| cc | Compiler controller
|
| cpp | C preprocessor
|
| ac | Summarize login accounting information
|
| accton | Enable/disable process accounting
|
| as, as.8086 | i8086 assembler
|
| at, at.c | Execute commands at given time
|
| awk | Pattern-scanning language
|
| bad | Maintain list of bad blocks
|
| badscan | Build bad block list
|
| banner | Print large letters
|
| basename | Strip file name
|
| bc | Interactive calculator with arbitrary precision
|
| break | Exit from shell construct
|
| build | Install COHERENT onto a hard disk
|
| c | Print multi-column output
|
| cal | Print a calendar
|
| calendar | Reminder service
|
| case | Execute commands conditionally according to pattern
|
| chase | Highly amusing video game
|
| check | Check file system
|
| chgrp | Change the group owner of files
|
| chmod, chmod.c | Change the modes of a file
|
| chown, chown.c | Change the owner of files
|
| clri | Clear i-node
|
| col | Remove reverse and half-line motions
|
| comm | Print common lines
|
| compress | Compress a file
|
| continue, continue.c | Terminate current iteration of shell construct
|
| conv | Numeric base converter
|
| cpdir | Copy directory hierarchy
|
| cpio | Archive utility
|
| crypt, crypt.c | Encrypt/decrypt text
|
| ctags | Generate tags and refs files for elvis editor
|
| dc | Desk calculator
|
| dcheck | Directory consistency check
|
| dd | File conversion
|
| deroff | Remove text formatting control information
|
| df | Measure free space on disk
|
| diff3 | Summarize differences among three files
|
| disable | Disable terminal port
|
| dos | Transfer files to/from an MS-DOS file system
|
| drvld | Load a loadable driver into memory
|
| du | Summarize disk usage
|
| dump | File system dump
|
| dumpdate | Print dump dates
|
| dumpdir | Print the directory of a dump
|
| elvis | Clone of UNIX-standard screen editor
|
| enable | Enable terminal port
|
| epson | Print
|
| eval | Evaluate arguments
|
| ex | Line-oriented editor
|
| exec | Execute command directly
|
| export | Add shell variables to environment
|
| expr | Compute a command line expression
|
| factor | Factor a number
|
| false | Unconditional failure
|
| fdformat | Format a floppy disk
|
| find | Search for files satisfying a pattern
|
| fixstack | Change stack allocation
|
| fnkey | Set/print function keys
|
| for | Execute commands for tokens in list
|
| fortune | Print random selected, hopefully humorous, text
|
| from | Generate list of numbers
|
| fsck | Check and repair file systems interactively
|
| grep | Pattern search
|
| head | Print the beginning of a file
|
| hp | Prepare files for HP LaserJet-compatible printer
|
| hpr | Send file to Hewlett-Packard LaserJet printer spooler
|
| hpskip | Abort/restart current listing on Hewlett-Packard LaserJet
|
| icheck | i-node consistency check
|
| if, if.c | Conditional command execution
|
| install | Install COHERENT update
|
| join | Join two data bases
|
| kermit | Remote system communication and file transfer
|
| kill, kill.c | Signal a process
|
| lc | Categorize files in a directory
|
| lex | Lexical analyzer generator
|
| ln | Create a link to a file
|
| login | Log in or change user name
|
| look | Find matching lines in a sorted file
|
| lpr | Send to line printer spooler
|
| lpskip | Terminate/restart current line printer listing
|
| mail | Computer mail
|
| man, man.c | Print online manual sections
|
| mesg | Permit/deny messages from other users
|
| mkfs | Make a new file system
|
| mknod, mknod.c | Make a special file or named pipe
|
| mount, mount.c | Mount a file system
|
| msg, msg.c | Send a one-line message to another user
|
| msgs | Read messages intended for all COHERENT users
|
| ncheck | Print file names corresponding to i-numbers
|
| newgrp | Change to a new group
|
| newusr | Add new user to COHERENT system
|
| nroff | Text processor
|
| passwd, passwd.c | Set/change login password
|
| pax | Portable archive interchange
|
| phone | Print numbers and addresses from phone directory
|
| prep | Produce a word list
|
| ps | Print process status
|
| quot | Summarize file-system usage
|
| ranlib | Create index for library
|
| read | Assign values to shell variables
|
| reboot | Reboot the COHERENT system
|
| ref | Display a C function header
