sin(3) — Subroutines

NAME

sin, sind, cos, cosd, tan, tand, cot, cotd, asin, asind, acos, acosd, atan, atand, atan2, atand2 − Trigonometric and inverse trigonometric functions in radian and degree calculations.

SYNOPSIS

#include <math.h>
double sin(
        double x ); float sinf(
        float x ); long double sinl(
        long double x ); double sind(
        double x ); float sindf(
        float x ); long double sindl(
        long double x,
        float x ); double cos(
        double x ); float cosf(
        float x ); long double cosl(
        long double x ); double cosd(
        double x ); float cosdf(
        float x ); long double cosdl(
        long double x ); double tan(
        double x ); float tanf(
        float x ); long double tanl(
        long double x ); double tand(
        double x ); float tandf(
        float x ); long double tandl(
        long double x ); double cot(
        double x ); float cotf(
        float x ); long double cotl(
        long double x ); double cotd(
        double x ); float cotdf(
        float x ); long double cotdl(
        long double x ); double asin(
        double x ); float asinf(
        float x ); long double asinl(
        long double x ); double asind(
        double x ); float asindf(
        float x ); long double asindl(
        long double x ); double acos(
        double x ); float acosf(
        float x ); long double acosl(
        long double x ); double acosd(
        double x ); float acosdf(
        float x ); long double acosdl(
        long double x ); double atan(
        double x ); float atanf(
        float x ); long double atanl(
        long double x ); double atand(
        double x ); float atandf(
        float x ); long double atandl(
        long double x ); double atan2(
        double y,
        double x ); float atan2f(
        float y,
        float x ); long double atan2l(
        long double y,
        long double x ); double atand2(
        double y,
        double x ); float atand2f(
        float y,
        float x ); long double atand2l(
        long double y,
        long double x );

LIBRARY

Math Library (libm)

STANDARDS

Interfaces documented on this reference page conform to industry standards as follows:

acos(): XPG4

asin(): XPG4

atan(): XPG4

atan2(): XPG4

cos(): XPG4

sin(): XPG4

tan(): XPG4

Refer to the standards(5) reference page for more information about industry standards and associated tags.

DESCRIPTION

The sin(), sinf(), and sinl() functions compute the sine of x, measured in radians.

The sind(), sindf(), and sindl() functions compute the sine of x, measured in degrees.

The cos(), cosf(), and cosl() functions compute the cosine of x, measured in radians.

The cosd(), cosdf(), and cosdl() functions compute the cosine of x, measured in degrees.

The tan(), tanf(), and tanl() functions compute the tangent of x, measured in radians.

The tand(), tandf(), and tandl() functions compute the tangent of x, measured in degrees.

The cot(), cotf(), and cotl() functions compute the cotangent of x, measured in radians.

The cotd(), cotdf(), and cotdl() functions compute the cotangent of x, measured in degrees.

The asin(), asinf(), and asinl() functions compute the principal value of the arc sine of x in the interval [−pi/2,pi/2] radians. The value of x must be in the domain [−1,1].

The asind(), asindf(), and asindl() functions compute the principal value of the arc sine of x in the interval [−90,90] degrees. The value of x must be in the domain [−1,1].

The acos(), acosf(), and acosl() functions compute the principal value of the arc cosine of x in the interval [0,pi] radians. The value of x must be in the domain [−1,1].

The acosd(), acosdf(), and acosdl() functions compute the principal value of the arc cosine of x in the interval [0,180] degrees. The value of x must be in the domain [−1,1].

The atan(), atanf(), and atanl() functions compute the principal value of the arc tangent of x in the interval [−pi/2,pi/2] radians.

The atand(), atandf(), and atandl() functions compute the principal value of the arc tangent of x in the interval [−90,90] degrees.

The atan2(), atan2f(), and atan2l() functions compute the principal value of the arc tangent of y/x, in the interval [−pi,pi] radians. The sign of atan2 and atan2f is determined by the sign of y. The value of atan2(y,x) is computed as follows where f is the number of fraction bits associated with the data type.

Value of Input Arguments	Angle Returned
x = 0 or y/x > 2∗∗(f+1)	pi/2 ∗ (sign y)
x > 0 and y/x <= 2∗∗(f+1)	atan(y/x)
x < 0 and y/x <= 2∗∗(f+1)	pi ∗ (sign y) + atan(y/x)

The atand2(), atand2f(), and atand2l() functions compute the principal value of the arc tangent of y/x in the interval [−180,180] degrees. The sign of atand2() and atand2f() is determined by the sign of y.

The following table describes function behavior in response to exceptional arguments:

Function	Exceptional Argument	Routine Behavior
sin(), sinf(), sinl()	\|x\| = infinity	Invalid argument
sind(), sindf(), sindl()	\|x\| = infinity	Invalid argument
sind(), sindf(), sindl()	\|x\| < (180/pi) ∗ min_float	Underflow
cos(), cosf(), cosl()	\|x\| = infinity	Invalid argument
cosd(), cosdf(), cosdl()	\|x\| = infinity	Invalid argument
tan(), tanf(), tanl()	\|x\| = infinity	Invalid argument
tand(), tandf(), tandl()	\|x\| = infinity	Invalid argument
tand(), tandf(), tandl()	\|x\| < (180/pi) ∗ min_float	Underflow
tand(), tandf(), tandl()	x = (2n+1) ∗ 90	Overflow
cot(), cotf(), cotl()	x = 0	Overflow
cotd(), cotdf(), cotdl()	\|x\| = multiples of 180 degrees	Overflow
asin(), asinf(), asinl()	\|x\| > 1	Invalid argument
asind(), asindf(), asindl()	\|x\| > 1	Invalid argument
acos(), acosf(), acosl()	\|x\| > 1	Invalid argument
acosd(), acosdf(), acosdl()	\|x\| > 1	Invalid argument
atan2(), atan2f(), atan2l()	x = y = 0	Invalid argument
atan2(), atan2f(), atan2l()	\|x\| = \|y\| = infinity	Invalid argument
atand2(), atand2f(), atand2l()	x = y = 0	Invalid argument
atand2(), atand2f(), atand2l()	\|x\| = \|y\| = infinity	Invalid argument

The following table lists boundary values used by these functions: