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Parameters

Qualifiers

Examples

/ASSIST

/BACKUP

/BEFORE

/BLOCK_SIZE

/BRIEF

/BUFFER_COUNT

/BY_OWNER

/COMMENT

/COMPARE

/CONFIRM

/CRC

/CREATED

/DELETE

/DENSITY

/EXCLUDE

/EXPIRED

/FAST

/FULL

/GROUP_SIZE

/IGNORE

/IMAGE

/INCREMENTAL

/INITIALIZE

/INTERCHANGE

/JOURNAL

/LABEL

/LIST

/LOG

/MODIFIED

/NEW_VERSION

/OVERLAY

/OWNER_UIC

/PHYSICAL

/PROTECTION

/RECORD

/REPLACE

/REWIND

/SAVE_SET

/SELECT

/SINCE

/TAPE_EXPIRATION

/TRUNCATE

/VERIFY

/VOLUME

HELP BACKUP — VMS 5.0

  Invokes the Backup Utility (BACKUP) to perform one of the  following
  BACKUP operations:

  o  Make copies of disk files.

  o  Save disk files to a BACKUP save set.

  o  Restore disk files from a BACKUP save set.

  o  Compare disk files or files in a BACKUP save set with disk files.

  o  List information about files in a BACKUP save set  to  an  output
     device or file.

  o  Create and list BACKUP journal files.

  Standalone   BACKUP  is  a  form  of  the  Backup  Utility  that  is
  bootstrapped  into main memory rather than running under the control
  of the VMS operating system.

  For  a  complete  description  of  the  Backup  Utility,   including
  information  about the BACKUP command and its qualifiers, as well as
  using standalone BACKUP, see the VMS Backup Utility Manual.

  Format:


    BACKUP  input-specifier output-specifier

Additional information available:

ParametersQualifiersExamples

Parameters

 input-specifier

  Specifies the input for the BACKUP operation.  The input  specifier
  is either a VMS file specification, a BACKUP save-set specification,
  or  a  device  name.    If  the  input  specifier  is  a   save-set
  specification on disk, it must include the input save-set qualifier
  /SAVE_SET.

  DECnet-VAX  node names are allowed only in save-set specifications.

  Wildcards are permitted in VMS file specifications, and in save-set
  specifications if they are on magnetic tape.

 output-specifier

  Specifies   the   output   for   the  BACKUP  operation. The  output
  specifier,  like  the  input  specifier, can  be  either a VMS  file
  specification,  a  BACKUP  save-set specification, or a device name.
  If  the  output specifier is a save set  specification  on  disk, it
  must include the output save-set qualifier /SAVE_SET.

  DECnet-VAX node names are allowed only in  save-set specifications.

  Wildcard characters  are allowed when  the  output  specifier  is  a
  Files-11  volume, but are not allowed when the output specifier is a
  BACKUP save-set specifier or a volume created by  a  BACKUP/PHYSICAL
  or  BACKUP/IMAGE  operation.

Qualifiers

Additional information available:

/ASSIST/BACKUP/BEFORE/BLOCK_SIZE/BRIEF/BUFFER_COUNT
/BY_OWNER/COMMENT/COMPARE/CONFIRM/CRC
/CREATED/DELETE/DENSITY/EXCLUDE/EXPIRED/FAST/FULL
/GROUP_SIZE/IGNORE/IMAGE/INCREMENTAL/INITIALIZE
/INTERCHANGE/JOURNAL/LABEL/LIST/LOG/MODIFIED
/NEW_VERSION/OVERLAY/OWNER_UIC/PHYSICAL/PROTECTION
/RECORD/REPLACE/REWIND/SAVE_SET/SELECT/SINCE/TAPE_EXPIRATION
/TRUNCATE/VERIFY/VOLUME

/ASSIST

 /ASSIST (default)
 /NOASSIST

 Command Qualifier

  Allows  operator  or  user  intervention  if  a  request  to mount a
  magnetic tape fails during a BACKUP operation. The /ASSIST qualifier
  causes BACKUP to send messages to operator terminals when a  failure
  occurs.

