EXCHANGE UTILITY (EXCHANGE)

 The Exchange Utility (EXCHANGE) is a utility program that is used
 with  mass-storage  volumes  that  are  formatted  for  operating
 systems other than VMS.

 EXCHANGE performs file transfers and format conversions on:

       o  DOS-11 magnetic tape volumes
       o  Files-11 volumes
       o  RT-11 block-addressable volumes

 In addition to transferring files, EXCHANGE allows you to:

       o  Initialize foreign volumes, and scan for bad blocks
       o  List directories of volumes
       o  Delete files from block-addressable volumes
       o  Rename files on block-addressable volumes
       o  Write boot blocks on VAX-11 processor consoles
       o  Mount and dismount foreign volumes

 To see more  detailed information  about EXCHANGE,  please invoke
 the  EXCHANGE utility and give the HELP  command to the EXCHANGE>
 prompt.

Additional information available:

COPYDELETEDIRECTORYDISMOUNTEXITHELP
INITIALIZEMOUNTRENAMESHOWTYPE

InvokingCommand FormatsVolume FormatsRecord Formats
CarriageControlTransfer ModesVirtual Devices

 You can use EXCHANGE interactively  or  as  a  DCL  command.   To
 begin an interactive dialogue with EXCHANGE, enter the following to
 the DCL prompt:

      $ EXCHANGE

 The utility responds with the prompt:

      EXCHANGE>

 You can now enter any EXCHANGE command string.  To return to  DCL
 from the EXCHANGE> prompt, type EXIT or CTRL/Z.

 To use EXCHANGE as a DCL command, append the  command  string  to
 the EXCHANGE verb, as shown below.

      $ EXCHANGE DIRECTORY CSA1:*.CMD

Additional information available:

Qualifiers

 EXCHANGE  allows one  qualifier  on  the  EXCHANGE  verb  itself.
 This  qualifier  must  be  placed immediately after  the EXCHANGE
 verb, it  cannot be  placed on the EXCHANGE command string.   The
 verb qualifier is  used to  define a condition which is to remain
 in effect for the entire EXCHANGE session.

Additional information available:

/MESSAGE

 /MESSAGE      (default)
 /NOMESSAGE

      In the usual case (i.e.  with /MESSAGE in effect),  EXCHANGE
      will  print  a  status message when a volume is initialized,
      when a volume is mounted, and when a volume  is  dismounted.
      If  the  /NOMESSAGE  qualifier  is  used,  the  default  for
      EXCHANGE is to not print any messages  for  these  commands.

 Most EXCHANGE command strings are very similar to the  analoguous
 DCL  command  for  native  volumes.   The  general  form  for the
 EXCHANGE command string is:

   verb/qualifier  file-spec/qualifier[,...]  [file-spec/qualifier]

 The second file-spec is only needed  for  commands  that  specify
 data transfers or require additional parameters.

Additional information available:

Verbs

      The verb defines the action to  be  performed  by  EXCHANGE.
      The verb is the same as the DCL command verb that performs a
      similar function on native volumes.  Valid verbs are:

           COPY        Copy files from input to output spec
           DELETE      Delete files from block-addressable volumes
           DIRECTORY   List names of files on volume
           DISMOUNT    Dismount a volume
           EXIT        Return to the DCL command level
           HELP        Obtain help on EXCHANGE commands
           INITIALIZE  Create an empty volume
           MOUNT       Mount a volume on a device (foreign only)
           RENAME      Rename files on block-addressable volumes
           SHOW        Show volumes known to EXCHANGE
           TYPE        Display files on the default output device

 EXCHANGE  uses  the  /VOLUME_FORMAT=option  qualifier  to  define  the
 physical format of volumes to be processed.

               EXCHANGE /VOLUME_FORMAT Options
      Option                            Function

      FILES11        Identifies a Files-11 formatted native volume
      RT11           Identifies an  RT-11  block-addressable volume
      DOS11          Identifies a DOS-11 formatted magnetic tape volume

 EXCHANGE uses the /RECORD_FORMAT=option qualifier to  define  the
 internal record structure of a file on a foreign volume.

