NAME

fopen, freopen, fdopen − open a stream

SYNOPSIS

/usr/ucb/cc [ flag. . . ] file . . .

#include <stdio.h>

FILE ∗fopen(filename, type)
char ∗filename, ∗type;

FILE ∗freopen(filename, type, stream)
char ∗filename, ∗type;
FILE ∗stream;

FILE ∗fdopen(fildes, type)
int fildes;
char ∗type;

DESCRIPTION

fopen opens the file named by filename and associates a stream with it.  If the open succeeds, fopen returns a pointer to be used to identify the stream in subsequent operations. 

filename points to a character string that contains the name of the file to be opened. 

type is a character string having one of the following values:

r open for reading

w truncate or create for writing

a append: open for writing at end of file, or create for writing

r+ open for update (reading and writing)

w+ truncate or create for update

a+ append; open or create for update at EOF

freopen opens the file named by filename and associates the stream pointed to by stream with it.  The type argument is used just as in fopen.  The original stream is closed, regardless of whether the open ultimately succeeds.  If the open succeeds, freopen returns the original value of stream.

freopen is typically used to attach the preopened streams associated with stdin, stdout, and stderr to other files. 

fdopen associates a stream with the file descriptor fildes. File descriptors are obtained from calls like open, dup, creat, or pipe(2), which open files but do not return streams.  Streams are necessary input for many of the Section 3S library routines.  The type of the stream must agree with the mode of the open file. 

When a file is opened for update, both input and output may be done on the resulting stream.  However, output may not be directly followed by input without an intervening fseek or rewind, and input may not be directly followed by output without an intervening fseek, rewind, or an input operation which encounters EOF. 

SEE ALSO

open(2), pipe(2), fclose(3S), fseek(3S), fopen(3S), malloc(3C). 

RETURN VALUE

fopen, freopen, and fdopen return a NULL pointer on failure. 

NOTES

fopen differs from the library routine of the same name in the base system only in interface. 

In order to support the same number of open files that the system does, fopen must allocate additional memory for data structures using calloc [see malloc(3)] after 64 files have been opened.  This confuses some programs which use their own memory allocators. 

  —  BSD Compatibility Package