Invokes the Backup Utility (BACKUP) to perform one of the  following
  BACKUP operations:

  o  Make copies of disk files.

  o  Save disk files as data in a file created by BACKUP  on  disk  or
     magnetic tape.  (Files created by BACKUP are called save sets.)

  o  Restore disk files from a BACKUP save set.

  o  Compare disk files or files in a BACKUP save set with other  disk
     files.

  o  List information about files in a BACKUP save set  to  an  output
     device or file.

  Note that stand-alone BACKUP cannot be invoked this way, but must be
  bootstrapped in order to run.

  For  a  complete  description  of  the  Backup  Utility,   including
  information  about the BACKUP command and its qualifiers, as well as
  using stand-alone BACKUP, see the VAX/VMS Backup  Utility  Reference
  Manual.

  Format:


    BACKUP  input-specifier output-specifier

Additional information available:

ParametersQualifiersExamples

 input-specifier

  Specifies the input source for  the  BACKUP  operation.   The  input
  specifier  is  either  a  VAX/VMS  file  specification  or  a BACKUP
  save-set specifier in the format:
       ddcu:save-set-name

  In this format, save-set-name is a  VAX/VMS  file  name,  type,  and
  version number.

  DECnet-VAX node names are not allowed in a  Files-11  specification,
  but are allowed in a save-set specifier.

 output-specifier

  Specifies the output source for the BACKUP  operation.   The  output
  specifier  (like  the  input specifier) can be either a VAX/VMS file
  specification or a BACKUP save-set specifier.  DECnet-VAX node names
  are allowed only in a save-set specifier.

  Wild card characters are allowed when  the  output  specifier  is  a
  Files-11  volume, but are not allowed when the output specifier is a
  BACKUP save-set specifier or a volume created by  a  BACKUP/PHYSICAL
  or  BACKUP/IMAGE  operation.   There are restrictions on output wild
  card character usage; refer to the BACKUP command description  below
  for details.

Additional information available:

/BACKUP/BEFORE/BLOCK_SIZE/BRIEF/BUFFER_COUNT
/COMMENT/COMPARE/CONFIRM/CRC/CREATED/DELETE
/DENSITY/EXCLUDE/EXPIRED/FAST/FULL/GROUP_SIZE
/IGNORE/IMAGE/INCREMENTAL/INITIALIZE/INTERCHANGE
/JOURNAL/LABEL/LIST/LOG/MODIFIED/NEW_VERSION
/OVERLAY/OWNER_UIC/PHYSICAL/PROTECTION/RECORD
/REPLACE/REWIND/SAVE_SET/SELECT/SINCE/TRUNCATE
/VERIFY/VOLUME

 /BACKUP

 Input file qualifier.

  Selects files based on the system time recorded in the  backup  date
  field  of each file's header record.  The /BACKUP qualifier is valid
  only when used with the /BEFORE or /SINCE qualifier.

  Use  the  /BACKUP  file  selection  qualifier  only  with   Files-11
  Structure  Level  2  volumes.   Do  not  use /BACKUP with either the
  /CREATED, /MODIFIED, or  /EXPIRED  file  selection  qualifier:   the
  functions  of  /BACKUP  and  any  of  these  qualifiers are mutually
  exclusive.

 /BEFORE=time

 Input file qualifier.

  Selects only those files dated earlier than the time specified.  The
  time  entered  can  be  either delta time or absolute time.  Specify
  these time values according to the rules for  entering  time  values
  discussed  in  the VAX/VMS DCL Dictionary.  You can also specify the
  time using one of the following options:

  BACKUP            The date of the last  /RECORD  operation  on  that
                      file

  TODAY             The current day, month,  and  year  at  00:00:00.0
                      o'clock

  TOMORROW          24 hours after 00:00:00.0 o'clock today

  YESTERDAY         24 hours before 00:00:00.0 o'clock today

 /BLOCK_SIZE=n

 Output save set qualifier.

  Defines the block size, in bytes, for data records in a BACKUP  save
  set.  The acceptable range for n is 2048 through 65,534.

  If you do not specify this qualifier, the default blocking size  for
  a  disk save set is 32,528 bytes; for a magnetic tape save set, 8464
  bytes.

 /BRIEF

 Causes the /LIST command qualifier to list the file  name,  size  (in
  blocks),  and  creation date for each file.  The /BRIEF qualifier is
  the default action for output produced by the /LIST qualifier.

  The /BRIEF qualifier is ignored unless the /LIST  command  qualifier
  is specified.

 /BUFFER_COUNT=n

  Specifies the number of I/O buffers to be used in the operation. The
  maximum  valid  buffer  count  is 5.  /BUFFER_COUNT=3 is the default
  value.  A buffer count that is larger than  the  default  value  may
  improve  performance when you are working with streaming tape drives
  such as the TU80.

 /COMMENT=string

 Output save set qualifier.

  Causes the string supplied to be put into the BACKUP summary  record
  of  the  output  save  set.   Enclose  the string in quotation marks
  ("string")  if  the  string  contains  a  space  or  nonalphanumeric
  characters.

 /COMPARE

  Causes the contents of the input specifier to be compared  with  the
  contents  of  the  output  specifier.   The input specifier can be a
  BACKUP save set or a disk volume.  The output specifier  must  be  a
  disk  volume.   Unless you also specify the /PHYSICAL qualifier, the
  disk volume must be a Files-11 volume.

  You can use the /COMPARE qualifier to compare the  contents  of  two
  Files-11 disks or a save set and files on disk.

 /CONFIRM

 Input file qualifier.

  Causes a prompt to be issued to  SYS$COMMAND  before  each  file  is
  processed.  To have the file processed, you must reply by typing a Y
  and pressing the RETURN key.  All other replies result in the file's
  being skipped.

 /CRC (default)
 /NOCRC

  Input and output save set qualifier.

  As  an  input  save  set  qualifier,  causes  the  software   cyclic
  redundancy  check  (CRC) encoded in the save set's data blocks to be
  checked (/CRC) or ignored (/NOCRC).  If you ignore the CRC encoding,
  you reduce processing time at the risk of increasing data error.

  As an  output  save  set  qualifier,  specifies  that  software  CRC
  checking code is to be computed and stored in the data blocks of the
  output save set.  To disable CRC checking, use the /NOCRC qualifier.

 /CREATED

 Input file qualifier.

  Causes each file to be selected according to the value of  the  file
  creation date field in its file header.

  Use this qualifier with the /BEFORE or /SINCE qualifier,  either  of
  which  provides  the  system  time value used to determine whether a
  file is processed.

 /DELETE

  Specifies that a BACKUP save operation is  to  delete  the  selected
  files   after   the   save  set  has  been  successfully  processed.
  Sufficient user privilege is required to delete files.

 /DENSITY=n

 Output save set qualifier.

  Specifies the density at which a magnetic tape save set is recorded.
  Use a value that is supported by the magnetic tape drive.

  If you do not specify the /DENSITY qualifier, the default density is
  the current density of the magnetic tape drive.

 /EXCLUDE=(file-spec[,...])

 Input file qualifier.

  Causes files that  otherwise  meet  the  selection  criteria  to  be
  excluded  from  selection.   If  you  specify  more  than  one  file
  specification,  separate  the  file  specifications  by  commas  and
  enclose the list in parentheses.

  Do not use a device specification when  defining  the  files  to  be
  excluded.  Wildcard characters are supported for file spcifications.
  However, you cannot  use  relative  version  numbers  to  exclude  a
  specific version.

 /EXPIRED

 Input file qualifier.

  Causes each file to be selected according to the value of  the  file
  expiration date field in its file header.

  Use this qualifier with the /BEFORE or /SINCE qualifier,  either  of
  which  provides  the  system  time value used to determine whether a
  file is processed.

 /FAST

 Causes the BACKUP operation to process an input Files-11 medium using
  a  fast  file  scan.  A fast file scan is most useful when the input
  specifier includes most of the files on the volume.

  To perform a fast file scan, you need write access to the INDEXF.SYS
  file on the input medium.

 /FULL

 Causes file information produced by the /LIST command qualifier to be
  written  in  the  format provided by the DCL command DIRECTORY/FULL.
  If /FULL is not specified, the default action of the  /LIST  command
  is the action supplied by the /BRIEF qualifier.

  The /FULL command qualifier is  ignored  unless  the  /LIST  command
  qualifier is specified.

 /GROUP_SIZE=n

 Output save set qualifier.