  If  you  specify  /NOASSIST,  mount  failure  messages appear on your
  terminal and are not sent to the operator.  Specifying /NOASSIST when
  BACKUP is run in batch mode has no effect.

/BACKUP

 /BACKUP

 Input file-selection qualifier

  Selects  files  according  to  the  BACKUP date  written in the file
  header  record by the BACKUP/RECORD command. Use this qualifier with
  the /BEFORE or /SINCE qualifier, either of which provides the system
  time value used to determine whether a file is processed.

  Use  the  /BACKUP  file-selection   qualifier  only  with   Files-11
  Structure Level 2 volumes. You cannot use /BACKUP with the /CREATED,
  /MODIFIED,  or /EXPIRED   file-selection  qualifiers,   in an  image
  operation, or in a physical operation.

/BEFORE

 /BEFORE=time

 Input file-selection qualifier

  Selects only those files dated earlier than the time specified.  The
  time  entered  can  be  either delta time or absolute time.  Specify
  these  time  values  according to the rules described in the VMS DCL
  Concepts Manual.

  BACKUP            The date of the last  /RECORD  operation  on  that
                    file

  TODAY             The current day, month,  and  year  at  00:00:00.0
                    o'clock

  TOMORROW          24 hours after midnight last night

  YESTERDAY         24 hours before midnight last night

/BLOCK_SIZE

 /BLOCK_SIZE=n

 Output save-set qualifier

  Defines the block size, in bytes, for data records in a BACKUP  save
  set.  The acceptable range for n is 2048 through 65,534.

  If you do not specify this qualifier, the default blocking size  for
  a  disk save set is 32,528 bytes; for a magnetic tape save set, 8464
  bytes.

/BRIEF

 /BRIEF

 Command qualifier

  Causes the /LIST command qualifier to list the file  name,  size (in
  blocks),  and  creation date for each file.  The /BRIEF qualifier is
  the default action for output produced by the /LIST qualifier.

  You must specify the /LIST qualifier with the /BRIEF qualifier.

/BUFFER_COUNT

 /BUFFER_COUNT=n

 Command qualifier

  Specifies the number of I/O buffers to be used in the operation. The
  maximum  valid  buffer  count  is 5.  /BUFFER_COUNT=3 is the default
  value.  Specify  a  value  for /BUFFER_COUNT that is larger than the
  default  value  only when performing operations using streaming tape
  drives.

/BY_OWNER

 /BY_OWNER[=[uic]]

 Input or output file qualifier, or output save-set qualifier

  As  an  input  file-selection  qualifier,  causes files owned by the
  specified  UIC to  be processed.   A UIC must either be specified as
  octal  numbers or  in alphanumeric  format, in the form [g,m].  Note
  that  the  brackets  are required.  UIC formats are described in the
  VMS DCL  Concepts  Manual.  If this qualifier is specified without a
  UIC,  the default UIC is the current process UIC.  If this qualifier
  is not specified, all files on the volume are processed.

  As an output file qualifier, causes a redefinition of the owner  UIC
  for  each  file restored during the operation.  One of the following
  options can be selected:

  DEFAULT           Sets the owner UIC to the  user's  current default
                    UIC.  This option is the default if the  /BY_OWNER
                    qualifier is not specified.

  ORIGINAL          Retains the owner UIC of the file being  restored.
                    This  option  is  the  default  if  the  /BY_OWNER
                    qualifier is specified, but no option is selected.
                    To  use this option, the UIC must be yours, or you
                    must have the SYSPRV user privilege, or  you  must
                    be the owner of the output volume.

  PARENT            Sets  the  owner  UIC  to  the  owner  UIC  of the
                    directory to which the file is being restored.  To
                    use  this option, the parent UIC must be yours, or
                    you  must  have  the SYSPRV user privilege, or you
                    must be the owner of the output volume.

  [uic]             Sets  the  owner  UIC to the UIC specified. To use
                    this  option,  the  UIC must be yours, or you must
                    have the SYSPRV user privilege, or you must be the
                    owner of the output volume.

