newfs(1M)

NAME

newfs − construct a new file system

SYNOPSIS

File Name Length Same as Root Volume

/etc/newfs [-F] [-n] [-v] [mkfs-options] special disk_type

Short File Name System

/etc/newfs -S [-F] [-n] [-v] [mkfs-options] special disk_type

Long File Name System

/etc/newfs -L [-F] [-n] [-v] [mkfs-options] special disk_type

DESCRIPTION

newfs is a “friendly” front-end to the mkfs program (see mkfs(1M)). newfs looks in disk description file /etc/disktab for the type of disk a file system is being created on, calculates the appropriate parameters to use in calling mkfs, then builds the file system by forking mkfs and, if the file system is a root section, installs the necessary bootstrap programs in the initial 8192 bytes of the device.

newfs creates the file system with a rotational delay value (see tunefs(1M)) as based on the interface ( SCSI, HP-FL, HPIB ) and other characteristics of the disk drive. To get the appropriate rotational delay value, turn immediate reporting on or off before rather than after creating the file system.

Options

newfs recognizes the following command-line options and arguments:

-L

-S There are two types of HFS file systems. They are distinguished mainly by differing directory formats that place different limits on the length of directory entries (file names). By default, newfs creates a file system of the same type as the root file system. However, the type of file system can be explicitly specified by using the -L or -S option. -L (long file names) creates a file system that allows file names up to MAXNAMLEN (255) bytes long; -S (short file names) creates a file system that allows file names not more than DIRSIZ (14) bytes long.

-F Forces newfs to continue processing on a mounted file system. If -F is not specified, newfs prompts the user and waits for a reply. Note that newfs does not work on a swap device, even if -F is specified.

-n Prevents bootstrap programs from being installed.

-v (verbose) newfs prints out its actions, including the parameters passed to mkfs.

special character (raw) special file for the disk.

disk_type Type of disk as specified in /etc/disktab.

mkfs Default-Override Options

The following additional command-line options can be used to override default parameters passed to mkfs:

-s size File system size in DEV_BSIZE blocks (defined in <sys/param.h>).

-b block-size File system block size in bytes.

-f frag-size File system fragment size in bytes.

-t tracks_per_cylinder
Number of tracks per cylinder.

-c #cylinders_per_group
Number of cylinders per cylinder group in a file system. The default value used is 16.

-m free_space_percent
Percentage of space reserved from normal users; the minimum free space threshold. Default value is 10 percent.

-r revolutions_per_minute
Disk speed in revolutions per minute (normally 3600).

-i number_of_bytes_per_inode
Specifies the density of inodes in the file system. Default is to create an inode for each 2048 bytes of data space. If fewer inodes are desired, a larger number should be used; to create more inodes a smaller number should be given.

Access Control Lists (ACLs)

Every file with one or more optional ACL entries consumes an extra (continuation) inode. If you anticipate significant use of ACL s on a new file system, you can allocate more inodes by reducing the value of the argument to the -i option appropriately. The small default value typically causes allocation of many more inodes than are actually necessary, even with ACL s. To evaluate the need for extra inodes, run bdf -i on existing file systems. For more information on access control lists, see acl(5).

Note that access control list descriptions in this entry apply only to standard HP-UX operating systems. If HP-UX BLS software has been installed, access control lists are handled differently. Refer to HP-UX BLS documentation for information about access control lists in the HP-UX BLS environment.

FILES

/etc/disktab disk geometry and file system section information

DEPENDENCIES

Series 700/800

newfs does not install bootstrap programs in a root section of a Series 800 system because the boot programs are kept in a separate section. On Series 700 systems, newfs does not install the bootstrap programs, in order to conserve disk space. On both Series 700 and Series 800 systems, the mkboot command can be used to install the bootstrap programs.

AUTHOR

newfs was developed by the University of California, Berkeley and HP.

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