uupoll	poll a remote UUCP site
uusnap	show snapshot of the UUCP system
uuxqt	UUCP execution file interpreter
yppasswdd	server for modifying yellow pages password file

8c. Network Services

trsp

transliterate sequenced packet protocol trace

Museum

Anchors

Manual — NEXTSTEP 1.0

Section (1)

1. Commands (intro)

1C. Communications Commands

1G. Graphics Commands

1L. TeX Commands

2. System Calls (intro)

3. C Library (intro)

3C. Compatibility Routines

3M. Math Library

3N. Network Support Library

3R. RPC Library (intro)

3S. Standard I/O Library

3X. Miscellaneous Libraries

4. Special Files (intro)

4F. Network Protocol Families

4N. Network Facilities (intro)

4P. Network Protocols

5. File Formats

7. Miscellaneous Facilities (intro)

8. Maintenance Procedures (intro)

8C. Network Services

8c. Network Services