               EXCHANGE /RECORD_FORMAT Options
       Option                           Function

      BINARY         Identifies PDP-11 formatted binary records
      FIXED[=n]      Identifies fixed-length record format, length
                     n defaults to 512
      STREAM         Identifies ASCII stream record format
      PAD=c          Sets the character to pad  short  records  on
                     fixed-length output, valid only with FIXED

 The /CARRIAGE_CONTROL qualifier is used to specify  the  carriage
 control  attributes  of a file.  It is useful for Files-11 output
 files only.
              EXCHANGE /CARRIAGE_CONTROL
       Option                           Function

      CARRIAGE_RETURN  Implied carriage-return/line-feed control
      FORTRAN          FORTRAN carriage control record attribute
      NONE             No implied carriage control

 The /TRANSFER_MODE qualifier is used to specify the I/O method to
 be  used  in  a  transfer.   This option is useful for all volume
 formats.
               /TRANSFER_MODE Options
       Option                           Function

      AUTOMATIC      Select  BLOCK  transfer  for  efficiency   if
                         possible
      BLOCK          Transfer block-by-block
      RECORD         Transfer record-by-record

 A virtual-device is a VAX-11 RMS file which contains an image  of
 a  foreign  block-addressable device.  EXCHANGE treats a virtual-
 device as a foreign volume.

 EXCHANGE must  be  used  in  interactive  mode  to  manipulate  a
 virtual-device.

   EXCHANGE> mount /virtual disk: virtual.dsk
   %EXCHANGE-S-MOUNTVIR, the RT-11 virtual volume DISK: has been
              mounted using the file DRA2:<JOYNER>VIRTUAL.DSK;1

   EXCHANGE> directory disk:

   Directory of RT-11 volume DISK:      27-Sep-1984 08:30
                       using DRA2:<JOYNER>VIRTUAL.DSK;1

     ANSI.COM      1 10-Mar-1983     QARINV.TXT    3 17-Sep-1984
     REASSI.COM   13 16-Mar-1984     SYSCRE.MAC    1 16-May-1983

   Total of 4 files, 18 blocks.  Free space 4944 blocks, largest 4474.

   EXCHANGE> copy /log sys$login:work.txt disk:
   %EXCHANGE-S-COPIED, _SLOTH$DUA17:<HOBBS.WRKD$.LOGIN>WORK.TXT;10
                         copied to DISK:WORK.TXT, 73 records

 The EXCHANGE command COPY transfers a file or  files  from  the  input
 volume to the output volume.  EXCHANGE> COPY can:

      o  Copy a file between a foreign volume and a native volume
      o  Copy a file from one foreign volume to another foreign volume
      o  Convert the format of the file during the transfer
      o  Copy groups of files between volumes
      o  Give the output file a different name from the input
      o  Copy RT-11 monitor bootstrap information, to make a bootable
         volume

 Format
         EXCHANGE>  COPY   input-file-spec[,...]   output-file-spec
 Prompts
         Input file(s):  input-file-spec[,...]
         Output file:    output-file-spec

Additional information available:

ParametersQualifiers

   input-file-spec[,...]

      Specifies the names of one or more input files to be copied.

   output-file-spec

      Specifies the name of the output file,  directory  or  device  to
      which  the input files are to be copied.

Additional information available:

/BOOT/LOG/ALLOCATION/BEST_TRY_CONTIGUOUS
/CARRIAGE_CONTROL/CONTIGUOUS/DELETE/EXTENSION
/PROTECT/RECORD_FORMAT/REPLACE/REWIND/START_BLOCK
/TRANSFER_MODE/TRUNCATE/VOLUME_FORMAT

      This qualifier copies bootstrap information from  a  monitor
      file  to  blocks  0  and  2  through  5  of an RT-11 volume,
      permitting you to use that volume as a VAX-11 processor
      console volume.  EXCHANGE will automatically sense whether the
      volume uses early or late format bootstrapping.  The optional
      two-letter value tells the name of the handler file to be
      used for late format bootstraps, it defaults to the handler
      for the actual device type.

 /LOG
 /NOLOG

      Controls   whether   EXCHANGE   COPY   displays   the   file
      specifications of each file copied.

 /ALLOCATION=n

      Forces the initial allocation of the output file to the number of
      512-byte  blocks  specified  as n.  /ALLOCATION is only valid for
      Files-11 and RT-11 output files.