|
| restor | Restore file system
|
| rev | Reverse text in lines of files
|
| sa | Process accounting
|
| scat | Print text files one screenful at a time
|
| sed | Stream editor
|
| set | Set shell option flags and positional parameters
|
| sh | Command language interpreter
|
| shift | Shift positional parameters
|
| shutdown | Shut down the COHERENT system
|
| spell | Find spelling errors
|
| split | Split a large file into smaller files
|
| stty | Set/print terminal modes
|
| su | Substitute user id, become superuser
|
| sum | Print checksum of a file
|
| sync, sync.c | Flush system buffers
|
| tail | Print the end of a file
|
| tar | Tape archive manager
|
| tee | Branch pipe output
|
| test | Evaluate conditional expression
|
| time, time.c | Time the execution of a command
|
| times, times.c | Print total user and system times
|
| tr | Translate characters
|
| trap | Execute command on receipt of signal
|
| troff | Format proportionally spaced text
|
| true | Unconditional success
|
| tsort | Topological sort
|
| tty | Print the user's terminal name
|
| ttystat | Get
|
| typo | Detect possible typographical and spelling errors
|
| umount, umount.c | Unmount file system
|
| uncompress | Uncompress a compressed file
|
| units | Convert measurements
|
| unmkfs | Create a prototype file system
|
| until | Execute commands repeatedly
|
| ustar | Tape archive utility
|
| uucico | Transmit data to or from a remote site
|
| uucp, uucp.c | Ready files for transmission to other systems
|
| uudecode | Decode a binary file sent from a remote system
|
| uuencode | Encode a binary file for transmission to a remote system
|
| uuinstall | Install UUCP
|
| uulog | Examine UUCP operations
|
| uumvlog | Examine UUCP operations
|
| uuname | List uucp names of known systems
|
| uutouch | Touch a file to trigger uucico poll
|
| uuxqt | Execute commands requested by a remote system
|
| vi | Clone of UNIX-standard screen editor
|
| view | Screen-oriented viewing utility
|
| virec | Recover the modified version of a file after a crash
|
| wait, wait.c | Await completion of background process
|
| wall | Send a message to all logged in users
|
| while | Execute commands repeatedly
|
| who | Print who is logged in
|
| write, write.c | Conduct interactive conversation with another user
|
| yacc | Parser generator
|
| yes | Print infinitely many responses
|
| zcat | Concatenate a compressed file
|
| ar | The librarian/archiver
|
| cat | Concatenate/print files
|
| cd | Change directory
|
| cmp | Compare bytes of two files
|
| cp | Copy a file
|
| date | Print/set the date and time
|
| db | Assembler-level symbolic debugger
|
| diff | Summarize differences between two files
|
| echo | Repeat/expand an argument
|
| ed | Interactive line editor
|
| egrep | Extended pattern search
|
| exit | Exit from a noninteractive shell
|
| file | Guess a file's type
|
| help | Print concise description of command
|
| ld | Link relocatable object files
|
| ls | List directory's contents
|
| m4 | Macro processor
|
| make | Program building discipline
|
| me | MicroEMACS screen editor
|
| mkdir | Create a directory
|
| mv | Rename files or directories
|
| nm | Print a program's symbol table
|
| od | Print an octal dump of a file
|
| pr | Paginate and print files
|
| pwd | Print the name of the current directory
|
| rm | Remove files
|
| rmdir | Remove directories
|
| size | Print size of an object file
|
| sleep, sleep.c | Stop executing for a specified time
|
| sort | Sort lines of text
|
| strip | Strip debug, relocation, and symbol tables from executable file
|
| touch | Update modification time of a file
|
| uniq | Remove/count repeated lines in a sorted file
|
| wc | Count words, lines, and characters in files
|
| address | An address is the location where an item of data is stored in
|
| alignment | Alignment refers to the fact that some microprocessors require
|
| arena | An arena is the area of memory that is available for a program to
|
| array | An array is a concatenation of data elements, all of which are of
|
| bit | bit is an abbreviation for ``binary digit''. It is the basic
|
| bit-fields, bitfields | A bit-field is a member of a structure or union that is defined
|