  Defines the number of blocks BACKUP places in each redundancy group.
  The value of n must be from 0 through 100.

  If you define a value of 0 for /GROUP_SIZE, no redundancy groups are
  created for the save set.  /GROUP_SIZE=10 is the default value.

 /IGNORE=option

 Requires SYSPRV privilege to specify the INTERLOCK option.

  Specifies that a BACKUP  save  or  copy  operation  is  to  override
  restrictions placed on files.  The options are:

  INTERLOCK    Processes files that otherwise could not  be  processed
                 due  to  file  access  conflicts.  This option can be
                 used to save or copy files that  are  currently  open
                 for  writing.   Use  of the INTERLOCK option requires
                 the user privilege SYSPRV, a system UIC, or ownership
                 of the volume.

  NOBACKUP     Saves or copies the contents of files that  are  marked
                 with  the NOBACKUP flag by the /NOBACKUP qualifier to
                 the DCL command SET FILE.  If this qualifier  is  not
                 used,   files  marked  with  the  NOBACKUP  flag  are
                 processed,  saving  all  information   necessary   to
                 recreate  the file, except the actual contents of the
                 file.

 /IMAGE

  Directs BACKUP to process an entire volume or  volume set,  allowing
  you to produce a functionally equivalent copy of the original volume
  or volume set.  To use the /IMAGE command qualifier, you need  write
  access  to  both  the  index  file (INDEXF.SYS) and the bit map file
  (BITMAP.SYS).

  In save and copy operations you  cannot  use  other  file  selection
  qualifiers  with  the  /IMAGE  command  qualifier.  All files on the
  input disk volumes are saved or copied.

  In restore and copy operations, every file is  restored  or  copied.
  The output volume must be mounted using the /FOREIGN qualifier.  The
  new volume is a functionally equivalent copy of  the  input  volume;
  however, the file placement will change.

 /INCREMENTAL

 Allows you to restore a disk volume from a series of incremental save
  sets.  When processed correctly, the output disk volume will contain
  the same files it contained when the most recent incremental  backup
  was  performed.   Files that were deleted in the period in which the
  incremental backups were performed are not  created  on  the  output
  disk  volume.   The  /INCREMENTAL qualifier is valid only in restore
  operations.  The output specifier must specify a device  only;  file
  specifications  are not allowed.  When the /INCREMENTAL qualifier is
  used, /OWNER_UIC=ORIGINAL is assumed.

 /INITIALIZE
 /NOINITIALIZE (default)

  Initializes an output disk volume.  This  qualifier  is  only  valid
  when  used  with the /IMAGE qualifier on restore or copy operations,
  or when writing to a sequential-disk save set.

 /INTERCHANGE

  Directs BACKUP to  process files  in  a  manner  suitable  for  data
  interchange   (software   distribution).    The   effects   of   the
  /INTERCHANGE qualifier are as follows:

  o  Directories not selected as files are not copied.

  o  Access control lists are not copied.

  o  Block size on magnetic tape is limited to 8192 bytes.

  o  Normal error recovery is used to write  magnetic  tapes  so  that
     there are no bad records on the resulting magnetic tape.

 /JOURNAL[=file-spec]

  Specifies that a BACKUP save  operation  is  to  create,  or  append
  information  to,  a  backup  journal  file.  The backup journal file
  contains a record of backup operations and saved files.

  The /JOURNAL qualifier can also be used with the /LIST qualifier  to
  list  the contents of the backup journal file.  You must not specify
  an input or output specifier with a BACKUP/JOURNAL/LIST command.

 /LABEL=(string[,...])

 Output save set qualifier.

  Specifies the volume label  for  a  save  set  written  on  tape  or
  sequential  disk.  For save sets written on tape, the string must be
  from 1 through 6 alphanumeric characters.  For save sets written  on
  sequential  disk  volumes,  the  string  must  be  from 1 through 12
  alphanumeric characters.

  If you do not specify the /LABEL qualifier, the label  will  be  the
  save-set  name.  In a multivolume save set, the volume-set name will
  be the label string (specified with the /LABEL qualifier or  derived
  from the save-set name).

  If you specify a list of labels, BACKUP will label save-set volume n
  with  label  n  in  the  list  of  labels.  If the list of labels is
  shorter than the number of volumes in  the  save  set,  BACKUP  will
  generate  labels  for the remaining volumes using the first label in
  the list followed by a two-digit relative volume number.