  As an output save-set qualifier, specifies the owner UIC of the save
  set.  If the /BY_OWNER qualifier is omitted, the UIC of the  current
  process is used. To use /BY_OWNER as an output save-set   qualifier,
  you  must have the SYSPRV user privilege or the UIC must be your own.

/COMMENT

 /COMMENT=string

 Output save-set qualifier

  Causes the string supplied to be put into the BACKUP summary  record
  of  the  output  save  set.   Enclose  the string in quotation marks
  ("a string") if the  string  contains  a  space  or  nonalphanumeric
  characters. A comment can contain up to 1024 characters.

/COMPARE

 /COMPARE

 Command qualifier

  Causes the contents of the first parameter to be compared  with  the
  contents  of  the  second  parameter. The  first  parameter can be a
  Files-11 file or a wildcard character representing a group of files,
  a BACKUP save set, or a disk device. The second parameter must be  a
  Files-11  disk  file or files, or a Files-11 disk device. Unless you
  also  specify  the  /PHYSICAL  qualifier,  the disk volume must be a
  Files-11  volume.  If a file does not compare successfully, an error
  message reporting this fact is displayed.

/CONFIRM

 /CONFIRM

 Input file-selection qualifier

  Displays  a  prompt  on your terminal before each file is processed.
  To  process  the  file, you  must  reply  by  entering Y or YES  and
  pressing  the  RETURN  key.  All other replies cause the file not to
  be processed.

/CRC

 /CRC (default)
 /NOCRC

  Input or output save-set qualifier

  As  an  input  save-set  qualifier,  causes  the   software   cyclic
  redundancy  check  (CRC) encoded in the save set's data blocks to be
  checked (/CRC) or ignored (/NOCRC).  If you ignore the CRC encoding,
  you reduce processing time at the risk of increasing data error.

  As an  output  save-set  qualifier,  specifies  that   software  CRC
  checking code is to be computed and stored in the data blocks of the
  output save set.  To disable CRC checking, use the /NOCRC qualifier.

/CREATED

 /CREATED

 Input file-selection qualifier

  Selects  files  according  to  the  value of the creation date field
  each file header record.

  Use this qualifier with the /BEFORE or /SINCE qualifier,  either  of
  which  provides  the  system  time value used to determine whether a
  file is processed.

/DELETE

 /DELETE

 Command qualifier

  Specifies that a  BACKUP  save  or  copy  operation is to delete the
  selected  files  from  the  input  volume  after all files have been
  successfully  processed.  Sufficient  user  privilege is required to
  delete  files.  If  used with the /VERIFY qualifier, files that fail
  verification are not deleted.

/DENSITY

 /DENSITY=n

 Output save-set qualifier

  Specifies the density at which a magnetic tape save set is recorded,
  in bits per inch. Use a value  that  is  supported  by the magnetic
  tape drive.

  If you do not specify the /DENSITY qualifier, the default density is
  the current density of the magnetic tape drive. You must specify the
  output save-set qualifier /REWIND with /DENSITY.

/EXCLUDE

 /EXCLUDE=(file-spec[,...])

 Input file-selection qualifier

  Excludes files that otherwise meet the selection criteria for a save
  or copy  operation. If  you specify more than one file specification,
  separate the file  specifications  by  commas  and  enclose the list
  in parentheses.

  Do not use a device specification when  defining  the  files  to  be
  excluded. You  can  use  most  standard wildcard characters, but you
  cannot use wildcard characters denoting latest versions of files (;)
  or relative versions of files (;-n).

  If you specify directory files (files with a file type of DIR), your
  command will be processed, but the directory files are not  excluded
  (they are processed).

/EXPIRED

 /EXPIRED

 Input file-selection qualifier

  Selects  files  according  to the value of the expiration date field
  each file header record.

  Use this qualifier with the /BEFORE or /SINCE qualifier,  either  of
  which  provides  the  system  time value used to determine whether a
  file is processed.

