FORK(2)

NAME

fork − create a new process

SYNOPSIS

int fork ()

HP-UX COMPATIBILITY

Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY

Origin: System V, HP

DESCRIPTION

Fork causes creation of a new process. The new process (child process) is an exact copy of the calling process (parent process). This means the child process inherits the following attributes from the parent process:

environment

close-on-exec flag (see exec(2))

signal handling settings (i.e., SIG_DFL, SIG_IGN, function address)

set-user-ID mode bit

set-group-ID mode bit

profiling on/off status (see profil(2))

real-time priority (see rtprio(2))

nice value (see nice(2))

all attached shared memory segments (see shmop(2))

process group ID

tty group ID (see exit(2) and signal(2))

trace flag (see ptrace(2) request 0)

current working directory

root directory

file mode creation mask (see umask(2))

file size limit (see ulimit(2))

The child process differs from the parent process in the following ways:

The child process has a unique process ID.

The child process has a different parent process ID (i.e., the process ID of the parent process).

The child process has its own copy of the parent’s file descriptors. Each of the child’s file descriptors shares a common file pointer with the corresponding file descriptor of the parent.

All semadj values are cleared (see semop(2)).

Process locks, text locks and data locks are not inherited by the child (see plock(2)).

The child process’s utime, stime, cutime, and cstime are set to 0; see times(2). The time left until an alarm clock signal is reset to zero, and all interval timers are set to zero (disabled).

Fork will fail and no child process will be created if one or more of the following are true:

[EAGAIN] The system-imposed limit on the total number of processes under execution would be exceeded.

[EAGAIN] The system-imposed limit on the total number of processes under execution by a single user would be exceeded.

The parent and child processes resume execution immediately after the fork call; they are identified by the value returned by fork (see below).

Note that standard I/O buffers are duplicated in the child. Thus, if you fork after a buffered I/O operation that was not flushed, you may get duplicate output.

Vfork is provided as a higher performance, limited version of fork on some systems. See vfork(2) for details.

HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES

Series 200:

[ENOSPC] Fork will fail if there is not enough swapping memory to create the new process.

[ENOMEM] Fork will fail if there is not enough physical memory to create the new process.

Series 500:

[ENOMEM] Fork will fail if there is not enough physical memory to create the new process.

profil(2) is not supported on Series 500 Computers.

RETURN VALUE

Upon successful completion, fork returns a value of 0 to the child process and returns the process ID of the child process to the parent process. Otherwise, a value of −1 is returned to the parent process, no child process is created, and errno is set to indicate the error.

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