refer(1) refer(1)NAME refer - finds and inserts literature references in documents SYNOPSIS refer [-a[n]] [-b] [-B[l.m]] [-c keys] [-e] [-fn] [-kx] [-l[m,n]] [-n] [-p bib] [-P] [-s keys] [-S] [file]... ARGUMENTS -a[n] Reverses the first n author names, for example, Jones, J. A. instead of J. A. Jones. If n is omitted, all author names are reversed. -b Specifies bare mode: do not put any flags in text (neither numbers nor labels). -B[l.m] Specifies bibliography mode. Takes a file composed of records separated by blank lines and turns them into troff input. Label l is turned into the macro .m with l defaulting to %X and .m defaulting to .AP (annotation paragraph). -c keys Capitalizes (with CAPS SMALL CAPS) the fields whose key-letters are in keys. -e Accumulates the references until a sequence of the form .[ $LIST$ .] is encountered, and then writes out all references collected so far and collapses the references to the same source. Usually, the references are left where encountered. -fn Sets the initial footnote number to n instead of the default of 1. With labels rather than numbers, this is a no-op. file Specifies the file to be searched. -kx Uses labels as specified in a reference data line beginning %x, instead of numbering references. By default, x is L. -l[m,n] Uses labels made from the senior author's last name and the year of publication, instead of numbering references. Only the first m letters of the last name January 1992 1
refer(1) refer(1)and the last n digits of the date are used. If either m or n is omitted, the entire name or date is used. -n Does not search /usr/dict/papers/Ind, the default file. If there is a REFER environment variable, the specified file is searched instead of the default file; in this case the -n has no effect. -p bib Takes the next argument bib as a file of references to be searched. The default file is searched last. -P Places punctuation marks ( . , : ; ? ! ) after the reference signal rather than before. (Periods and commas used to be done with strings.) -s keys Sorts references by fields whose keyletters are in the keys string; permutes the reference numbers in text accordingly. This option implies -e. The keyletters in keys may be followed by a number to indicate how many such fields are used, with + taken as a very large number. The default is AD, which sorts on the senior author and then date. To sort, for example, on all authors and then, the title, use -sA+T. -S Produces references in the Natural or Social Science format. DESCRIPTION refer is a preprocessor for nroff(1) or troff(1) that finds and formats references for footnotes or endnotes. It is also the base for a series of programs designed to index, search, sort, and print stand-alone bibliographies, or other data entered in the appropriate form. Given an incomplete citation with sufficiently precise keywords, refer searches a bibliographic database for references containing these keywords anywhere in the title, author, journal, and so forth. The input file (or standard input) is copied to standard output, except for lines between .[ and .] delimiters, which are assumed to contain keywords and are replaced by information from the bibliographic database. The user may also search different databases, override particular fields, or add new fields. The reference data, from whatever source, is assigned to a set of troff strings. Macro packages such as ms(5) print the finished reference text from these strings. By default, references are flagged by footnote numbers. To use your own references, put them in the format described below. When refer is used with the eqn, neqn, or tbl 2 January 1992
refer(1) refer(1)preprocessors, refer should be first, to minimize the volume of data passed through pipes. The refer preprocessor and associated programs expect input from a file of references composed of records separated by blank lines. A record is a set of lines (fields), each containing one kind of information. Fields start on a line beginning with a %, followed by a keyletter, then a blank, and finally the contents of the field, which continue until the next line starting with %. The output ordering and formatting of fields is controlled by the macros specified for nroff/troff (for footnotes and endnotes) or roffbib (for stand-alone bibliographies). For a list of the most common key-letters and their corresponding fields, see addbib(1). EXAMPLES An example of a refer entry is given below: %A T. Monroe %T Creating Inverted Indexes %B Text Processing Guide %V 2.6b %I Data Systems %C Berkeley, California %D 1998 LIMITATIONS Blank spaces at the end of lines in bibliography fields will cause the records to sort and reverse incorrectly. Sorting large numbers of references causes a core dump. FILES /usr/ucb/refer Executable file /usr/dict/papers Directory containing default publication lists /usr/lib/refer Directory containing companion programs SEE ALSO addbib(1), indxbib(1), lookbib(1), roffbib(1), sortbib(1) January 1992 3