 /LIST[=file-spec]

 Causes information about the files in a save set to be written to the
  named  output  file.   You can use this qualifier with any operation
  (save, restore, copy, or compare).  The input specifier  must  be  a
  save  set,  and  no  output  specifier can be specified.  Either the
  /BRIEF or the /FULL command qualifier may be used  with  /LIST.   If
  neither  is  specified,  the  default  is  the  action [Aprovided by
  /BRIEF.  If no output file  is  specified,  the  default  output  is
  SYS$OUTPUT.

  Do not use /LOG together with /LIST when the  output  for  /LIST  is
  directed to SYS$COMMAND; you will receive confusing output.

 /LOG
 /NOLOG (default)

  Causes the file specification of each file processed to be displayed
  (/LOG) or not displayed (/NOLOG) at SYS$OUTPUT during the operation.
  The default is /NOLOG.

 /MODIFIED

 Input file qualifier.

  Causes each file to be  selected  according  to  the  value  of  the
  date-last-modified field in its file header.

  Use this qualifier with the /BEFORE or /SINCE qualifier,  either  of
  which  provides  the  system  time value used to determine whether a
  file is processed.

 /NEW_VERSION

 Output file qualifier.

  Allows identically named files to be restored, but sets the  version
  number to the highest existing number plus one.

  By default, BACKUP does not restore a file with the same file  name,
  file  type,  and  version  number as a file that already exists in a
  directory.  Rather, BACKUP issues an  error  message  and  does  not
  restore the file.

  Using the /NEW_VERSION qualifier is one way to override this default
  condition.   Using the /OVERLAY or /REPLACE qualifier also overrides
  the default, but produces different results.

 /OVERLAY

 Output file qualifier.

  Writes over an existing file  when  an  identically  named  file  is
  encountered  during the restore operation.  If the identically named
  files are not the same size, the existing file is extended (when the
  file  being  restored is larger) or retains its allocation (when the
  file being restored is smaller).

  By default, BACKUP does not restore a file with the same file  name,
  file  type,  and  version  number as a file that already exists in a
  directory.  Rather, BACKUP issues an  error  message  and  does  not
  restore the file.

  Using the /OVERLAY qualifier is one  way  to  override  the  default
  condition.   Using  the  /NEW_VERSION  or  /REPLACE  qualifier  also
  overrides the default, but produces different results.

 /OWNER_UIC[=[uic]

 Requires SYSPRV privilege or ownership of the UIC to specify with  an
  output file or save set.

  Input or output file qualifier; output save set qualifier.

  As an input file qualifier, causes files owned by the specified  UIC
  to  be  processed.  A UIC must be specified as octal numbers, in the
  form [g,m].  Note that the brackets are required.  Specify  the  UIC
  using  standard  UIC  format  as  described  in Section 7.1.1 of the
  VAX/VMS DCL Concepts Manual.

  If this qualifier is specified without a UIC, the default UIC is the
  current  process  UIC.  If this qualifier is not specified, all UICs
  on the volume are processed.

  As an output file qualifier, causes a redefinition of the owner  UIC
  for  each  file restored during the operation.  One of the following
  options can be selected:

  DEFAULT           Sets the owner UIC to the  user's  current default
                    UIC.  This option is the default if the /OWNER_UIC
                    qualifier is not specified.

  ORIGINAL          Retains the owner UIC of the file being  restored.
                    This  option  is  the  default  if  the /OWNER_UIC
                    qualifier is specified, but no option is selected.
                    To  use this option, the UIC must be yours, or you
                    must have the SYSPRV user privilege, or  you  must
                    be the owner of the output volume.

  PARENT          Sets the owner UIC to the owner UIC of the directory
                    to  which the file is being restored.  To use this
                    option, the parent UIC must be yours, or you  must
                    have the SYSPRV user privilege, or you must be the
                    owner of the output volume.

  [uic]             Sets the owner UIC to the UIC  specified.  Specify
                    the  UIC using standard UIC format as described in
                    Section 7.1.1 of the VAX/VMS DCL Concepts  Manual.
                    To  use this option, the UIC must be yours, or you
                    must have the SYSPRV user privilege, or  you  must
                    be the owner of the output volume.