| bit map, bitmap | A bit map is a string of bits in which each bit has a symbolic,
|
| buffer | A buffer is a portion of memory set aside to hold data read from
|
| byte | A byte is a group of bits that encodes a character or a small-in-
|
| cast | The cast operation ``coerces'' a variable from one data type to
|
| cc0 | cc0 is the COHERENT parser. It parses C programs using the
|
| cc1 | cc1 is the COHERENT code generator. This phase generates code
|
| cc2 | cc2 is the optimizer/object generator phase of COHERENT. It op-
|
| cc3 | cc3 is the output phase of COHERENT. It writes a file of as-
|
| daemon | A daemon is a process that is designed to perform a particular
|
| directory | A directory is a table that maps names to files; in other words,
|
| EOF, eof | Indicate end of a file
|
| executable file, executablefile | An executable file is one that can be loaded directly by the
|
| field | A field is an area that is set apart from whatever surrounds it,
|
| FILE, file.a | Descriptor for a file stream
|
| file | A file is a mass of bits that has been given a name and is stored
|
| file descriptor, filedescriptor | A file descriptor is an integer between 1 and 20 that indexes an
|
| function | A function is the C term for a portion of code that is named, can
|
| GMT, gmt | GMT is an abbreviation of Greenwich Mean Time, the time recorded
|
| initialization | The term initialization refers to setting a variable to its
|
| interrupt | An interrupt is an interruption of the sequential flow of a
|
| lvalue | An lvalue is an expression that designates a region of storage.
|
| macro | A macro is a body of text that is given a name. When the name is
|
| manifest constant, manifestconsta | A manifest constant is a numeric constant that is given a name so
|
| modulus | Modulus is the operation that returns the remainder of a division
|
| NULL, null | NULL is defined in the header file stddef.h. It is the null
|
| nybble | A nybble is four bits, or half of an eight-bit byte. The term is
|
| object format, objectformat | An object format describes the form of compiled program that
|
| operator | An operator relates one operand to another. For example, the
|
| pattern | A pattern is any combination of ASCII characters and wildcard
|
| port | A port passes data to and receives data from a remote device.
|
| precedence | Precedence refers to the property of each C operator that deter-
|
| process | A process is a program in the state of execution.
|
| pun | In the context of C, a pun occurs when a programmer uses one data
|
| random access, randomaccess | In the context of computing, random access means that an entity,
|
| ranlib | The ranlib is a ``directory'' that appears at the beginning of
|
| read-only memory, readonlymemory | As its name suggests, read-only memory, or ROM, is memory that
|
| register variable, registervariab | register is a C storage class. A register declaration tells the
|
| rvalue | An rvalue is the value of an expression. The name comes from the
|
| stack | The stack is the segment of memory that holds function arguments,
|
| standard error, standarderror | The standard error is the peripheral device or file where
|
| standard input, standardinput | The standard input is the device or file from which data are ac-
|
| standard output, standardoutput | The standard output is the device or file where programs write
|
| stderr | stderr is the name of the FILE pointer assigned to the standard
|
| stdin | stdin is the name of the FILE pointer that is assigned to the
|
| stdout | stdout is the name of the FILE pointer that is assigned to the
|
| stream | The term stream is a metaphor for any entity that can be named
|
| structure | A structure is a set of variables that has been given a name and
|
| wildcards | Wildcards are characters that, in some circumstances, can
|
| filter | A filter is a program that reads a stream of input, transforms it
|
| i-node | COHERENT system file identifier
|
| major number, major.a | Device numbering
|
| minor number, minor.a | Device numbering
|
| pipe, pipe.a | A pipe directs the output stream of one program into the input
|
| root | root is the login name for the superuser.
|
| sticky bit, stickybit | The sticky bit is one of the mode bits associated with a file.