 /BEST_TRY_CONTIGUOUS
 /NOBEST_TRY_CONTIGUOUS

      Indicates whether the output file is to be allocated contiguously
      on  a  "best  effort"  basis  --  that  is, whether EXCHANGE will
      attempt to place the file on consecutive  physical  disk  blocks.

 /CARRIAGE_CONTROL=option

      The /CARRIAGE_CONTROL  qualifier  defines  the  carriage  control
      attributes of a file.

 /CONTIGUOUS
 /NOCONTIGUOUS

      Indicates whether the output file is to be contiguous -- that is,
      whether  the  file  must occupy consecutive physical disk blocks.

 /DELETE
 /NODELETE

      This  qualifier  controls  whether  EXCHANGE  COPY  will   delete
      existing  files of the same name during the copy operation.

 /EXTENSION=n

      Specifies the number of blocks to be added  to  the  output  file
      each time the file is extended.

 /PROTECT
 /NOPROTECT

      Defines the protection to be applied to  an  RT-11  output  file.
      RT-11   files   are  either  protected  (/PROTECT  specified)  or
      unprotected (/NOPROTECT, the default).

 /RECORD_FORMAT=(option[,...])

      The /RECORD_FORMAT qualifier  defines  the  internal  record
      structure of a file and other attributes of the records.

              Option                    Function

           BINARY         Identifies formatted binary mode
           FIXED[=n]      Identifies fixed-length record format, length n
           STREAM         Identifies ASCII stream mode transfers
           PAD            Sets the character to pad short  records

 /REPLACE
 /NOREPLACE

      Requests that if an RT-11 output file  already  exists  with  the
      same  file specification as that entered for the output file, the
      existing file is to be deleted before the copy proceeds.

 /REWIND
 /NOREWIND

      Causes the DOS-11 input tape reel to be logically rewound
      (/REWIND)  or  not rewound (/NOREWIND) to  beginning-of-tape
      before searching for the input file.

 /START_BLOCK=n

      For RT-11 volumes the /START_BLOCK qualifier can be used  to
      specify  the  logical  block number where the file should be
      placed.  This  can  be  especially  useful  with  TU58  data
      cartridges,   because   performance   can  be  significantly
      enhanced by careful placement of files.

 /TRANSFER_MODE=option

      The  /TRANSFER_MODE  option  determines  how  EXCHANGE  will
      transfer the file.   See  Transfer_Modes for a more complete
      description.

 /TRUNCATE
 /NOTRUNCATE

      Controls whether the EXCHANGE COPY command  truncates  an  output
      file  at  the  end-of-file when copying it.  By default, the COPY
      command uses the allocation of the input file  to  determine  the
      size of the output file.

 /VOLUME_FORMAT=option

      The /VOLUME_FORMAT qualifier defines the physical format  of  the
      volume to be processed.

 Deletes one or  more  files  from  a  foreign  block-addressable  mass
 storage volume.  EXCHANGE does not delete files from DOS-11 or Files-11
 volumes.

 Format
           EXCHANGE>  DELETE   file-spec[,...]

 Prompt
           Filename(s):  file-spec[,...]

Additional information available:

ParametersQualifiers

 file-spec[,...]

      Specifies the names of one or more files to be deleted.

Additional information available:

/LOG/SYSTEM/VOLUME_FORMAT

 /LOG
 /NOLOG

      Controls whether the EXCHANGE DELETE command  displays  the  file
      specification of each file after its deletion.

 /SYSTEM
 /NOSYSTEM

      Controls whether the EXCHANGE DELETE command deletes files  which
      have a file extension of ".SYS" or ".BAD" on RT-11 volumes.

 /VOLUME_FORMAT=option

      The /VOLUME_FORMAT qualifier defines the physical format  of  the
      volume  to  be  processed.   RT-11 volumes are currently the only
      volumes on which DELETE is supported.

 Provides a list of files or information  about  a  file  or  group  of
 files.

 Format
           EXCHANGE>  DIRECTORY   [file-spec[,...]]

 Prompts
           None.

Additional information available:

ParametersQualifiers

 file-spec[,...]

      Specifies one or more files to be listed.