/FAST

 /FAST

 Command qualifier

  Processes an input Files-11 disk using a fast file scan.   The  fast
  file scan reads the index file on the Files-11 disk specified by the
  input  specifier  and  creates  a  table  of  files  that  match the
  qualifiers you  specified.  A fast file scan is most useful when the
  input specifier includes most files on the volume and file-selection
  qualifiers (such  as  those that pertain to date or owner) specify a
  relatively small set of the files named.

  To perform a fast file scan, you need write access to the INDEXF.SYS
  file on the input medium or the input medium  must be write-locked.

/FULL

 /FULL

 Command qualifier

  Causes  file  information produced by the /LIST command qualifier to
  be written in the format provided by the DCL command DIRECTORY/FULL.
  If /FULL is not specified, the default action of the  /LIST  command
  is the action supplied by the /BRIEF qualifier.

  You must specify the /LIST qualifier with the /FULL qualifier.

/GROUP_SIZE

 /GROUP_SIZE=n

 Output save-set qualifier

  Defines the number of blocks BACKUP places in each redundancy group.
  The value of n must be from 0 through 100.

  If you define a value of 0 for /GROUP_SIZE, no redundancy groups are
  created for the save set.  /GROUP_SIZE=10 is the default value.

/IGNORE

 /IGNORE=option

 Command qualifier

  Specifies  that  a  BACKUP  save  or  copy  operation  will override
  restrictions  placed  on  files  or  will  not  perform  tape  label
  processing  checks. The options are:

  INTERLOCK         Processes  files  that   otherwise  could  not  be
                    processed  due  to  file  access  conflicts.  This
                    option can be used to save or copy files that  are
                    currently  open  for writing. Use of the INTERLOCK
                    option  requires  the  user  privilege  SYSPRV,  a
                    system UIC, or ownership of the volume.

  LABEL_PROCESSING  Saves  or  copies   the   contents   of  files  to
                    the  specified  magnetic tape volume regardless of
                    the  information  contained  in  the volume header
                    record. BACKUP does not verify  the  volume  label
                    or expiration date before writing the  save set to
                    the tape volume.

  NOBACKUP          Saves  or  copies  the contents of files that  are
                    marked  with  the  NOBACKUP  flag by the /NOBACKUP
                    qualifier  to  the  DCL command SET FILE.  If this
                    qualifier  is  not  used,  files  marked with  the
                    NOBACKUP    flag    are   processed,  saving   all
                    information necessary to recreate the file, except
                    the actual contents of the file.

/IMAGE

 /IMAGE

 Command qualifier

  Directs BACKUP to process an entire volume or  volume set,  allowing
  you to produce a functionally equivalent copy of the original volume
  or volume set.  To use the /IMAGE command qualifier, you need  write
  access  to  both  the  index  file (INDEXF.SYS) and the bit map file
  (BITMAP.SYS) or the input medium must be write-locked.

  In save and copy  operations, you cannot  use  input  file-selection
  qualifiers  with  the  /IMAGE  command  qualifier.  All files on the
  input disk volumes are saved or copied.

  In restore and copy operations, every file is  restored  or  copied.
  The output volume must be mounted using the /FOREIGN qualifier.  The
  new volume is a functionally equivalent copy of  the  input  volume;
  however, the file placement will change.

  An  image restore or copy operation initializes the output volume or
  volume  set.  The  initialization  data  comes  from the save-volume
  summary  record  of  the  input volume, unless the command qualifier
  /NOINITIALIZE  directs  BACKUP  to initialize the output voume using
  volume initialization data that already exists on the output volume.

/INCREMENTAL

 /INCREMENTAL

 Command qualifier

 Allows you to restore a disk volume from a series of incremental save
  sets.  When processed correctly, the output disk volume will contain
  the same files it contained when the most  recent  incremental  save
  operation  was  performed.  Files that were deleted in the period in
  which the incremental backups were performed are not created on  the
  output  disk  volume.  The  /INCREMENTAL  qualifier is valid only in
  restore operations. The output specifier must specify a device only;
  file specifications are not allowed. When the /INCREMENTAL qualifier
  is  specified,  files  are  restored  using  the  /BY_OWNER=ORIGINAL
  qualifier.