|
| superuser | The superuser is the user who has system-wide permissions. He
|
| abort(), abort | End program immediately
|
| abs(), abs | Return the absolute value of an integer
|
| atof(), atof | Convert ASCII strings to floating point
|
| atoi(), atoi | Convert ASCII strings to integers
|
| atol(), atol | Convert ASCII strings to long integers
|
| calloc(), calloc | Allocate dynamic memory
|
| exit(), exit | Terminate a program gracefully
|
| free(), free | Return dynamic memory to free memory pool
|
| frexp(), frexp | Separate fraction and exponent
|
| ldexp(), ldexp | Combine fraction and exponent
|
| longjmp(), longjmp | Return from a non-local goto
|
| malloc(), malloc | Allocate dynamic memory
|
| modf(), modf | Separate integral part and fraction
|
| qsort(), qsort | Sort arrays in memory
|
| rand(), rand | Generate pseudo-random numbers
|
| realloc(), realloc | Reallocate dynamic memory
|
| setjmp(), setjmp | Perform non-local goto
|
| shellsort(), shellsort | Sort arrays in memory
|
| tmpnam(), tmpnam | Generate a unique name for a temporary file
|
| candaddr(), candaddr | Convert a daddr_t to canonical format
|
| candev(), candev | Convert a dev_t to canonical format
|
| canino(), canino | Convert an ino_t to canonical format
|
| canint(), canint | Convert an int to canonical format
|
| canlong(), canlong | Convert a long to canonical format
|
| canshort(), canshort | Convert a short to canonical format
|
| cansize(), cansize | Convert an fsize_t to canonical format
|
| cantime(), cantime | Convert a time_t to canonical format
|
| canvaddr(), canvaddr | Convert a vaddr_t to canonical format
|
| crypt(), crypt | Encryption using rotor algorithm
|
| endgrent(), endgrent | Close group file
|
| endpwent(), endpwent | Close password file
|
| getgrent(), getgrent | Get group file information
|
| getgrgid(), getgrgid | Get group file information, by group name
|
| getgrnam(), getgrnam | Get group file information, by group id
|
| getlogin(), getlogin | Get login name
|
| getopt(), getopt | Get option letter from argv
|
| getpass(), getpass | Get password with prompting
|
| getpw(), getpw | Search password file
|
| getpwent(), getpwent | Get password file information
|
| getpwnam(), getpwnam | Get password file information, by name
|
| getpwuid(), getpwuid | Get password file information, by id
|
| getwd(), getwd | Get current working directory name
|
| l3tol(), l3tol | Convert file system block number to long integer
|
| ltol3(), ltol3 | Convert long integer to file system block number
|
| memok(), memok | Test if the arena is corrupted
|
| mtype(), mtype | Return symbolic machine type
|
| nlist(), nlist | Symbol table lookup
|
| setgrent(), setgrent | Rewind group file
|
| setpwent(), setpwent | Rewind password file
|
| ttyname(), ttyname | Identify a terminal
|
| ttyslot(), ttyslot | Return a terminal's line number
|
| fstat(), fstat | Find file attributes
|
| getenv(), getenv | Read environmental variable
|
| isatty(), isatty | Check if a device is a terminal
|
| mktemp(), mktemp | Generate a temporary file name
|
| path(), path.a | Path name for a file
|
| perror(), perror | System call error messages
|
| sleep(), sleep | Suspend execution for interval
|
| swab(), swab | Swap a pair of bytes
|
| system(), system | Pass a command to the shell for execution
|
| tempnam(), tempnam | Generate a unique name for a temporary file
|
| assert.h | Define assert()
|
| ctype.h | Header file for data tests
|
| math.h | Declare mathematics functions
|
| setjmp.h | Define setjmp() and longjmp()
|
| stdio.h | Declarations and definitions for I/O
|
| string.h | #include <string.h>
|
| access.h | Check accessibility
|
| acct.h | Format for process-accounting file
|
| action.h | Describe parsing action and goto tables
|
| alloc.h | Define the allocator
|
| ar.h | Format for archive files
|
| ascii.h | Define non-printable ASCII characters
|
| buf.h | Buffer header
|
| chars.h | Character definitions
|
| con.h | Configure device drivers
|
| const.h | Declare machine-dependent constants
|
| curses.h | Define functions and macros in curses library
|
| deftty.h | Define default tty settings
|
| dir.h | Directory format
|
| dirent.h | Define dirent
|
| dumptape.h | Define data structures used on dump tapes
|
| ebcdic.h | Define manifest constants for non-printable EBCDIC characters
|
| fblk.h | Define the disk-free block
|
