od(1)
Name
od − create file octal dump
Syntax
od [options] [file] [offset] [label]
Description
The od command displays file, or its standard input, in one or more dump formats as selected by the first argument. If the first argument is missing, −o is the default. Dumping continues until end-of-file.
Options
−a[p|P]
Interprets bytes as characters and display them with their ACSII names. If the p character is given also, then bytes with even parity are underlined. The P character causes bytes with odd parity to be underlined. Otherwise the parity bit is ignored.
−bDisplays bytes as unsigned octal.
−cDisplays bytes as ASCII characters. Certain non-graphic characters appear as C escapes: null=\0, backspace=\b, formfeed=\f, newline=\n, return=\r, tab=\t; others appear as 3-digit octal numbers. Bytes with the parity bit set are displayed in octal.
−dDisplays short words as unsigned decimal.
−fDisplays long words as floating point.
−hDisplays short words as unsigned hexadecimal.
−iDisplays short words as signed decimal.
−lDisplays long words as signed decimal.
−oDisplays short words as unsigned octal.
−s[n]Looks for strings of ASCII characters of n minimum length. By default, the minimum length is 3 characters.
−vDisplays all data and indicates lines identical to the last line shown with an * in column 1.
−w[n]Specifies the number of input bytes to be interpreted and displayed on each output line. If w is not specified, 16 bytes are read for each display line. If n is not specified, it defaults to 32.
−xDisplays short words as hexadecimal.
An upper case format character implies the long or double precision form of the object.
The offset argument specifies the byte offset into the file where dumping is to commence. By default this argument is interpreted in octal. A different radix can be specified; If “.” is appended to the argument, then offset is interpreted in decimal. If offset begins with “x” or “0x”, it is interpreted in hexadecimal. If “b” (“B”) is appended, the offset is interpreted as a block count, where a block is 512 (1024) bytes. If the file argument is omitted, an offset argument must be preceded by “+”.
The radix of the displayed address is the same as the radix of the offset, if specified; otherwise it is octal.
The label is interpreted as a pseudo-address for the first byte displayed. It is shown in “()” following the file offset. It is intended to be used with core images to indicate the real memory address. The syntax for label is identical to that for offset.
Restrictions
A file name argument can’t start with “+”. A hexadecimal offset can’t be a block count. Only one file name argument can be given.
It is an historical botch to require specification of object, radix, and sign representation in a single character argument.