/INITIALIZE

 /INITIALIZE
 /NOINITIALIZE

 Command qualifier

  Initializes  an  output  disk  volume,  making  its  entire previous
  contents  unavailable.  This  qualifier is only valid when used with
  the /IMAGE qualifier in restore or copy operations, or  when writing
  to  a  sequential-disk  save  set.   The  default is /INITIALIZE for
  Files-11 volumes and /NOINITIALIZE for sequential-disk volumes.

/INTERCHANGE

 /INTERCHANGE

 Command qualifier

  Directs BACKUP to  process files  in  a  manner  suitable  for  data
  interchange  (software  distribution), by excluding information that
  would  prevent other utilities or sites from reading the BACKUP save
  set.  The effects of the /INTERCHANGE qualifier are as follows:

  o  Directories not selected as files are not copied.

  o  Access control lists are not copied.

  o  Block size on magnetic tape is limited to 8192 bytes.

  o  Normal error recovery is used to write  magnetic  tapes  so  that
     there are no bad records on the resulting magnetic tape.

/JOURNAL

 /JOURNAL[=file-spec]

 Command qualifier

  Specifies that a BACKUP save  operation  is  to  create,  or  append
  information  to,  a  BACKUP  journal  file.  The BACKUP journal file
  contains an on-disk  record  of  BACKUP  save  operations  and saved
  files.

  The /JOURNAL qualifier can also be used with the /LIST qualifier  to
  list  the contents of the backup journal file.  Do  not  specify  an
  input or output specifier with a BACKUP/JOURNAL/LIST command.

/LABEL

 /LABEL=(string[,...])

 Output save-set qualifier

  Specifies  the  one- to six character volume labels for the magnetic
  tapes  to  which  the save set is written. If you do not specify the
  /LABEL  qualifier,  BACKUP  uses  the  first  six  characters of the
  save-set name as the volume label of the first tape. If the save set
  continues  to  another  tape, and you did not specify a volume label
  for the tape, BACKUP  uses the first four characters of the previous
  tape's  volume label followed by the volume number of the tape.  For
  example,  if  the  first  tape  in a save set is labeled AAAABB, the
  second  tape  in a sequence is labeled AAAA02, and the third tape is
  labeled AAAA03.

/LIST

 /LIST[=file-spec]

 Command qualifier

  Lists information about a BACKUP save set and  about  the files in a
  save set.  This list can be displayed on your terminal or written to
  a file. You can use this qualifier with any operation (save, restore,
  copy, compare, or journal).  If /LIST is specified by itself (not in
  conjunction with another operation), the input specifier must  be  a
  save  set,  and  no  output  specifier can be specified.  Either the
  /BRIEF or the /FULL command qualifier may be used  with  /LIST.   If
  neither  is  specified,  the  default  is  the  action  provided  by
  /BRIEF.

  Do not use /LOG together with /LIST when the  output  for  /LIST  is
  directed to the terminal; you will receive confusing output.

/LOG

 /LOG
 /NOLOG (default)

 Command qualifier

  Causes the file specification of each file processed to be displayed
  (/LOG)  or  not  displayed  (/NOLOG)  at  the  terminal  during  the
  operation.  The default is /NOLOG.

/MODIFIED

 /MODIFIED

 Input file-selection qualifier

  Selects  files  according to the value of the modified date field in
  each file header record.

  Use this qualifier with the /BEFORE or /SINCE qualifier,  either  of
  which  provides  the  system  time value used to determine whether a
  file is processed.

/NEW_VERSION

 /NEW_VERSION

 Output file qualifier

  Creates  a  new  version  of  a  file  if  a file with an  identical
  specification  already  exists at the location to which the  file is
  being  restored  or  copied.  The new file is created with the  same
  name  and  type  and  a  version  number one higher than the highest
  existing version.

  By default, BACKUP does not restore a file with the same file  name,
  file  type,  and  version  number as a file that already exists in a
  directory.  Rather, BACKUP issues an  error  message  and  does  not
  restore  the  file. The /OVERLAY  and   /REPLACE    qualifiers  also
  override  this default,  but  produce  different  results  than  the
  /NEW_VERSION qualifier.