Additional information available:

/ALL/BADBLOCKS/BLOCKS/BRIEF/COLUMNS/DATE
/DELETED/FREE/FULL/OCTAL/OUTPUT/OWNER/PRINTER
/SIZE/SUMMARY/VOLUME_FORMAT

 /ALL
 /NOALL

      The /ALL qualifier is used to list all deleted or unused files on
      an  RT-11  volume,  in  addition  to  other files selected by the
      command.  For example, the command

           EXCHANGE> DIRECTORY  DMA0:*.MAC/ALL

      lists all MACRO-11 source files, plus deleted and unused files.

 /BADBLOCKS
 /NOBADBLOCKS

      The /BADBLOCKS qualifier initiates a scan of the volume to find
      any blocks which return read errors.  The data on the volume is
      not modified.  If a bad-block replacement table is present, the
      contents of  the table  will be  displayed.  This  is valid for
      RT-11 volumes only.

 /BLOCKS
 /NOBLOCKS

      The /BLOCKS qualifier lists the  starting  block  number  of  the
      file.   This  is  only valid for directories of block-addressable
      devices.  The first block of the device is block number 0.

 /BRIEF
 /NOBRIEF

      Includes only the file name of each file to  be  listed.   /BRIEF
      format is equivalent to /NODATE/NOSIZE.

 /COLUMNS=n

      Lists the files using the specified number  of  columns  on  each
      line of the display.

 /DATE
 /NODATE

      Includes the date for each file listed.

 /DELETED
 /NODELETED

      This qualifier lists a directory of files that have been  deleted
      from  an  RT-11  device,  but whose file name information has not
      been destroyed.

 /FREE
 /NOFREE

      The /FREE qualifier is  used  to  include  unused  areas  in  the
      directory  listing.   The /FREE qualifier is only valid with RT11
      format volumes.

      The /FULL qualifier lists all the available information for  each
      file.

 /OCTAL
 /NOOCTAL

      Controls whether numeric information is  printed  in  decimal  or
      octal  format.   The  default is /NOOCTAL, numbers are printed in
      decimal radix.  Dates are always printed in decimal format.

 /OUTPUT[=file-spec]

      Requests that the DIRECTORY command output be written to the file
      specified  rather  than to the current SYS$OUTPUT device.

 /OWNER
 /NOOWNER

      The /OWNER qualifier includes information about the owner of
      the files.

      Queues the command output for printing under the  name  given  by
      the /OUTPUT qualifier.   If you  do no specify /OUTPUT, the  file
      is EXCHDIRE.LIS.

 /SIZE
 /NOSIZE

      Provides the file size in blocks used for each file listed.

 /SUMMARY
 /NOSUMMARY

      This qualifier lists a summary of  the usage  of the  directory
      segments for an RT-11 volume.  If a bad-block replacement table
      is present, the contents of the table will be displayed.

 /VOLUME_FORMAT=option

      The /VOLUME_FORMAT qualifier defines the physical format  of  the
      volume to be processed.

 Releases a volume previously accessed with the EXCHANGE MOUNT command.
 It does not change the mount status as seen by VMS.

 Format
           EXCHANGE>  DISMOUNT   device-name[:]

 Prompt
           Device:  device-name[:]

Additional information available:

ParametersDescriptionQualifier

 device-name[:]

      Specifies the name of the  device  to  be  dismounted.   You  can
      specify  a  physical  device name,  a logical  name assigned to a
      physical device, or the name of a virtual-device.

      The  DISMOUNT  command  closes  all  connections  that   EXCHANGE
      maintains  to the device.  This command does not affect the state
      of the operating system mount, the device remains mounted in  the
      VMS sense.

Additional information available:

/MESSAGE

 /MESSAGE
 /NOMESSAGE

      The /MESSAGE qualifier  controls  whether  or  not  EXCHANGE
      prints  a message which says that the volume was dismounted.

 Terminates execution of EXCHANGE.  Control  is  returned  to  the  DCL
 command level.

 Format
         EXCHANGE>  EXIT

 Prompts
          None.

 Displays information from the internal EXCHANGE help library, which
 is more complete than this DCL-level help.

 Formats and writes a label on a  foreign  mass  storage  volume.   For
 directory-structured   devices,   the   device   directory   is   also
 initialized.

