NAME

restore − incremental file system restore

SYNOPSIS

/etc/restore key [ name ... ]

DESCRIPTION

Restore reads tapes dumped with the dump(8) command. Its actions are controlled by the key argument.  The key is a string of characters containing at most one function letter and possibly one or more function modifiers.  Other arguments to the command are file or directory names specifying the files that are to be restored.  Unless the h key is specified (see below), the appearance of a directory name refers to the files and (recursively) subdirectories of that directory. 

The function portion of the key is specified by one of the following letters:

r The tape is read and loaded into the current directory.  This should not be done lightly; the r key should only be used to restore a complete dump tape onto a clear file system or to restore an incremental dump tape after a full level zero restore.  Thus

/etc/newfs /dev/rrp0g eagle
/etc/mount /dev/rp0g /mnt
cd /mnt
restore r

is a typical sequence to restore a complete dump.  Another restore can be done to get an incremental dump in on top of this.  Note that restore leaves a file restoresymtab in the root directory to pass information between incremental restore passes.  This file should be removed when the last incremental tape has been restored. 
A dump(8) followed by a newfs(8) and a restore is used to change the size of a file system. 

R Restore requests a particular tape of a multi volume set on which to restart a full restore (see the r key above).  This allows restore to be interrupted and then restarted. 

x The named files are extracted from the tape.  If the named file matches a directory whose contents had been written onto the tape, and the h key is not specified, the directory is recursively extracted.  The owner, modification time, and mode are restored (if possible).  If no file argument is given, then the root directory is extracted, which results in the entire content of the tape being extracted, unless the h key has been specified. 

t The names of the specified files are listed if they occur on the tape.  If no file argument is given, then the root directory is listed, which results in the entire content of the tape being listed, unless the h key has been specified.  Note that the t key replaces the function of the old dumpdir program. 

i This mode allows interactive restoration of files from a dump tape.  After reading in the directory information from the tape, restore provides a shell like interface that allows the user to move around the directory tree selecting files to be extracted.  The available commands are given below; for those commands that require an argument, the default is the current directory. 

ls [arg] List the current or specified directory.  Entries that are directories are appended with a “/”.  Entries that have been marked for extraction are prepended with a “∗”.  If the verbose key is set the inode number of each entry is also listed. 

cd arg Change the current working directory to the specified argument. 

pwd Print the full pathname of the current working directory. 

add [arg] The current directory or specified argument is added to the list of files to be extracted.  If a directory is specified, then it and all its descendents are added to the extraction list (unless the h key is specified on the command line).  Files that are on the extraction list are prepended with a “∗” when they are listed by ls. 

delete [arg] The current directory or specified argument is deleted from the list of files to be extracted.  If a directory is specified, then it and all its descendents are deleted from the extraction list (unless the h key is specified on the command line).  The most expedient way to extract most of the files from a directory is to add the directory to the extraction list and then delete those files that are not needed. 

extract All the files that are on the extraction list are extracted from the dump tape.  Restore will ask which volume the user wishes to mount.  The fastest way to extract a few files is to start with the last volume, and work towards the first volume. 

verbose The sense of the v key is toggled.  When set, the verbose key causes the ls command to list the inode numbers of all entries.  It also causes restore to print out information about each file as it is extracted. 

help List a summary of the available commands. 

quit Restore immediately exits, even if the extraction list is not empty. 

The following characters may be used in addition to the letter that selects the function desired. 

v Normally restore does its work silently.  The v (verbose) key causes it to type the name of each file it treats preceded by its file type. 

f The next argument to restore is used as the name of the archive instead of /dev/rmt?.  If the name of the file is “−”, restore reads from standard input.  Thus, dump(8) and restore can be used in a pipeline to dump and restore a file system with the command

dump 0f - /usr | (cd /mnt; restore xf -)

F The next argument to restore is used as the name of a file from which interactive input is read.  Normally, standard input (or the controlling terminal if the f key specifies standard input) is read.  This flag allows the interactive mode of restore to be driven from a command file when the archive file is standard input.  The interactive interface, the prompt for next volume number, and the prompt to set the access mode for “.” are affected.  Error recovery interaction and verifying operator readiness are not affected.  For example, if the file inputfile contains

add
delete foo
add foo/bar
extract
1
yes
quit

then the command

restore iF inputfile

will use the interactive mode to automatically mark everything for extraction, unmark the directory foo, mark foo/bar, extract the marked files, specify volume 1, set the access mode for “.”, and quit.  The easiest way to determine the commands needed is to do the restore by hand once, and write down everything that you type. 

y Restore will not ask whether it should abort the restore if gets a tape error.  It will always try to skip over the bad tape block(s) and continue as best it can. 

m Restore will extract by inode numbers rather than by file name.  This is useful if only a few files are being extracted, and one wants to avoid regenerating the complete pathname to the file. 

h Restore extracts the actual directory, rather than the files that it references.  This prevents hierarchical restoration of complete subtrees from the tape. 

DIAGNOSTICS

Restore will complain if there are bad key characters. 

Restore will complain if it gets a read error.  If y has been specified, or the user responds “y”, restore will attempt to continue the restore. 

If the dump extends over more than one tape, restore will ask the user to change tapes.  If the x or i key has been specified, restore will also ask which volume the user wishes to mount.  The fastest way to extract a few files is to start with the last volume, and work towards the first volume. 

There are numerous consistency checks that can be listed by restore. Most checks are self-explanatory or can “never happen.” Common errors are given below.

Converting to new file system format. 
A dump tape created from the old file system has been loaded. It is automatically converted to the new file system format.

<filename>: not found on tape
The specified file name was listed in the tape directory, but was not found on the tape. This is caused by tape read errors while looking for the file, and from using a dump tape created on an active file system.

expected next file <inumber>, got <inumber>
A file that was not listed in the directory showed up. This can occur when using a dump tape created on an active file system.

Incremental tape too low
When doing incremental restore, a tape that was written before the previous incremental tape, or that has too low an incremental level has been loaded.

Incremental tape too high
When doing incremental restore, a tape that does not begin its coverage where the previous incremental tape left off, or that has too high an incremental level has been loaded.

Tape read error while restoring <filename>

Tape read error while skipping over

Tape read error while trying to
A tape read error has occurred. If a file name is specified, then its contents are probably partially wrong. If an inode is being skipped or the tape is trying to resynchronize, then no extracted files have been corrupted, though files may not be found on the tape.

resync restore, skipped <num> blocks
After a tape read error, restore may have to resynchronize itself.  This message lists the number of blocks that were skipped over. 

FILES

/dev/rmt?the default tape drive
/tmp/rstdir∗file containing directories on the tape. 
/tmp/rstmode∗owner, mode, and time stamps for directories. 
./restoresymtabinformation passed between incremental restores. 

SEE ALSO

rrestore(8C) dump(8), newfs(8), mount(8), mkfs(8)

BUGS

Restore can get confused when doing incremental restores from dump tapes that were made on active file systems. 

A level zero dump must be done after a full restore.  Because restore runs in user code, it has no control over inode allocation; thus a full dump must be done to get a new set of directories reflecting the new inode numbering, even though the contents of the files is unchanged. 

PRPQs 5799-WZQ/5799-PFF: IBM/4.3  —  July 1987