FS(8)
NAME
fs, exsort − file server maintenance
SYNOPSIS
help [ command ... ]
arp subcommand
auth [on] [system|file]
cfs filesystem
check [options]
clri [file...]
cpu [proc]
create path uid gid perm [lad]
cwcmd subcommand
cycl subcommand
date [[+-] seconds]
dump
flag flag [ channel ]
halt
netdb [file]
newuser name [options]
passwd
profile [01]
remove [files...]
search [blockno [nblock [bw]]]
stat[acejklw]
statp [proc]
stats [[-] flags...]
sync
time command
trace [number]
users [file]
version
who [user...]
wormcp [ funit tunit [nblock]]
disk/exsort [-w] [file]
DESCRIPTION
Except for exsort, these commands are available only on the console of an fs(4) file server.
Help prints a ‘usage string’ for the named commands, by default all commands. Also, many commands print menus of their options if given incorrect or incomplete parameters.
The console requires the machine’s password to be supplied before accepting commands. Typing a control-D will cause the server to request the password again.
Arp has two subcommands: print prints the contents of the ARP cache and flush flushes it.
Auth starts authentication. It reads authentication keys from file (default /adm/keys). If file is of the form il!IP.address it is taken to be a system from which to authenticate using IL, rather than reading its own keys file. The address must be a numeric IP address and only IL is supported. If the optional string on is provided, auth records in non-volatile RAM the file or system from which to authenticate. Once on, authentication can never be turned off, even by rebooting.
Cfs changes the current file system, that is, the file tree to which commands (check, clri, create, netdb, newuser, profile, remove, and users) apply. The initial filesystem is main.
Check verifies the consistency of the current file system. With no options it checks and reports the status. It suspends service while running. Options are:
rdall Read every block in the file system (can take a long time).
tag Fix bad tags; each block has a tag that acts as a backwards pointer for consistency checking.
pfile Print every file name (can take a long time).
free Rebuild the list of free blocks.
setqid Resequence the qids in the file system, starting at one; all outstanding fids become invalid.
bad For each block with a bad tag, create a new block, copy the data from the bad block, and write the correct tag in the new block.
touch Cause every directory and indirect block not on the current WORM disk to be advanced to the current WORM on the next dump.
Clri clears the internal directory entry and abandons storage associated with files. It ignores the usual rules for sanity, such as checking against removing a non-empty directory. A subsequent check free will place the abandoned storage in the free list.
Cpu prints the CPU utilization and state of the processes in the file server.
Create creates a file on the current file system. Uid and gid are names or numbers from /adm/users. Perm is the low 9 bits of the permission mode of the file, in octal. An optional final l, a, or d creates a locked file, append-only file, or directory.
Cwcmd controls the cached WORM file systems.
mvstate state1 state2
States are none, dump, dump1, read, and write. A mvstate dump1 write will cause I/O errors in the last dump to be retried in the next dump. A mvstate read none will flush the cache associated with the WORM. A mvstate dump write aborts the background process dumping to WORM; as a consequence it leaves holes in the dump file system. Other uses are possible but arcane.
prchain [start] [back]
Print the chain of superblocks for the directory containing the roots of the dumped file systems, starting at block number start (default 0) going forward (backwards if back is supplied).
savecache
Copy the block numbers, in native endian longwords, of all blocks in the read state to the file /adm/cache for use by disk/exsort.
loadcache [dskno]
Read /adm/cache and for every block there on WORM disk dskno, read the block from WORM to the cache. If dskno is not supplied, all blocks in /adm/cache are read.
wormcmp [dskno]
Read WORM disk dskno and compare it to the contents of the cache, block by block. Dskno is zero by default.
startdump [01]
Suspend (0) or restart (1) the background dump process.
Cycl controls the Cyclone fiber link to the main CPU server. The subcommands are
reboot Reinitialize the Cyclone board and connection.
verbose Put the Cyclone driver in verbose debugging mode.
ping Bounce a packet off the remote Cyclone board; used internally to resynchronize after an error on the fiber.