  Because this qualifier causes version numbers to change, do not use
  the /NEW_VERSION qualifier with the /COMPARE or /VERIFY qualifier.

/OVERLAY

 /OVERLAY

 Output file qualifier

  Writes over an  existing file  when  an  identically-named  file  is
  encountered  during the restore operation.  If the identically-named
  files  are  not  the  same size, the file is extended (when the file
  being  restored  is larger) or retains its allocation (when the file
  being restored is smaller).

  By default, BACKUP does not restore a file with the same file  name,
  file  type,  and  version  number as a file that already exists in a
  directory.  Rather, BACKUP issues an  error  message  and  does  not
  restore  the  file. The  /NEW_VERSION  and /REPLACE  qualifiers also
  override  this default,  but   produce   different  results than the
  /OVERLAY qualifier.

/OWNER_UIC

 /OWNER_UIC[=[uic]]

 Input or output file qualifier, or output save-set qualifier

  As  of  Version  5.0  of  the  VMS  operating system, the /OWNER_UIC
  qualifier is  superseded  by  the /BY_OWNER qualifier. The /BY_OWNER
  qualifier is synonymous with /OWNER_UIC. DIGITAL recommends usage of
  the  /BY_OWNER  qualifier.  You  can,  however,  continue to use the
  output save-set qualifier /OWNER_UIC.

  As an output save-set qualifier, specifies the owner UIC of the save
  set.  A  UIC  must  either  be  specified  as  octal  numbers or  in
  alphanumeric format, in the form [g,m]. Note that the  brackets  are
  required.  UIC formats are described in the VMS DCL Concepts Manual.
  If  the  /OWNER_UIC  qualifier  is  omitted,  or  if  /OWNER_UIC  is
  specified without a UIC, the UIC of the current process is used.

/PHYSICAL

 /PHYSICAL

 Command qualifier

  Specifies  that the BACKUP operation is to ignore any file structure
  on the volume and to process the volume in terms of physical blocks.
  A  save  set written  with the BACKUP/PHYSICAL command must also  be
  restored using a BACKUP/PHYSICAL command.

  For  physical copy operations between disks, the output disk must be
  the same  type  of  device  as  the  input  disk.  For physical save
  operations between disks, the output disk must be the  same  type of
  disk as the input  disk  or  a  larger-capacity disk.  For  physical
  restore  operations  between disks, the output disk must be the same
  type  of  device  as  the  disk from which the save set was created.
  For  all  physical  operations,  the output disk must not have a bad
  block  in any location that corresponds to a good block on the input
  disk. (This restriction does not apply to RA-series disks.)

/PROTECTION

 /PROTECTION[=(code)]

 Output save-set qualifier

  Defines  the  protection to be applied to a save set on a disk or to
  a magnetic tape volume. The code indicates the type of access  (read,
  write,  execute,  and  delete)  available  to the four categories of
  users (system, owner, group, and world).

  If the save set is written to either a Files-11 disk or a sequential
  disk, and the /PROTECTION qualifier is not specified, the default is
  the process default protection.

  Protection information applies to  all save sets stored on  a  tape.
  You must  specify  the  output  save-set  qualifier /REWIND when you
  specify the /PROTECTION qualifier for a tape. (If you do not specify
  /REWIND,  the  protection  information, if any, on the volume header
  record  is  not  changed.)  If  you  do  not specify the /PROTECTION
  qualifier  when  you  specify  the /REWIND qualifier, BACKUP applies
  no  protection  to  the  tape.   If  you specify   /PROTECTION,  any
  protection  categories  that  you  do  not  specify  default to your
  default process protection.

/RECORD

 /RECORD

 Command qualifier

  Records  the  current date and time in the BACKUP date field of each
  file  header record  once a file is successfully saved or copied. If
  /RECORD  is  not  specified, the BACKUP date field of each processed
  file remains unchanged.

  This command qualifier can be  used  only  with  Files-11  Structure
  Level  2  volumes.  To use the /RECORD qualifier you must either own
  the  file  or  have  SYSPRV  privileges.  You cannot use the /RECORD
  qualifier with the /DELETE qualifier.