 Format
           EXCHANGE>  INITIALIZE   device-name
           EXCHANGE>  INITIALIZE /CREATE   file-name

 Prompts
         For device or mounted virtual-device initialize:
             Device:  device-name
         For new virtual-device creation (INITIALIZE/CREATE):
             Filename:  file-name

Additional information available:

ParametersDescriptionQualifiers

 device-name

      Specifies the name of the  device  on  which  the  volume  to  be
      initialized is physically mounted.  If the device is not mounted
      on VMS, Exchange executes a $ MOUNT /FOREIGN on your behalf.

      The device  name  can  also  refer  to  the  name  of  a  mounted
      virtual-device which is to be re-initialized.

 file-name

      For INITIALIZE/CREATE, the file-name refers to the name of a file
      which is to be created and initialized as a virtual device.

      The EXCHANGE INITIALIZE command is used to erase all files from a
      volume.   After  initialization, the volume directory contains no
      files.  DOS-11 magnetic tapes and RT-11 block-addressable devices
      may be initialized.

Additional information available:

/ALLOCATION/BADBLOCKS/CREATE/DENSITY/EXTRA_WORDS
/MESSAGE/REPLACE/SEGMENTS/VOLUME_FORMAT

 /ALLOCATION=n

      Specifies the allocation of a  new  virtual-device  file  as  the
      number  of 512-byte blocks specified as n.  If /ALLOCATION is not
      specified when creating a new virtual-device file, EXCHANGE  will
      default  to  an  allocation  of  494 blocks, the size of a single
      density floppy diskette.  The maximum allocation is 65535 blocks.

 /BADBLOCKS[=RETAIN]

      If /BADBLOCKS is specified,  EXCHANGE will perform a bad-block
      scan  of  the  volume  before  initialization.  This  involves
      writing a test pattern across the entire volume, and recording
      which blocks generate errors.  The volume is then initialized,
      and a file with the name FILE.BAD is created on top of each of
      the bad blocks, which prevents any other use of the bad areas.

      If /BADBLOCKS=RETAIN is specified, EXCHANGE does not perform a
      bad-block  scan.   Instead, it  remembers the locations of all
      *.BAD files on the volume.  After initialization, a file named
      FILE.BAD is created on top of each of the bad blocks.

      Says that a virtual device should be created and initialized,
      see help for  Virtual_Device for more  information on the use
      of virtual devices.

 /DENSITY=density-value

      Specifies for magnetic tape volumes, the  density  in  bytes
      per inch (bpi) at which the tape is to be written.

 /EXTRA_WORDS=n

      Specifies, for RT-11 volumes, the number of extra words to add to
      each  directory  entry,  in addition to the required seven words.

 /MESSAGE
 /NOMESSAGE

      The /MESSAGE qualifier  controls  whether  or  not  EXCHANGE
      prints a message which says that the volume was initialized.

 /REPLACE=RETAIN

      When /REPLACE=RETAIN is specified for an RT-11 volume, EXCHANGE
      will retain  the  bad block  replacement  table  and  bad files
      across initialization.  The RETAIN option is required, EXCHANGE
      can not build a replacement table for a volume.

 /SEGMENTS=n

      This qualifier defines, for RT-11 volumes, the number of  2-block
      directory  segments to allocate for the directory.

 /VOLUME_FORMAT=option

      The /VOLUME_FORMAT qualifier defines the physical format  of  the
      volume to be processed.

 Makes a foreign volume and the files or data it contains available for
 processing  by EXCHANGE.  The EXCHANGE MOUNT command enters the device
 into internal tables maintained by EXCHANGE.   If the device has not
 been mounted on VMS with the DCL MOUNT command, EXCHANGE will perform
 the equivalent of a $MOUNT /FOREIGN for you.

 Format
           EXCHANGE>  MOUNT   device-name
           EXCHANGE>  MOUNT /VIRTUAL   device-name   file-name

 Prompts
           For MOUNT /FOREIGN:
                 Device:  device-name
           For MOUNT /VIRTUAL:
                 Virtual device:  device-name
                 Filename:        file-name

Additional information available:

ParametersDescriptionQualifiers

 device-name

      Specifies the physical device name or logical name of the  device
      on  which  the  volume is to be mounted.  For MOUNT /VIRTUAL, the
      device-name parameter supplies a name by which the virtual-device
      will be known.

 file-name

      For MOUNT /VIRTUAL only, the file-name parameter gives  the  name
      of the file containing the image of the foreign volume.