Date prints the current date. It may be adjusted using +-seconds. With no sign, it sets the date to the absolute number of seconds since 00:00 Jan 1, 1970 GMT; with a sign it trims the current time.
Dump starts a dump to WORM immediately for all file systems that have a WORM associated. File service is suspended while the cache is scanned; service resumes when the copy to WORM starts.
Flag toggles flags, initially all off:
arp Report ARP activity.
attach Report as connections are made to the file server.
chat (Very noisy.) Print all 9P messages to and from the server.
dkit Report datakit activity.
If given a second numeric channel, as reported by who, the flag is altered only on that connection.
Halt does a sync and halts the machine, returning to the boot ROM.
Netdb reads /lib/ndb/local to establish network information.
Newuser requires a name argument. With no options it adds user name, with group leader name, to /adm/users and makes the directory /usr/name owned by user and group name. The options are
? Print the entry for name.
: Add a group: add the name to /adm/users but don’t create the directory. By convention, groups are numbered starting from 10000, users from 0.
newname Rename existing user name to newname.
=leader Change the leader of name to leader. If leader is missing, remove the existing leader.
+member Add member to the member list of name.
-member Remove existing member from the member list of name.
After a successful newuser command the file server overwrites /adm/users to reflect the internal state of the user table.
Passwd sets the machine’s password and writes it in non-volatile RAM.
Profile 0 clears the profiling buffer and enables profiling; profile 1 stops profiling and writes the data to /adm/kprofdata for use by kprof (see prof(1)). If a number is not specified, the profiling state toggles.
Remove removes files.
Search looks on the WORM for written (w; default) or blank (b) blocks starting at block blockno (default 0) through nblock (default 100) following blocks. Block numbers are as reported by statw.
The stat commands are connected with a service or device identified by the last character of the name: c, Cyclone fiber link; e, Eagle Ethernet controller; j, Jaguar SCSI/VME disk controller; k, Datakit; l, LANCE Ethernet controller; w, cached WORM. The Statp command prints statistics about processes; an optional argument identifies the process to be displayed; stata prints overall statistics about the file system. The stats command takes an optional argument identifying the characters of stat commands to run. The option is remembered and becomes the default for subsequent stats commands if it begins with a minus sign.
Sync writes dirty blocks in memory to the magnetic disk cache.
Time reports the time required to execute the command.
Trace with no options prints the set of queue-locks held by each process in the file server. If things are quiescent, there should be no output. With an argument number it prints a stack traceback of that process.
Users uses the contents of file (default /adm/users) to initializes the file server’s internal representation of the users structure. Incorrectly formatted entries in file will be ignored. If file is explicitly default, the system builds a minimal functional users table internally; this can help recover from disasters. If the file cannot be read, you must run
users default
for the system to function. The default table looks like this:
-1:adm:adm:
0:none:adm:
1:rob:rob:
10000:sys::
10001:map:map:
10002:doc::
10003:upas:upas:
10004:cda::
10005:bootes:bootes:
Version reports when the file server was last compiled and last rebooted.
Who reports, one per line, the names of users connected to the file server and the status of their connections. The first number printed on each line is the channel number of the connection. If users are given the output selects connections owned by those users.
Wormcp copies from WORM disk funit to WORM disk tunit nblock native blocks (default the whole disk). If tunit is written, wormcp guarantees the written data is equal to the data on funit and stops if not. Wormcp does a binary search to find the lowest unwritten block on tunit at which to start the copy. With no arguments, wormcp stops a running copy.
When the file server boots, it prints the message
for config mode hit a key within 5 seconds
If a character are typed within 5 seconds of the message appearing, the server will enter config mode. See fsconfig(8) for the commands available in config mode. The system also enters config mode if, at boot time, the non-volatile RAM does not appear to contain a valid configuration.
Exsort is a regular command to be run on a CPU server, not on the file server console. It reads the named file (default /adm/cache) and sorts the cache disk block numbers contained therein. It assumes the numbers are 4-byte integers and guesses the endianness by looking at the data. It then prints statistics about the cache. With option -w it writes the sorted data back to file.
SEE ALSO
Plan 9 — January 03, 1993