/REPLACE

 /REPLACE

 Output file qualifier

  Allows a file to be replaced  when  an  identically  named  file  is
  encountered  during a restore or copy operation.  BACKUP deletes the
  existing version of the file and processes the  new  file  with  the
  same version number.

  By default, BACKUP does not process a file with the same file  name,
  file  type,  and  version  number as a file that already exists in a
  directory.  Rather, BACKUP issues an  error  message  and  does  not
  restore the file. The  /NEW_VERSION  and  /OVERLAY  qualifiers  also
  override  this default,  but  produce  different  results  than  the
  /REPLACE qualifier.

/REWIND

 /REWIND
 /NOREWIND (default)

  Input or output save-set qualifier

  As an input save set qualifier, causes the input  tape  reel  to  be
  rewound  (/REWIND)  or  not rewound (/NOREWIND) to beginning-of-tape
  (BOT) before BACKUP searches for the save-set name specified in  the
  input specifier.

  As an output save set qualifier, specifies that the output  magnetic
  tape  is  to  be  rewound  and initialized before the save operation
  begins  (/REWIND)  or  that  the  tape  is neither to be rewound nor
  initialized   before    the   save  operation   begins  (/NOREWIND).
  Initializing  the  tape  removes  access to any data that previously
  resided on the tape. If you want to start processing at the BOT, and
  the magnetic tape is already positioned beyond the BOT, you need  to
  specify  /REWIND.  Otherwise,  the magnetic tape begins (or resumes)
  processing from the logical end-of-tape (EOT) marker.

  Use the /[NO]REWIND qualifier for magnetic tape save sets only.

/SAVE_SET

 /SAVE_SET

 Input or output save-set qualifier

  Defines the  input  or  output  specifier  as  a  BACKUP  save  set.
  Normally,  BACKUP  treats  specifiers  that  refer to disk files  as
  Files-11  files  and  specifiers that refer to tapes  as BACKUP save
  sets.

  The /SAVE_SET qualifier must be specified when the input  or  output
  specifier is a BACKUP save set on a Files-11 disk.

/SELECT

 /SELECT=(file-spec[,...])

 Input save-set qualifier

  Selects the  specified  files for processing. If  you  specify  more
  than  one  file,  separate  the file  specifications with commas and
  enclose the list in parentheses.

  Do not use a device specification when  defining  the  files  to  be
  selected. You  can  use  most  standard wildcard characters, but you
  cannot use wildcard characters denoting latest versions of files (;)
  or relative versions of files (;-n).

/SINCE

 /SINCE=time

 Input file-selection qualifier

  Selects files dated equal to or later than the time specified.  The
  time  entered  can be either absolute time or delta  time.  Specify
  these  time  values according to the rules described in the VMS DCL
  Concepts  Manual.  You  can  also specify the time using one of the
  following options:

  BACKUP                 The date of the  last /RECORD  operation  on
                         that file

  TODAY                  The  current  day,  month,   and   year   at
                         00:00:00.0 o'clock

  TOMORROW               24 hours after midnight last night

  YESTERDAY              24 hours before midnight last night


/TAPE_EXPIRATION

 /TAPE_EXPIRATION=dd-mmm-yyyy

 Output save-set qualifier

  Writes the date  on  which the tape will expire to the volume header
  record. The output save-set qualifier /REWIND must be specified with
  the /TAPE_EXPIRATION qualifier.

  DIGITAL  recommends that you specify an expiration date whenever you
  create  a  BACKUP  save  set  on magnetic tape using /REWIND.  Daily
  BACKUP  tapes  should  expire  in  seven  days,  weekly BACKUP tapes
  should  expire  in one month, and monthly BACKUP tapes should expire
  in  one  year.   Specify the date in absolute time format, according
  to the rules described the the VMS DCL Concepts Manual.

  If you do not specify an expiration date, today's date is written to
  the  volume  header  record  when you perform a save operation using
  /REWIND.