  As an output save set qualifier, specifies the owner UIC of the save
  set.  If the /OWNER_UIC qualifier is omitted, the UIC of the current
  process is used.  The format of the UIC is shown in the  description
  of the /OWNER_UIC input file selection qualifier.

  Specify the UIC using standard UIC format as  described  in  Section
  7.1.1 of the VAX/VMS DCL Concepts Manual.

 /PHYSICAL

  Specifies that the BACKUP operation ignore any file structure on the
  volume.   BACKUP  saves,  restores,  copies,  or compares the entire
  volume in terms of physical blocks.

  An output disk must not have a bad block in any location  where  the
  input  disk does not have a bad block.  Also, an output disk must be
  the same type of device as the input disk.   For  example,  an  RP05
  volume  cannot  be  saved to an RP06 when the /PHYSICAL qualifier is
  specified.

  A save set written as the result of a  BACKUP/PHYSICAL  command  can
  only be read by using a BACKUP/PHYSICAL command.

 /PROTECTION[=(code)]

 Output save set qualifier.

  Defines the protection to be applied to  the  save  set.   The  code
  indicates  the  type  of  access  (read, write, execute, and delete)
  available to the four categories of users (system, owner, group, and
  world).  For more information on specifying the protection code, see
  the VAX/VMS System Manager's Reference Manual.

  If the save set is written to either a Files-11 disk or a sequential
  disk, and the /PROTECTION qualifier is not specified, the default is
  the process default protection.

  If the save set is written to tape and the /PROTECTION qualifier  is
  not  specified,  no  protection  is  given  to  the  tape.   If  the
  /PROTECTION qualifier is specified without specifying  a  code,  the
  default is the process default protection.

  Any protection  categories  not  specified  are  defaulted  to  your
  process default protection.

 /RECORD

 Requires ownership of the file or SYSPRV privilege.

  Specifies, for a save or copy operation,  that  the  current  system
  time  is  to be recorded in the backup date field of the file header
  of each  file  successfully  processed  during  the  operation.   If
  /RECORD  is  not  specified, the backup date field of each processed
  file remains unchanged.

  This command qualifier can be  used  only  with  Files-11  Structure
  Level 2 volumes.  To use the /RECORD qualifier you must own the file
  or have SYSPRV privileges.

 /REPLACE

 Output file qualifier.

  Allows a file to be replaced  when  an  identically  named  file  is
  encountered  during a restore or copy operation.  BACKUP deletes the
  existing version of the file and processes the  new  file  with  the
  same version number.

  By default, BACKUP does not process a file with the same file  name,
  file  type,  and  version  number as a file that already exists in a
  directory.  Rather, BACKUP issues an  error  message  and  does  not
  restore the file.

  Using the /REPLACE qualifier is one way  to  override  this  default
  condition.   Using  the  /NEW_VERSION  or  /OVERLAY  qualifier  also
  overrides the default, but produces different results.

 /REWIND
 /NOREWIND (default)

  Input and output save set qualifier.

  As an input save set qualifier, causes the input  tape  reel  to  be
  rewound  (/REWIND)  or  not rewound (/NOREWIND) to beginning-of-tape
  (BOT) before BACKUP searches for the save-set name specified in  the
  input specifier.

  As an output save set qualifier, specifies that the output  magnetic
  tape  is to be rewound before the save operation begins (/REWIND) or
  that the tape is not to be rewound before the save operation  begins
  (/NOREWIND).

  If you want to start processing at the BOT, and the magnetic tape is
  already  positioned  beyond  the BOT, you need to specify the output
  qualifier /REWIND.  Otherwise, the magnetic tape begins (or resumes)
  processing from its current position.

  Use the /[NO]REWIND qualifier for magnetic tape save sets only .

 /SAVE_SET

 Input and output save set qualifier.

  Defines the  input  or  output  specifier  as  a  BACKUP  save  set.
  Normally, BACKUP treats specifiers that refer to disks as a Files-11
  medium and specifiers that refer to tapes as a BACKUP save set.

  The /SAVE_SET qualifier must be specified when the input  or  output
  specifier is a BACKUP save set on a Files-11 medium.

 /SELECT=(file-spec[,...])

 Input save set qualifier.