| fcntl.h | Manifest constants for file-handling functions
|
| fd.h | Declare file-descriptor structure
|
| fdioctl.h | Control floppy-disk I/O
|
| fdisk.h | Fixed-disk constants and structures
|
| filsys.h | Structures and constants for super block
|
| fperr.h | Constants used with floating-point exception codes
|
| grp.h | Declare group structure
|
| hdioctl.h | Control hard-disk I/O
|
| ino.h | Constants and structures for disk i-nodes
|
| inode.h | Constants and structures for memory-resident i-nodes
|
| io.h | Constants and structures used by I/O
|
| ipc.h | Definitions for process communications
|
| l.out.h | Object file format
|
| lpioctl.h | Definitions for line-printer I/O control
|
| machine.h | Machine-dependent definitions
|
| malloc.h | Definitions for memory-allocation functions
|
| mdata.h | Define machine-specific magic numbers
|
| mnttab.h | Structure for mount table
|
| mon.h | Read profile output files
|
| mount.h | Define the mount table
|
| mprec.h | Multiple-precision arithmetic
|
| msg.h | Definitions for message facility
|
| msig.h | Machine-dependent signals
|
| mtab.h | Currently mounted file systems
|
| mtioctl.h | Magnetic-tape I/O control
|
| n.out.h | Define n.out file structure
|
| param.h | Define machine-specific parameters
|
| path.h | Define/declare constants and functions used with path
|
| poll.h | Define structures/constants used with polling devices
|
| proc.h | Define structures/constants used with processes
|
| pwd.h | Declare password structure
|
| sched.h | Define constants used with scheduling
|
| seg.h | Definitions used with segmentation
|
| sem.h | Definitions used by semaphore facility
|
| sgtty.h | Definitions used to control terminal I/O
|
| shm.h | Definitions used with shared memory
|
| signal.h | Declare signals
|
| stddef.h | Header for standard definitions
|
| stream.h | Definitions for message facility
|
| termio.h | Definitions used with terminal input and output
|
| timeb.h | Declare timeb structure
|
| timef.h | Definitions for user-level timed functions
|
| timeout.h | Define the timer queue
|
| times.h | Definitions used with times() system call
|
| tty.h | Define flags used with tty processing
|
| types.h | Declare system-specific data types
|
| uproc.h | Definitions used with user processes
|
| utmp.h | Login accounting information
|
| utsname.h | Define utsname structure
|
| v7sgtty.h | UNIX Version 7-style terminal I/O
|
| canon.h | Portable layout of binary data
|
| errno.h | Error numbers used by errno()
|
| mtype.h | List processor code numbers
|
| stat.h | Definitions and declarations used to obtain file status
|
| time.h | Give time-description structure
|
| gcd(), gcd | Set variable to greatest common divisor
|
| ispos(), ispos | Return if variable is positive or negative
|
| itom(), itom | Create a multiple-precision integer
|
| madd(), madd | Add multiple-precision integers
|
| mcmp(), mcmp | Compare multiple-precision integers
|
| mcopy(), mcopy | Copy a multiple-precision integer
|
| mdiv(), mdiv | Divide multiple-precision integers
|
| min(), min | Read multiple-precision integer from stdin
|
| minit(), minit | Condition global or auto multiple-precision integer
|
| mintfr(), mintfr | Free a multiple-precision integer
|
| mitom(), mitom | Reinitialize a multiple-precision integer
|
| mneg(), mneg | Negate multiple-precision integer
|
| mout(), mout | Write multiple-precision integer to stdout
|
| msqrt(), msqrt | Compute square root of multiple-precision integer
|
| msub(), msub | Subtract multiple-precision integers
|
| mtoi(), mtoi | Convert multiple-precision integer to integer
|
| mtos(), mtos | Convert multiple-precision integer to string
|
| mult(), mult | Multiply multiple-precision integers
|
| mvfree(), mvfree | Free multiple-precision integer
|
| pow(), pow | Raise multiple-precision integer to power
|
| rpow(), rpow | Raise multiple-precision integer to power
|
| sdiv(), sdiv | Divide multiple-precision integers
|
| smult(), smult | Multiply multiple-precision integers
|
| spow(), spow | Raise multiple-precision integer to power
|
| xgcd(), xgcd | Extended greatest-common-divisor function
|
| zerop(), zerop | Indicate if multi-precision integer is zero
|
| C keywords, c_keywords | A keyword is a word that is reserved within C, and must not be
|
| C language, c_language | The following summarizes how COHERENT implements the C language.