/TRUNCATE

 /TRUNCATE
 /NOTRUNCATE (default)

 Command qualifier

  Controls whether a copy or restore  operation  truncates  an  output
  file  at  the  end-of-file  when creating it.  By default, a copy or
  restore operation uses the allocation of the input file to determine
  the size of the output file.

/VERIFY

 /VERIFY

 Command qualifier

  Specifies that the contents of the output specifier be compared with
  the  contents  of the input specifier after a save, restore, or copy
  operation is completed.  If a file does not compare successfully, an
  error message reporting this fact is displayed.

/VOLUME

 /VOLUME=n

 Command qualifier

  Indicates that a specific disk volume in a disk volume set is to  be
  processed.   The  /VOLUME qualifier is only valid when used with the
  /IMAGE qualifier.  Using this qualifier allows you to perform BACKUP
  operations  on  a  disk volume set when you have only one disk drive
  with which to perform BACKUP operations.

Examples

  1.   $ BACKUP
       _FROM: DBA1:[*...]
       _TO:   MTA0:13NOVBAK.BCK,MTA1:/LABEL=(DLY101,DLY102)

  This  BACKUP  command  saves  the  entire  contents of the disk DBA1
  onto  a  multireel  tape  save set. This command does not initialize
  the  first  tape  in  the  save  set, but does initialize subsequent
  tapes.  The  first  tape  in  the  save  set  must contain the label
  DLY101 in its volume header  record; the second tape in the save set
  must contain the label DLY102 in its volume header record.

  2. $ BACKUP [PLI.WORK]/SINCE=YESTERDAY/MODIFIED [PLI.SAV]

  This  BACKUP  command  copies  selected  files  in   the   directory
  [PLI.WORK]  to  the directory [PLI.SAV].  Only those files that have
  been  modified  since  24  hours  preceding  midnight last night are
  processed.   Note  that  the /MODIFIED qualifier is not required, as
  its action is the default when the /SINCE qualifier is specified.

  3. $ BACKUP DBA2:[PLI.WORK]*.*;  DBA3:[SAVE]23MAR82.BCK/SAVE_SET

  This BACKUP command saves  the  highest  version  of  each  file  in
  directory  [PLI.WORK] in  a  disk  save  set  on DBA3. The /SAVE_SET
  qualifier is required because the output save set is on  a  Files-11
  medium.

  4. $ BACKUP/PHYSICAL DYA0:  DYA1:

  This BACKUP command copies the entire RX02 floppy  disk  mounted  on
  device  DYA0  to  the RX02 floppy disk mounted on device DYA1.  Both
  devices must have been mounted with the DCL command MOUNT/FOREIGN.

  5. $ BACKUP
       _From: DB1:[SCHED]*.*
       _To:   DENVER::DBA2:[SAVE]SCH.BCK/SAVE_SET

  This BACKUP command saves all files in the directory SCHED  on  disk
  DB1 at the local node to the network save set SCH.BCK at remote node
  DENVER.  The /SAVE_SET qualifier is required to identify the  output
  specifier as a save set on a Files-11 disk.

  6. $ BACKUP/LIST DENVER::DBA2:[SAVE]SCH.BCK/SAVE_SET

  This BACKUP  command  lists  the  BACKUP  summary  information,  the
  original  BACKUP command used, and the file name, size, and creation
  date for each file in the save set created in the previous  example.
  The  /SAVE_SET qualifier is required to identify the input specifier
  as a save set on a Files-11 device.

  7. $ BACKUP/BUFFER_COUNT=4/IMAGE DBA0: MUA0:SAVE.BCK/LABEL=MON101

  This command performs an image save operation using a pool  of  four
  I/O  buffers  to  a  magnetic  tape  cartridge  labeled  MON101 on a
  streaming tape drive.

  8. $ BACKUP MTA0:NOV2SAVE.BCK/REWIND [*...]

  This  command  restores  all  file in a magnetic-tape save set named
  NOV2SAVE.BCK  to the directory tree from which they were saved.  The
  /REWIND  qualifier  directs  BACKUP   to  rewind  the  tape  to  the
  beginning-of-tape before beginning the restore operation.

Typewritten Software • bear@typewritten.org • Edmonds, WA 98026