  Causes only those files specified to be processed.  If  you  specify
  more  than  one file specification, separate the file specifications
  by commas and enclose the list in parentheses.

  Do not use a device specification when  defining  the  files  to  be
  selected.  Standard VAX/VMS wildcard characters are allowed.

 /SINCE=time

 Input file qualifier.

  Selects only those files dated equal  to  or  later  than  the  time
  specified.   The  time  entered can be either absolute time or delta
  time.  Specify these time values according to the rules for entering
  time  values  discussed in the VAX/VMS DCL Dictionary.  You can also
  specify the time using one of the following options:

  BACKUP                 The date of the  last  /RECORD  operation  on
                         that file

  TODAY                  The  current  day,   month,   and   year   at
                         00:00:00.0 o'clock

  TOMORROW               24 hours after 00:00:00.0 o'clock today

  YESTERDAY              24 hours before 00:00:00.0 o'clock today

 /TRUNCATE
 /NOTRUNCATE (default)

  Controls whether a copy or restore  operation  truncates  an  output
  file  at  the  end-of-file  when creating it.  By default, a copy or
  restore operation uses the allocation of the input file to determine
  the size of the output file.

 /VERIFY

 Specifies that the contents of the output specifier be compared  with
  the  contents  of the input specifier after a save, restore, or copy
  operation is completed.  If a file does not compare successfully, an
  error message reporting this fact is produced.

 /VOLUME=n

 Indicates that a specific disk volume in a disk volume set is  to  be
  processed.   The  /VOLUME qualifier is only valid when used with the
  /IMAGE qualifier.  Using this qualifier allows you to perform BACKUP
  operations  on  a  disk volume set when you have only one additional
  disk drive.

  1.   $ BACKUP/FAST DBA1:[*...] MTA0:13NOVBAK.BCK,MTA1:

  This BACKUP command saves the entire contents of the disk DBA1  onto
  a  multireel  tape  save set.  The tapes must have been mounted with
  the DCL command MOUNT/FOREIGN.  Note that the tapes are processed in
  rotational  order:   the  first  reel  mounted on device MTA0 is the
  first tape reel in the save set.  The /FAST  qualifier  is  used  to
  reduce processing time.

  2. $ BACKUP [PLI.WORK]/SINCE=YESTERDAY/MODIFIED [PLI.SAV]

  This  BACKUP  command  copies  selected  files  in   the   directory
  [PLI.WORK]  to  the directory [PLI.SAV].  Only those files that have
  been modified since 24 hours preceding 00:00:00.0 o'clock today  are
  processed.   Note  that  the /MODIFIED qualifier is not required, as
  its action is the default when the /SINCE qualifier is specified.

  3. $ BACKUP DBA2:[PLI.WORK]*.*;  [SAVE]23MAR82.BCK/SAVE_SET

  This BACKUP command saves  the  highest  version  of  each  file  in
  directory  [PLI.WORK]  in  a  disk BACKUP save set on SYS$DISK.  The
  /SAVE_SET qualifier is required because the output save set is on  a
  Files-11 medium.

  4. $ BACKUP/PHYSICAL DYA0:  DYA1:

  This BACKUP command copies the entire RX02 floppy  disk  mounted  on
  device  DYA0  to  the RX02 floppy disk mounted on device DYA1.  Both
  devices must have been mounted with the DCL command MOUNT/FOREIGN.

  5. $ BACKUP
       _From: DB1:[SCHED]*.*
       _To:   DENVER::DBA2:[SAVE]SCH.BCK/SAVE_SET

  This BACKUP command saves the files in the directory SCHED  on  disk
  DB1  at the local node to the backup save set SCH.BCK at remote node
  DENVER.  The /SAVE_SET qualifier is required to identify the  output
  specifier as a save set on a Files-11 device.

  6. $ BACKUP/LIST DENVER::DBA2:[SAVE]SCH.BCK/SAVE_SET

  This BACKUP  command  lists  the  backup  summary  information,  the
  original  BACKUP command used, and the file name, size, and creation
  date for each file in the save set created in the previous  example.
  The  /SAVE_SET qualifier is required to identify the input specifier
  as a save set on a Files-11 device.

  7. $ BACKUP/BUFFER_COUNT=4/IMAGE DBA0: MTA0:SAVE.BCK

  This command performs an image save operation using a pool  of  four
  buffers.