|
| C preprocessor, c_preprocessor | Preprocessing encompasses all tasks that logically precede the
|
| ctype | #include <ctype.h>
|
| definitions | The Lexicon contains the following articles that define aspects
|
| general functions, generalfunctio | The library libc includes a number of functions that perform
|
| header files, headerfiles | A header file is a file of C code that contains definitions, dec-
|
| libraries | A library is an archive file of commonly used functions that have
|
| mathematics library, mathematicslib | The following mathematics routines are available with COHERENT:
|
| STDIO, stdio | STDIO is an abbreviation for standard input and output. It
|
| string functions, stringfunction | The character string is a common formation in C programs. The
|
| curses | Library of screen-handling functions
|
| device drivers, device_drivers | A device driver is a program that controls the action of one of
|
| file formats, fileformats | The COHERENT system uses a number of different file formats.
|
| system maintenance, systemmaintena | The COHERENT system automatically invokes a number of utilities
|
| technical information, technicalinfor | The Lexicon includes the following entries that describe techni-
|
| UUCP, uucp | Unattended communication with remote systems
|
| COHERENT system calls, coherentsystem | The COHERENT system makes many services available to the C
|
| commands | The following lists the commands included with COHERENT. The
|
| environmental variables, environmentalv | The environment is a set of information that is read by all
|
| linker-defined symbols, linkerdefineds | The following symbols are set by the linker ld when it links a
|
| time, time.a | COHERENT includes a number of routines that allow you to set and
|
| ASCII, ascii | ASCII is an acronym for the American Standard Code for Informa-
|
| byte ordering, byteordering | Machine-dependent ordering of bytes
|
| data formats, dataformats | Mark Williams Company has written C compilers for a number of
|
| data types, datatypes | The following table gives the data types that COHERENT recog-
|
| errno | External integer for return of error status
|
| memory allocation, memoryallocati | The following diagram shows how COHERENT allocates memory.
|
| portability | Portability means that code can be recompiled and run under dif-
|
| storage class, storageclass | Storage class refers to the part of a declaration that indicates
|
| structure assignment, structureassig | The C Programming Language, ed. 2 forbids structure assignment,
|
| type checking, typechecking | Every expression has a type, such as int, char, or double. C is
|
| type promotion, typepromotion | In arithmetic expressions, COHERENT promotes one signed type to
|
| block | A block is a mass of data that is read at one time. Blocks are
|
| environ | Process environment
|
| execution | Program execution under COHERENT is governed by the various forms
|
| floppy disks, floppy | To use a floppy disk with COHERENT, you must:
|
| install, install.a | Building distribution kits for use by install
|
| man | Manual macro package
|
| misc | Library of miscellaneous functions
|
| modemcap | Modem description language
|
| motd | File that holds message of the day
|
| ms | Manuscript macro package
|
| profile | Set user's environment
|
| security | Because COHERENT is a multi-user, multi-tasking operating system
|
| signame | Array of names of signals
|
| termcap | Terminal description language
|
| calling conventions, callingconvent | The following presents the calling conventions for COHERENT.
|