      The EXCHANGE MOUNT command enters the description of the  foreign
      volume in internal tables maintained by EXCHANGE.  It is separate
      and distinct from the DCL MOUNT command, which enters the  device
      in  tables maintained by the VMS operating system.

Additional information available:

/DATA_CHECK/FOREIGN/MESSAGE/VIRTUAL/VOLUME_FORMAT
/WRITE

 /DATA_CHECK[=(READ,WRITE)]
 /NODATA_CHECK

      The /DATA_CHECK qualifier determines whether EXCHANGE performs  a
      second  operation  after  every  I/O operation to verify that the
      data was correctly transferred.

      Indicates that the volume is a physical device, not a virtual
      device.

 /MESSAGE
 /NOMESSAGE

      The /MESSAGE qualifier  controls  whether  or  not  EXCHANGE
      prints  a message  which says  that the  volume was mounted.

      The /VIRTUAL qualifier is used to mount  a  Files-11  file  as  a
      virtual-device.   When  /VIRTUAL is used, the MOUNT command takes
      two parameters.  The first parameter is a device-name which  will
      be  assigned  as  the  name  of  the  virtual-device.  The second
      parameter is the name of the Files-11 file which is the image  of
      a foreign volume.

 /VOLUME_FORMAT=option

      The /VOLUME_FORMAT qualifier defines the physical format  of  the
      volume to be processed.

 /WRITE
 /NOWRITE

      Controls whether the volume can be written.

 Changes the file  specification  of  an  existing  file  on  a  block-
 addressable foreign volume.

 Format
         EXCHANGE>  RENAME   input-file-spec   output-file-spec

 Prompts
         From:  input-file-spec
         To:    output-file-spec

Additional information available:

ParametersQualifiers

 input-file-spec

      Specifies the names of one or more files whose specifications are
      to be changed.

 output-file-spec

      Provides the new file specification to be applied  to  the  input
      file.  The RENAME command uses the file name and file type of the
      input file specification to  provide  defaults  for  nonspecified
      fields in the output file.

Additional information available:

/LOG/SYSTEM/VOLUME_FORMAT

 /LOG
 /NOLOG

      Controls  whether  the   RENAME   command   displays   the   file
      specification of each file that it renames.

 /SYSTEM
 /NOSYSTEM

      Controls whether the EXCHANGE RENAME command renames files  which
      have a file extension of ".SYS".  These files are typically files
      which are necessary for the operation of an RT-11  system.   Only
      RT-11 volumes treat .SYS files in this special manner.

 /VOLUME_FORMAT=option

      The /VOLUME_FORMAT qualifier defines the physical format  of  the
      volume  to  be  processed.   Currently RT-11 volumes are the only
      volumes on which RENAME is supported.

 Shows devices currently known to EXCHANGE.

 Format
         EXCHANGE>  SHOW
 Prompts
         None.

 The EXCHANGE TYPE command displays the contents of a file or group  of
 files on the current output device.

 Format
         EXCHANGE>  TYPE   file-spec[,...]
 Prompts
         File:  file-spec[,...]

Additional information available:

ParametersQualifiers

 file-spec[,...]

      Specifies the names of one or more input files to be shown.

Additional information available:

/LOG/RECORD_FORMAT/REWIND/VOLUME_FORMAT

 /LOG
 /NOLOG

      Controls whether EXCHANGE TYPE displays the  file  specifications
      of each file printed.

 /RECORD_FORMAT=(option[,...])

      The  /RECORD_FORMAT  qualifier  defines   the   internal   record
      structure of a file and other attributes of the records.

 /REWIND
 /NOREWIND

      Causes the DOS-11 input tape reel to be logically rewound (/REWIND)
      or not rewound  (/NOREWIND) to beginning-of-tape before EXCHANGE
      searches for the input file name.

 /VOLUME_FORMAT=option

      The /VOLUME_FORMAT qualifier defines the physical format  of  the
      volume to be processed.